Ghana

Languages

Abron abr

Brong-Ahafo region: southwest. Users: 1,170,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 1,393,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bron, Brong, Doma, Gyaman Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Akan

Adamorobe Sign Language ads

Eastern region: Akuapim South municipal district, Adamorobe village. Users: 41 (Kusters 2012). Many of the approximately 3,500 hearing people in Adamorobe village also use Adamorobe Sign Language, to varying degrees of proficiency (Nyst 2007, Kusters 2012). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: AdaSL Classification: Sign language, Shared sign language

Adangbe adq

Volta region: south. Users: Ethnic population: 6,000 (Gblem-Poidi and Kantchoa 2012). Total users in all countries: 4,000. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Adan, Adantonwi, Agotime, Dangbe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kposo-Ahlo-Bowili

Adele ade

Volta region: Nkwanta district; east central border with Togo. Users: 11,000 in Ghana (2003). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bɛdɩrɛ, Badre, Bedire, Gadre, Gidire, Gɩdɩrɛ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Basila-Adele

Ahanta aha

Western region: Takoradi to Princes Town on southwest coast. Users: 175,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Ayɩnda Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Southern

Akan aka

Widespread. Users: 9,100,000 in Ghana, all users. L1 users: 8,100,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Population includes 111,000 Agona, 85,900 Ahafo, 626,000 Akuapem, 3,820,000 Asante, 142,000 Asen, 124,000 Dankyira, 2,730,000 Fante, 443,000 Kwawu, and 15,400 other (2013 UNSD). L2 users: 1,000,000. Total users in all countries: 9,329,800 (as L1: 8,329,800; as L2: 1,000,000). Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto national working language. Became widely spoken around the 17th century. Used in slave trade by the Akan people in exchange for firearms. Also used in gold mining, trade, and farming. Officially recognized for literacy. Autonym: Akan Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Akan

Akposo kpo

Volta region: Jasikan district, near Togo border. Users: 7,500 in Ghana (2003). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Akposso, Ikposo, Ikposso, Kposo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kposo-Ahlo-Bowili

Animere anf

Volta region: enclave north of Jasikan town; Kecheibi and Kunda villages, remote. Users: 30 (2006 R. Blench). Only a few fluent speakers left in an ethnic group of several hundred (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Anyimere, Kunda Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kebu-Animere

Anufo cko

Northern region: Wawjayga area. Users: 91,300 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 177,200. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Chakosi, Chokosi, Kyokosi, Tchokossi, Tiokossi Autonym: Anufo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern

Anyin any

Western region: Aowin Suman district. Users: 66,400 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Agni, Anyi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern

Avatime avn

Volta region: center at Amedzofe. Users: 27,200 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Afatime, Si-yà, Sia, Siya, Siyase Autonym: Sideme Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Avatime-Nyangbo

Awutu afu

Central region: Awutu district, coast west of Accra. Users: 129,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Efutu Autonym: Awutu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang

Baoulé bci

Users: 4,060 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern

Bimoba bim

Northern region: Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo and Sabobal-Chereponi districts; Upper East region: Garu-Tempane district. Users: 176,000 (2013 UNSD). Ethnic population: 200,000. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Moar, Moor Autonym: Mɔɔr Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, Moba

Birifor, Southern biv

Northern region; Upper West region: Wa West district. Users: 183,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Total users in all countries: 187,310. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Berfoɔr, Birifo, Birifor, Bɩ rfʊ ɔ r, Ghana Birifor, Lobi Autonym: Birfoɔr Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Birifor

Bisa bib

Upper East region: Bawku Municipal district. Users: 243,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bissa, Busansi Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Bissa

Boro xxb

Volta region: Tapa Amanya and Worawora area. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last fluent speaker likely died in the early 1800s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa

Buli bwu

Upper East region; Northern region: White Volta river area. Users: 168,000 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Builsa, Bulisa, Bulsa, Guresha, Kanjaga Autonym: Buli Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Buli-Koma

Chakali cli

Northern region: West Gonja district, Ducie village is largest; Upper West region: Wa East district. Users: 6,000 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Chala cll

Northern region: Jadigbe village, near Seipe, is 35% Chala; Volta region: Ago, Nkwanta, and Odomi villages. Users: 3,000 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bogong, Cala, Tshala Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern

Cherepon cpn

Eastern region: east of Koforidua town; a few north of Larteh. Users: 132,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chiripon, Chiripong, Kyerepong, Okere Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang

Chumburung ncu

Brong-Ahafo region: Sene district; Northern region: East Gonja district; Volta region: Krachi district; triangular area with Volta lake south, Daka river northwest, Yeji dialect is south of the lake. Users: 95,000 (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kyo̱ŋbo̱ro̱ŋ, Kyongborong, Nchimburu, Nchumburu, Nchummuru Autonym: Kyo̱ŋbo̱ro̱ŋ-nɔ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Dagaare, Southern dga

Upper West region: northwest corner. Users: 924,000 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Dagara, Dagare, Dagari, Dagati, Degati, Dogaari, Southern Dagari Autonym: Dagaare Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Dagaari

Dagbani dag

Northern region: northeast of Tamale, as far as Yendi. Users: 1,160,000 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Dagbamba, Dagbane, Dagomba Autonym: Dagbanli Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast

Dangme ada

Eastern region: Asuogyaman, East Akim municipal, Fanteukwa, Lower Manya Krobo, Upper Manya Krobo, New Juaben municipal, and Yilo Krobo municipal districts; Greater Accra region: Dangme East and West districts, southeast coast and inland; Volta region: North Tongu district. Users: 1,020,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Adaŋgbi, Adangme Autonym: Dangme Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Ga-Dangme

Deg mzw

Brong-Ahafo region: Kintampo North district; Northern region: Bole district; west of Volta lake. Users: 42,900 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 44,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Aculo, Buru, Degha, Janela, Mmfo, Mo Autonym: Dɛg Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Delo ntr

Volta region: Pampawie area, Togo border. Users: 10,900 in Ghana (2003), increasing. Total users in all countries: 18,400. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ntribou, Ntribu, Ntrubo Autonym: Delo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern

Dompo doy

Brong-Ahafo region: Banda district, Dompofie quarter. Users: 65 (Blench 1999a), decreasing. Ethnic population: 970 (2000). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Dumpo, Guang, Ndmpo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Dwang nnu

Brong-Ahafo region: south of Volta lake, east of Atebubu. Users: 8,200 (2003 GILLBT). 1,600 Bekye, 3,300 Kenyen, 3,300 Wiase. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bassa, Dwan, Nchumunu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

English eng

Users: 11,708,600 in Ghana, all users. L1 users: 8,600 in Ghana (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. L2 users: 11,700,000 (2010 census), based on literacy rate in English of respondents 15 years old and older. Status: 1 (National). De facto national language. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English

Esahie sfw

Western region. Users: 305,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Asahyue, Sefwi, Sehwi Autonym: Esahie Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern

Éwé ewe

Eastern region: Askuma town area, west of Lake Volta; Greater Accra region: easternmost; Volta region: easternmost. Users: 3,820,000 in Ghana, all users. L1 users: 3,320,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. L2 users: 500,000. Total users in all countries: 5,525,320 (as L1: 5,025,320; as L2: 500,000). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Widely used throughout southeastern Ghana and southern Togo, it is believed that the Éwé migrated south from Nigeria in the 13th century into the Tado region of present-day Togo. In the 18th century, they came in contact with Europeans and were involved in slave trade. Éwé is an official language in both Ghana and Togo. Éwé culture and tradition is rich in folklore, poetry, myths, and songs. Éwé is used in cultural activities, in commerce, weaving, education, farming, and fishing. Alternate Names: Ebwe, Efe, Eibe, Eue, Eve, Gbe, Krepe, Krepi, Popo, Vhe Autonym: Èʋegbe‎ (Èwegbe) Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Gbe

Farefare gur

Upper East region: Bolgatanga municipal district, Frafra area, west to Navrongo. Users: 638,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. 588,000 Gur and Nankansi, 49,200 Namnam (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 663,100. Status: 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in Upper East Region. Alternate Names: Frafra, Gurene, Gurenne, Gurune Autonym: Farefare, Gurenɛ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest

Foodo fod

Users: 1,000 in Ghana. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

French fra

Users: 274,000 in Ghana (Marcoux et al 2022), L2 users. Status: 4 (Educational). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French

Fulfulde, Maasina ffm

Widespread north. Users: 4,240 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Fulbe, Fulfulde, Maacina, Maasinankoore, Peul Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, West Central

Ga gaa

Greater Accra region: Accra and west. Users: 745,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 793,400. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Accra, Acra, Amina, Gain, Gamei Autonym: Ga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Ga-Dangme

Ghanaian Pidgin English gpe

Greater Accra region: scattered. Users: 5,002,000, all users. L1 users: 2,000 (1990 UBS). L2 users: 5,000,000 (2011 V. Velupillai). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Developed in the 19th and 20th centuries when the British colonized the Gold Coast of West Africa (now Ghana). Lingua franca of Accra and southern towns in Ghana. Used in all domains. Alternate Names: Broken, Kroo Brofo, Kru English, Pidgin, Pidgin English Classification: Creole, English based, Atlantic, Krio

Ghanaian Sign Language gse

Scattered. Users: 152,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 91,000–182,000 deaf signers, assuming 0.3%–0.6% of total population. Estimated 111,000 deaf people served by Ghana National Association of the Deaf (2019 GNAD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: GSL Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language

Gikyode acd

Volta region: Nkwanta district, on Togo border, 9 remote villages. Users: 10,400 (2003), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Achode, Akyode, Chode, Gichode, Kyode Autonym: Gikyode Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Gonja gjn

Brong-Ahafo region: Kintampa North district, separate area west; Northern region: Volta lake upper basin. Users: 310,000 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Guang Autonym: Ngbanyito Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Gua gwx

Eastern and Volta regions. Users: 17,600 (2013 UNSD). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Anum-Boso, Guan, Gwa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang

Hanga hag

Northern region: Damongo district southeast of Mole Game Reserve; Murugu is largest village. Users: 6,800 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. 4,100 in the traditional area, 2,700 elsewhere. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Anga Autonym: Haŋa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast

Hausa hau

Widespread. Users: 565,000 in Ghana, all users. L1 users: 275,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc). L2 users: 290,000 (2019 Joshua Project). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Used as L2 in the north. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.1

Ibibio ibb

Users: 59,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efik

Igbo ibo

Users: 61,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Igbo

Jwira-Pepesa jwi

Western region; Jwira from Bamiankaw to Humjibere along Ankobra river (18 villages); Pepesa on Wasa land between Agona Junction and Tarkwa; Dompim is main town. Users: 18,000 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gwira, Pepesa-Jwira Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Southern

Kabiyè kbp

Northern region: near Togo border. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Cabrai, Cabrais, Kabire, Kabure, Kabye Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern

Kamara jmr

Northern region: Larabanga village on road west of Damongo. Users: 3,000 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. Ethnic population: 5,000 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mara Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast

Kantosi xkt

Upper East region: Sandema district, Bolgatonga, Kpaliwogo, Nalerigu, Navrongo, and near Wa. Users: 2,300 (2003 GILLBT). 280–400 in Sandema District, probably about 280 in Kpaliwongo. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dagaare-Dioula, Kantonsi, Yare, Yarsi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast

Kasem xsm

Upper East region: Navrongo town area; Upper West region: Sissala East and West districts. Users: 149,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Kasena, Kassena, Kassene Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern

Konkomba xon

Northern region: Yendi municipal district, Guerin, east border area; many scattered groups. Users: 831,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. Total users in all countries: 915,700. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bikpakpam, Kpankpamba Autonym: Likpakpaanl Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma

Konni kma

Northern region: West Mamprusi district, 5 villages, Nangruma and Yikpabongo largest, isolated, no roads. Users: 3,800 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kɔnni, Koma, Komung, Koni Autonym: Kɔmɩŋ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Buli-Koma

Kplang kph

Brong-Ahafo region: Sene district, south of Volta lake; Pru district, Yeji town. Users: 1,600 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Guang, Prang Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Krache kye

Volta region: Kete Krachi area near Nchimburu. Users: 83,000 (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kaache, Kaakyi, Kaakyɩ, Krachi, Krakye Autonym: Kaakye Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Kulango, Bondoukou kzc

Brong-Ahafo region: west of Wenchi. Users: 27,000 in Ghana (2003 GILLBT). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bonduku, Kolango, Koulango, Kulange, Kulango, Nkuraeng, Nkurange Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Kulango

Kulango, Bouna nku

Northern region: Bole district border area. Users: 15,500 in Ghana (1991). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bouna Koulango, Bouna Kulango, Buna Kulango, Nkuraeng Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Kulango

Kusaal kus

Upper East region: Bawku district. Users: 535,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. 350,000 Agole, 70,000 Toende (2004 SIL). Total users in all countries: 549,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kusaas, Kusaasi, Kusale, Kusasi Autonym: Kʋsaal Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast

Lama las

Northern region: between Tamale and Yendi. Users: Several hundred or perhaps thousands in Ghana (1996). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Lamba, Losso Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern

Larteh lar

Eastern region: Twi area south of Cherepon. Users: 107,000 (2017 J. Leclerc). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gua, Late, Lete Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang

Lelemi lef

Volta region: Jasikan district. Users: 72,000 (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Buem, Lɛfana, Lafana, Lefana Autonym: Lɛlɛmi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Lelemi-Akpafu

Ligbi lig

Brong-Ahafo region: Numasa east of Sampa. Users: 15,000 in Ghana (2003 GILLBT). Total users in all countries: 19,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banda, Dzowo, Jogo, Ligwi, Namasa, Nigbi, Nigwi, Tsie, Tuba, Weela, Weila, Wiila Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Jogo-Jeri, Jogo

Logba lgq

Volta region: southeast of Date. Users: 7,500 (2003). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Autonym: Ikpana Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Logba

Mampruli maw

Northern region: east and west of Gambaga; Upper East region: scattered border areas north of the White Volta river, between Pwalagu and Zongoiri. Users: 316,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. Total users in all countries: 326,000. Status: 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in northeast North Region. Alternate Names: Mampelle, Mamprule, Mamprusi, Mamprussi, Manpelle, Ngmamperli, Nmampurli, Ŋmampəlli Autonym: Ŋmampulli Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast

Mòoré mos

Users: 140,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest

Nafaanra nfr

Brong-Ahafo region: Jaman North, Jaman South, and Tain districts; Northern region: Bole district border area. Users: 89,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Banafo, Banda, Dzama, Gambo, Nafaara, Nafana, “Pantera-Fantera” (pej.) Autonym: Nafaanra Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Nafaanra

Nawdm nmz

Greater Accra region: scattered; Volta region: Ho and Kpando districts, scattered. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Naoudem, Naudm, Nawdam Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Yom-Nawdm

Nawuri naw

Northern and Volta regions: Lake Volta, mostly Oti river west bank branch, northeast of Katiajeli. Users: 14,000 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Nawuri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Nchumbulu nlu

Brong-Ahafo region: 3 villages west of Lake Volta near Kplang. Users: 1,800 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Nkami nkq

Eastern region: Afram Plains district, Amankwakrom. Users: 7,000 (2009 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Nkonya nko

Central Volta region: east of Lake Volta, north of Ahenkro. Users: 20,400 (2013 UNSD). 11,000 in the language area, the rest in the larger urban areas of Ghana. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Nkunya Autonym: Nkonya Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Ntcham bud

Northern region: Zabzugul Tantale district. Users: 169,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Basar, Basare, Basari, Bassar, Bassari, Ncam, Ncham, Tobote Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, Ntcham

Nyagbo nyb

Volta region: east of Afeyi. Users: 11,000 (2022 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nyangbo Autonym: Tutrugbu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Avatime-Nyangbo

Nzema nzi

Western region: Jomoro district. Users: 299,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Includes 27,800 Evalue (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 412,000. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Appolo, Nzima Autonym: Nzema Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Southern

Paasaal sig

Northern region: West Gonja district; Upper West region: 18 villages south of Tumu. Users: 53,000 (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Funsile, Pasaale, Pasaale Sisaala, Sisaala-Pasaale, Southern Sisaala Autonym: Pasaal Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Safaliba saf

Northern region: Gbenfu, Mandari, Manfuli, and Tanyire villages; Bote, Kalba, and Sawla town areas. Users: 5,000 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Safalaba, Safalba, Safali Autonym: Safale̱ba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest

Sekpele lip

Volta region: north of Hohoe. Users: 23,000 (Ameka 2007). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bosele, Likpe, Mu, Sekpelé Autonym: Sɛkpɛlé Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Likpe-Santrokofi

Selee snw

Volta region: Benua, Bume, and Gbodome villages northeast of Ahenkro. Users: 11,300 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Santrokofi, Sele, Sentrokofi Autonym: Bale Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Likpe-Santrokofi

Sisaala, Tumulung sil

Upper East region: Bulisa district; Upper West region: Tumu area east to Sisili river. Users: 105,000 (2003 GILLBT). 219,000 Sisaala (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Hissala, Isaalang, Isaalung, Issala, Sisai, Sisala Tumu Autonym: Isaalɩŋ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Sisaala, Western ssl

Upper West region: between Tumu and Lambusie. Users: 30,000 (2003 GILLBT). 219,000 Sisaala (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Busillu Sisala, Hissala, Isaalo, Issala, Sisai Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Siwu akp

Volta region: Mpeasem area north of Hohoé. Users: 71,900 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Akpafu-Lolobi, Lolobi-Akpafu, Mawu, Siwusi Autonym: Siwu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Lelemi-Akpafu

Tafi tcd

Volta region: north of Ho, near Togo border. Users: 4,400 (2003). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Tegbo Autonym: Tɛgbɔ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Avatime-Nyangbo

Tampulma tpm

Northern region: Damongo district, 25 villages south of Sisaala. Users: 16,000 (2003). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Tampele, Tamplima, Tampole, Tampolem, Tampolense, Tamprusi Autonym: Tampulma Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Tem kdh

Greater Accra region. Users: 134,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Cotocoli, Kotokoli, Temba, Tim, Timu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern

Tuwuli bov

Volta region: Volta lake east to Amanfro on Hohoe-Jasikan road. Users: 11,400 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bawuli, Boviri, Bowili, Bowiri, Bowuri, Luwuli, Tuwili Autonym: Tuwuli Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kposo-Ahlo-Bowili

Vagla vag

Northern region: Damongo district, near Sawla. Users: 13,900 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Konosarola, Paxala, Vagala Autonym: Vagla Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Wali wlx

Upper West region: Wa town; Northern region: northwest. Users: 84,800 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ala, Ouala, Waali, Wala Autonym: Waalii Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest

Wasa wss

Western region: mainly Wasa Amenfi West and Wasa Amenfi East districts. Users: 273,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Wasaw, Wassa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Akan

Yoruba yor

Users: 460,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Yoruboid, Edekiri