Mali

Languages

Arabic, Hasanya mey

Widespread. Users: 123,000 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Recognized language (1996, Law 96-049 of 14 December). Alternate Names: Hassani, Hassaniya, Hassaniyya, Maure, Mauri, Moor, Sahrawi, Sulaka, Suraka, Suraxxé Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

Arabic, Standard arb

Widespread. Users: 41,800 in Mali (2015 SIL), all users. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1992, Constitution, Article 25), used in education. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

Bamanankan bam

Bamako, Kayes, Koulikoro, and Ségou regions; Sikasso region: north, middle Niger river watershed. Users: 14,000,000 in Mali, all users. L1 users: 4,000,000 in Mali (2012 V. Vydrin), increasing. 75,000 Ganadugu (Vanderaa 1991), 164,000 Wasulu (2009 census). L2 users: 10,000,000 (2012 V. Vydrine). Total users in all countries: 14,187,540 (as L1: 4,187,540; as L2: 10,000,000). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Bamanankan serves as lingua franca everywhere, except for the northeastern part of the country. Bamanankan is the form of Jula [dyu] recognized by the Malian government. Used for travel, market, and business communication. Alternate Names: Bamanakan, Bambara Autonym: Bamanankan Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Northeastern Manding, Bamana

Bangime dba

Mopti region: Bandiagara circle, 7 villages. Users: 2,000 (Blench 2005). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bangande, Bangeri Me, Bangeri Me Dogon, Bangerime, Bangi Me, Dyeni, Elebo, Noumandan, Numadaw Classification: Language isolate

Bankagooma bxw

Sikasso region: Sikasso circle, 2 areas northeast of Sikasso town; Danderesso, 7 other townships. Users: 6,000 (2007 SIL). Ethnic population: 6,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banka, Bankagoma, Bankagoroma, Bankaje, Samogho Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Samogo

Bolon bof

Ségou region: San circle, 2 villages; Tominian circle, 7 villages. Users: 5,920 in Mali (1998 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bo, Boka, Boon, Boron Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding

Bomu bmq

Mopti region: Djenne circle; Ségou region: San circle, San area on Bani river south bank; Sikasso region: enclave along Burkina Faso border. Users: 297,000 in Mali (2018). Total users in all countries: 353,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Bo, Bobo, Bobo Wule, Boore, Boré, Mu Boomu, Western Bobo Oule, Western Bwamu, Western Red Autonym: Boomu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Bwamu

Bozo, Jenaama bze

Mopti region: Djenné and Mopti circles on Niger river, Tenenkou and Youwarou circles; Ségou region: Niger river, upstream from Mopti. Users: 197,000 in Mali (2003 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Boso, Corogaama, Djenaama, Nononke, Sarkanci, Sarkawa, Sorko, Sorogaama, Sorogoye Autonym: Sorogama Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Boso, Jenaama

Bozo, Kelengaxo bzx

Ségou region: Macina and Ségou circles, Ke-Maacina area upstream to Tamani, both sides of Niger river. Users: 30,000 (2009 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Boso, Hain, Hainyaxo Bozo, Hanyaxo, Kelenga, Kelengaxo, Kélinga, Kéllingua, Xan, Xanyaxo Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Boso, Eastern

Bozo, Tiemacèwè boo

Mopti region: Youwarou circle, where Niger river leaves Lake Debo, 6 villages. Users: 2,500 (1991). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Boso, Bozo, Tiema Ciewe, Tiemacewe, Tièma Cièwè, Tièma Cèwè, Tièmacèwè, Tié Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Boso, Eastern

Bozo, Tieyaxo boz

Mopti region: Tenenkou circle, northwest of Kouakourou town on Niger river; upriver into Ségou region: Machina circle. Users: 118,000 (1987 census). Population may include Tiemacèwè Bozo [boo] and Kelengaxo Bozo [bzx]. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Boso, Tie, Tiemaxo, Tigemaxo, Tiguémakho, Tiéyakho, Tyeyaxo, Tégué Autonym: Tieyaxo Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Boso, Eastern

Dogon, Ampari aqd

Mopti region: Bandiagara circle, Pignari commune, 16 villages. Users: 5,200 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ambeenge, Ampari, Pignari Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Ana Tinga dti

Mopti region: Koro circle, Diankabou township, Ana village. Users: 500 (2005 D. Douyon and R. Blench). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Bankan Tey dbw

Mopti region: Douentza circle, north Douentza town area, Walo village, other hamlets. Users: 1,320 (1998 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bankan Tey, Oualo, Walo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Ben Tey dbt

Mopti region: Douentza circle, 3 villages south of Douentza town. Users: 3,000 (2005 J. Heath). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ben Tey Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Bondum Dom dbu

Mopti region: Douentza circle, Borko village. Users: 24,700 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bondum-Dom, Najamba-Kindige Dogon Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Bunoge dgb

Mopti region: Bandiagara circle, Goundaka township, Boudou, Dakouma, and Sangou villages. Users: 1,000 (2005 D. Douyon and R. Blench). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Budu-Tagu, Bunoge, Korandabo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Dogul Dom dbg

Mopti region: 14 villages northeast of Bandiagara, Nandoli is center. Users: 15,700 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dogul-Dom Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Donno So dds

Mopti region: Bandiagara circle, area upstream on Yame river. Users: 45,300 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Donno, Donno So, Kamba So, Kamma So Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Jamsay djm

Mopti region: Koro circle near Burkina Faso border; southwest Koro circle, Kiri town, northwest to Douentza circle. Users: 130,000 in Mali (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dyamsay Tegu, Gamsaj, Jamsay Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Mombo dmb

Mopti region: Bandiagara circle, 27 villages from Bandiagara to Mopti. Users: 19,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kolu-so, Kolum-so, Pignari Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Nanga Dama nzz

Mopti region: Douentza circle, 9 villages northeast of Bamba town, southwest of Debere town. Users: 3,000 (2009 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nanga Dogon Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Tebul Ure dtu

Mopti region: Koro circle, Diankabou township. Users: 3,000 (2005 FEL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Oru yille, Tebul Ure Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Tene Kan dtk

Mopti region: northeast Bankass circle, near Koro circle border; into Bandiagara circle. Users: 127,000 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tene Kan, Tene Tingi, Tengu Kan, Togo Kan Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Tiranige Diga tde

Mopti region: Kendie, Lowol Gueou, and Pignari Bana townships on northeast Dogon plateau. Users: 4,200 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Duleri, Duleri Dom Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Tommo So dto

Mopti region: Diamnati, Kassa, Kendé, Kendié, Metoumou, Ondougou, Segué Iré, Tédié, and Wadouba townships. Users: 60,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tombo-So, Tommo So Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Tomo Kan dtm

Mopti region: Bankass circle far southwest; Ségou region: Tominian circle. Users: 133,000 in Mali (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tomo-Kan Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Toro So dts

Mopti region: Bandiagara and Koro circles, Bereli and Madougou town areas. Users: 50,000 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Bomu Tegu, Dogoso, Toro So Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Toro Tegu dtt

Mopti region: Douentza circle, Ouro Nguerou town area, 15 villages. Users: 2,900 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tandam Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Dogon, Yanda Dom dym

Mopti region: Koro and Bandiagara circles, southwest of Bamba town. Users: 2,000 (Blench 2005). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dogon, Yanda, Yanda Dom Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon

Duungooma dux

Sikasso region: Kadiolo and Sikasso circles; Bafini river north basin. Users: 150,000 (2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Du, Duungo, Mali Duun, Samogho, Samogo, Samoro, Western Duun Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Samogo

French fra

Users: 3,699,200 in Mali, all users. L1 users: 19,200 in Mali (2022). L2 users: 3,680,000 (Marcoux et al 2022). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1992, Constitution, Article 25). Alternate Names: Français Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French

Fulfulde, Maasina ffm

Widespread. Users: 1,040,000 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 1,523,240. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Fulani, Fulbe, Macina, Peul, Toucouleur Autonym: Fulfulde, Maasinankoore Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, West Central

Jahanka jad

Kayes region: Kéniéba circle, Kofoulabé, a few other villages. Users: 500 in Mali (2001), decreasing. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Diakhanke, Diakkanke, Dyakanke, Jahanque, Jahonque, Jakankalou Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding

Jalunga yal

Kayes region: Kéniéba circle, 3 enclaves. Users: 9,000 in Mali (2002 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Dialonke, Djallonke, Dyalonke, Jalonke, Jalunga xuwiina’, Jalunganéé, Jalungas, Yalunka, Yalunke Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Susu-Yalunka

Jowulu jow

Sikasso region: Kadiolo circle, Loulouni commune, 12 villages on Burkina Faso border. Users: 17,000 in Mali (2021 SIL), increasing. Ethnic population: 20,000 (2021 SIL). Total users in all countries: 18,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Jo, Samogho Autonym: Jowulu Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Samogo

Jula dyu

Mopti, Ségou, and Sikasso regions. Users: 388,000 in Mali, all users. L1 users: 110,000 in Mali (2018). L2 users: 278,000 (2013 SIL). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Used for travel, market, and business communication. Alternate Names: Dioula, Diula, Djula, Dyoula, Dyula, Julakan Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Northeastern Manding, Bamana

Kagoro xkg

Kayes region: Diema, northeast Kita, south Nioro circles; Koulikoro region: Kolokani and Nara circles; Ségou region: Kadiolo circle. 88 villages. Users: 15,000 (2001 V. Vydrin). Ethnic population: 30,000 (2001 V. Vydrin). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kakolo Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-West

Konabéré bbo

Sikasso region: east Yorosso circle, on Burkina Faso border; some in Ségou region. Users: 25,000 in Mali (2007 SIL). Few monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Black Bobo, Bobo, Bobo Da, Bobo Fi, Boboda, Konakuma, Kʋnabɩrɩ, “Bobo Fing” (pej.) Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Bobo

Koromfé kfz

Mopti region: Koro circle, 11 villages on Burkina Faso border. Users: 6,000 in Mali (2011 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Foula, Foulse, Koromba, Koromfe, Kurum-Korey, Tellem Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Kurumfe

Langue des signes de l’Afrique francophone ase

Scattered. Users: 25,000 in Mali (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 40,000–65,000 people with profound hearing loss in Mali (Nyst 2015), of which approximately half are assumed here to use LSAF [ase]. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: ASL, American Sign Language, LSAF, LSFA, Langue des signes franco-africaine, Malian ASL Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language

Malian Sign Language bog

Bamako capital district, other urban areas such as Kita, Mahina, Mopti, and Douentza, and some rural areas. Users: 25,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 40,000–65,000 people with profound hearing loss in Mali (Nyst 2015), of which approximately half are assumed here to use Malian Sign Language [bog]. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bamako Sign Language, LSM, LaSiMa, Langue des signes bambara, Langue des signes malienne Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language

Maninkakan, Eastern emk

Koulikoro region: Kati circle, into Kangaba circle, 5 communes; Sikasso region: Yanfolila circle. Users: 390,000 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Maninga, Maninka, Maninkakan, Maninkaxan Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Southeastern Manding

Maninkakan, Kita mwk

Bamako capital district; Kayes region: Kita circle except far east; Koulikoro region: west of Bamako; Ségou region: Baroueli circle. Users: 434,000 (2014 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Recognized language (1996, Law 96-049 of 28 December). Alternate Names: Central Malinke, Kita Maninka, Malinke Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-West

Maninkakan, Western mlq

Kayes region: Bafoulabé circle and Baking-Baloy drainage area; Kayes circle north to Kayes, north Kéniéba circle. Users: 433,000 in Mali (2009 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Malinka, Malinké, Northwestern Maninka, Western Malinke Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-West

Marka rkm

Mopti region: Bankass circle, south of Dialassagou town; Ségou region: northeast Tominian circle, along Burkina Faso border. Users: 50,800 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dafing, Marka-Dafin, Meka Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Marka-Dafin

Mòoré mos

Mopti region: Koro circle on Burkina Faso border, border area south of Koro town. Users: 46,700 in Mali (2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mole, More, Moshi, Mossi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest

Pana pnq

Mopti region: Bankass circle, Baye township, on Mali-Burkina Faso border. Users: 2,800 in Mali (1982 SIL), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sama Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern

Pulaar fuc

Kayes region: Diema, northwest Kayes, Nioro, and Yelimané circles; Koulikoro region: Banamba, north Kolokani, and Nara circles. Users: 276,000 in Mali (2018). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Peuhl, Peul, Pulaar Fulfulde Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, Western

Pular fuf

Kayes region: Kéniéba circle. Users: 50,000 in Mali (Vanderaa 1991). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Foula Fouta, Fouta Dyalon, Fulfulde Jalon, Fullo Fuuta, Futa Fula, Futa Jallon, Fuuta Jalon Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, West Central

Samo, Matya stj

Mopti region: Bankass circle, southeast Baye township, Dissa and 12 other villages. Users: 1,000 in Mali (2013 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Samogho, San, San Macaa, Sànán, Sã Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Samo

Sàmòmá knz

Mopti region: Koro circle, Dougoutene and Koro townships, about 12 villages, including Sougou, Zon, Ponghon, Gako, and Soyema. Users: 2,500 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kalamsé, Kalemsé, Kalenga, Sàmó Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern

Sénoufo, Mamara myk

Ségou region: Bla circle, scattered; Sikasso region: Koutiala and Yorosso circles. Users: 738,000 (2000). Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Bamaraga, Mamara, Mianka, Minianka, Miniyanka, Minya, Minyanka, Tupiire Autonym: Mamaara Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Suppire-Mamara

Sénoufo, Shempire seb

Sikasso region: Kadiolo circle, Bagoe river west bank to Cote d’Ivoire border, and Bafini river south bank. Users: 14,800 in Mali (2009 T. Requadt). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gbajere Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Suppire-Mamara

Sénoufo, Sìcìté sep

Sikasso region: Sikasso circle, 4 villages on Burkina Faso border. Users: 3,000 in Mali (2007 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Sucite, Sìcijuungé, Sìcìré, Sìcìté, Sìpììté, Tagba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Suppire-Mamara

Sénoufo, Supyire spp

Sikasso region: Sikasso circle, north from Sikasso city. Users: 350,000 (2007 SIL). 100,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 500,000 (2007 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sup’ide, Suppire Autonym: Supyire Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Suppire-Mamara

Sénoufo, Syenara shz

Sikasso region: Kadiolo circle. Users: 155,000 (2010 SIL), decreasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Senare, Senari, Shenara, Syenara Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Senari

Siamou sif

Bamako capital district. Users: 34,700 in Mali (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Seme

Songhay, Humburi Senni hmb

Mopti region: Douentza circle, between Gao and Mopti cities; Tombouctou region: Gourma-Rharous circle. Users: 15,000 in Mali (1999 J. Heath). Total users in all countries: 25,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Central Songai, Hombori Songhay, Songai, Songay Senni, Songhai, Songhay, Songhoy, Songoi, Songoy, Sonrai, Sonrhai Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern

Songhay, Koyra Chiini khq

Mopti region: Douentza and Youvarou circles; northeast Ségou region: Niono circle, northeast to Niger river; Tombouctou region: Niger river, both banks. Users: 200,000 (1999 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Songai, Songhai, Songhay, Songhoy, Songoi, Songoy, Sonrai, Sonrhai, Timbuktu Songhoy, West Songhoy Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern

Songhay, Koyraboro Senni ses

Gao region: Gao town area along Niger river; Tombouctou region: Niafunké to Niger border. Users: 430,000 (2007 SIL), increasing. 300,000 monolinguals (2007 SIL). Ethnic population: 850,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: East Songhay, Gao Songhay, Koyra Senni, Koyra Senni Songhay, Songai, Songay Senni, Songhai, Songhay, Songoi, Songoy, Sonrai, Sonrhai Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern

Soninke snk

Kayes region: Kayes, Nioro, and Yélimané circles; Koulikoro region: Banamba, Kolokani, Koulikoro, and Nara circles; Ségou region: Baraouéli and Ségou circles. 6 principal towns, 163 villages. Users: 1,280,000 in Mali (2009 census), increasing. Total users in all countries: 2,195,700. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Aswanek, Aswanik, Azer, Ceddo, Cheddo, Gangara, Genger, Kwara, Maraka, Marka, Markaajo, Markakan, Sarakole, Sarakolle, Sarakule, Sarakulle, Sarangkole, Sarangkolle, Saraxuli, Sebbe, Serahule, Serecole, Sooninke, Wakkore, Wankara Autonym: Sooninkanxanne Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Soninke

Tadaksahak dsq

Gao region: Menaka circle, west into Ansongo circle. Menaka is principal town. Users: 158,000 in Mali (2018), increasing. 70,000 youth are monolingual. Total users in all countries: 159,800. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Daosahaq, Daoussahaq, Daoussak, Dausahaq, Dawsahaq Autonym: Idaksahak Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Northern

Tamajaq ttq

Gao region: Menaka circle. Users: 420,000 in Mali (2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Təmajəq, Tahoua, Tajag, Tamajeq, Tamashekin, Tamasheq, Tomacheck, “Tourage” (pej.), “Tuareg” (pej.) Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Tamasheq, Southern

Tamashek tmh

Users: Population total all languages (L1 only): 2,360,700. Status:

Tamasheq taq

Widespread northeast: Gao, Kidal, and Tombouctou regions; Mopti region: Youvarou circle. Users: 378,000 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 500,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Tamachen, Tamashek, Tamashekin, Tomacheck, tamachèque, tamasagt, “Tuareg” (pej.) Autonym: Tǝmajǝq Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Tamasheq, Southern

Tebul Sign Language tsy

Mopti region: Koro Cercle, Diankabou township, Uluban village area. Users: 500 (2007 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Sign language, Shared sign language

Tondi Songway Kiini tst

Mopti region: Douentza circle, Kikara village northeast. Users: 3,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Songway Kiini, TSK Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern

Xaasongaxango kao

Kayes region: Bafoulabé, Kayes, and Kéniéba circles. Users: 700,000 in Mali (2012 V. Vydrin). Total users in all countries: 714,230. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1996, Law 96-049 of 14 December). Alternate Names: Kasonke, Kasso, Kasson, Kassonke, Khasonke, Khassonka, Khassonké, Malinke, Maninka, Xaasonga, Xasonga, Xasonke Autonym: Xasongo Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-West

Zarmaci dje

Gao region: Ansongo circle, 2 villages south of Menaka at Niger border. Users: 1,700 in Mali (2012 G. Davis). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Adzerma, Djerma, Dyabarma, Dyarma, Dyerma, Zabarma, Zarbarma, Zarma, Zarmaciine, Zerma Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern