Papua New Guinea

Languages

’Auhelawa kud

Milne Bay province: Sehuleya district, Normanby island. Users: 950 (2015 BTA). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: ’Urada, Kurada, Nuakata, Ulada Autonym: ’Auhelawa Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, Suauic

Abadi kbt

Central province: Kairuku district, 5 main villages. Users: 2,900 (Kassell and Potter 2011), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Gabadi, Kabadi Autonym: Abadi Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, West Central Papuan, Gabadi

Abau aau

Sandaun province: Green River district, Sepik and Green rivers. Users: 7,500 (Lock 2008), increasing. No monolinguals (Lock 2008). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Green River Autonym: Abau Classification: Sepik, Abau

Abom aob

Western province: Lewada, Mutam, and Tewara villages. Users: 3 (Rogers 2018). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Tirio

Abu ado

Madang and East Sepik provinces: between Angoram, Ramu, and Sepik rivers; northwest of Madang. 22 villages. Users: 4,200 (2000 census). 820 Sabu, 3,380 Abu. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Adjora, Adjoria, Azao Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Grass

Abu’ aah

East Sepik province: Maprik district, Mablep Rural LLG, ward 8; Sandaun province: Aitape district, East Aitape Rural LLG, wards 23, 24, 25. Users: 2,560 (2000). Ethnic population: 2,560 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Abu’ Arapesh, Ua Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Arapesh

Adzera adz

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantan Rural LLG border area; Morobe province: Markham district and valley, Leron river to Markham-Ramu divide. Users: 30,000 (2000 census). A few monolinguals, among the youngest and oldest. Ethnic population: 30,000 (2000 census). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Acira, Atsera, Atzera, Azera Autonym: Adzera Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Upper

Aeka aez

Oro province: Sohe district, Tamata rural LLG. Users: 3,400 (2007 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ajeka Autonym: Aeka Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, Nuclear Binanderean, South Binanderean, Orokaivan

Aekyom awi

Western province: Kiunga area. Users: 21,100 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 21,100 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aiwin, Akium, Awin, West Awin Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Awin-Pare

Agarabi agd

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantu district. Users: 27,000 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Agarabe, Bare Autonym: Agarabi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Gadsup-Auyana-Awa

Agi aif

Sandaun province. Users: 960 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Palei

Agob kit

Western province: Pahoturi river area and south coast. Users: 2,440 (2000 census). 1,440 Agob, 540 Ende, 460 Kawam. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Agob-Ende-Kawam, Dabu Classification: South-Central Papuan, Pahoturi

Aighon aix

West New Britain province: Gasmata and Mosa rural LLGs, Akolet and Avau inland, between Avio and Amgen rivers, to north side of Whiteman range. Users: 2,100 (2002 SIL), increasing. 100 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 2,100 (2002 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aigon, Eighon Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Pasismanua

Aiklep mwg

West New Britain province: Ais, Analo, Asailo, and Yumielo villages on southwest coast; inland, Aviklo island near Kandrian. Users: 3,700 (1991 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Agerlep, Eklep, Kaul, Moewehafen Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Arawe, West Arawe

Ainbai aic

Sandaun province: Vanimo district, south of Bewani station. 2 villages. Users: 100 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 370 (2011 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Ainba Classification: Border, Bewani

Aiome aki

Madang province: west of Madang town, scattered. Users: 1,790 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aren, Ayom Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Middle Ramu

Aisi mmq

Madang province: Ramu river west of Astrolabe bay. Users: 400 (Daniels 2015). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Musak Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Sogeram, East Sogeram

Ak akq

Sandaun province: Kwieftim village. Users: 10 (2017 SIL). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Sepik, Yellow River

Akolet akt

West New Britain province: south coast, and islands Awio bay area. Users: 1,970 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Arawe, East Arawe

Akoye miw

Gulf province: Kaberofe district, valleys between Nabo range and Albert mountains, Lohiki river. Most in a Kerema settlement. Users: 600 (2001 UNESCO), decreasing. Ethnic population: 600 (2001 UNESCO). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Akoinkake, Akoyi, Angoya, Lohiki, Mai-Hea-Ri, Maihiri, Obi Autonym: Akoye Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Akukem spm

Madang province: Bogia district, mountains east of lower Ramu river. Users: 800 (Weatherhead 2020). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sepen Autonym: Akɨghɨm Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Mikarew

Alamblak amp

East Sepik province: Angoram district. 9 villages on Middle Karawari and Wagupmeri rivers. Another dialect has 4 villages near Kuvanmas lake. Users: 1,000 (Coulter 2011). Ethnic population: 1,530 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Arambak Autonym: Alamblak Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Alamblak

Alekano gah

Eastern Highlands province: Goroka district, Goroka town area. Users: 40,000 (2008 SIL), decreasing. Ethnic population: 103,400 (2011 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Gafuku, Gahuku, Gahuku-Asaro, Gahuku-Gama, Gahukuq Autonym: Alekano Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Gahuku-Benabena

Amaimon ali

Madang province. Users: 1,780 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Okim Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles

Amako koz

Madang province. Users: 510 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Korak Autonym: Amako Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Kowan

Amal aad

East Sepik and Sandaun provinces: Wagana river, near confluence with Wanibe creek. Users: 830 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Alai Classification: Sepik, Iwam

Amam wer

Central province: Goilala district northeast; Morobe province: Wau district, Biaru, Ono, and Waria rivers’ headwaters. Users: 6,900 (2017 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Wele, Weli, Weri Autonym: Amam Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Goilalan, Kunimaipa

Amanab amn

Sandaun province: Amanab district. Users: 4,420 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 5,010 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Autonym: Awai Classification: Border, Waris

Amara aie

West New Britain province: northwest coast, Anepmate, Kaugo, Niuniuai, Siamatai, and Waramasalai villages. Users: 230 (2011 SIL), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bibling, Longa Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Amara

Ambakich aew

East Sepik Province: Angoram District; along the Porapora (Bien) and Keram Rivers. Users: 770 (Potter et al 2008). Ethnic population: 1,970 (Potter et al 2008). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Aion, Porapora Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Grass

Ambrak aag

Sandaun province: Nuku district. Users: 290 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Palei

Ambul apo

West New Britain province: Ambonge, Asepsep, Ayuvet, and Melenglo villages; south coast area islands between Andru and Johanna rivers. Users: 1,200 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Apalik, Palik Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Arawe, West Arawe

Ambulas abt

East Sepik province: Maprik district. Users: 33,000 (Aikhenvald 2004). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Abelam Autonym: Abulas Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Amele aey

Madang province: Madang district, hills up from Astrolabe bay, between Gum and Gogol rivers. 40 hamlets. Users: 5,300 (1987 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Amale Autonym: Amele Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Gum

Amio-Gelimi let

West New Britain and East New Britain provinces: east and Solomon sea coast. Kaskas island, Amio village (Amio dialect), Atui island and Poronga village (Gelimi dialect). Users: 2,000 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Amio, Atui, Gelimi, Lesing-Atui, Lesing-Gelimi, Poronga Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Arawe, East Arawe

Amol alx

Sandaun province: Nuku district. Users: 500 (2004 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Alatil, Aru, Eru, Mol, Oru Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Palei

Amto amt

Sandaun province: Amanab and Rocky Peak districts, Amto, Amu and Habiyon villages south of Upper Sepik river, toward Left May river headwaters on Samaia river. Users: 500 (2013 SIL). Ethnic population: 500 (2013 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Amto-Musan

Anam pda

Madang province: Josephstaal area villages. Users: 1,070 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Pondoma Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Josephstaal, Pomoikan

Anamuxra imi

Madang province: northwest of Josephstaal. Users: 1,960 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Anamgura, Ikundun, Mindivi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Josephstaal, Pomoikan

Andai afd

East Sepik province: Karawari rural district. Andambit, Awarem, Imboin, Kaiyam, Kupini, and Namata mountain villages; Arafundi and Wagupman rivers’ head. Users: 440 (Kassell et al 2017). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Anday, Pundungum, Wangkai Classification: Arafundi

Andarum aod

Madang province. Users: 2,100 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Tanggu

Andra-Hus anx

Manus province: Andra and Hus islands. Users: 1,500 (2018 SIL). 500 in Pohon Kol Andra, 1000 in Idioh (2018 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ahus, Ha’us Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, East

Anem anz

West New Britain province: northwest coast and inland. Users: 830 (Paris et al 2012b). Ethnic population: 830 (Paris et al 2012b). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Yele-West New Britain, West New Britain

Aneme Wake aby

Oro province: Afore district, both sides of Owen Stanley range; Central province: north from Ianu along Domara and Foasi creeks. Users: 650 (1990 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Abia, Abie Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Yareban

Angaataha agm

Morobe province: Menyamya district. Users: 2,500 (2015 BTA). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Angaatiha, Angaatiya, Angataha, Langimar Autonym: Angaataha Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Angaatiha

Angal age

Southern Highlands province: Mendi area, north into Mendi valley, west into Lai valley, east bank, west of Mount Giluwe. Users: 18,600 (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: East Angal, Mendi Autonym: Angal Heneng Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Angal-Kewa

Angal Enen aoe

Southern Highlands province: south of Nipa, north of Erave river, east of Lake Kutubu, west of Lai valley. Users: 34,400 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Nembi, South Angal Heneng, South Mendi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Angal-Kewa

Angal Heneng akh

Southern Highlands province: south of Kandep and Margarima, north of Lake Kutubu, west of Lai valley. Users: 40,000 (1994 V. Schlatter). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Agarar, Augu, Katinja, Wage, West Angal Heneng, West Mendi Autonym: Angal Heneng Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Angal-Kewa

Angor agg

Sandaun province: Amanab district. 11 villages. Users: 1,500 (Litteral 2004). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Anggor, Senagi, Wan, Watapor Classification: Senagi

Angoram aog

East Sepik province: Angoram district, lower Sepik river area. Users: 8,220 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kanda, Olem, Pondo, Tjimundo Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Lower Sepik, Angoram

Anjam boj

Madang province: Astrolabe Bay district. Users: 2,020 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bogadjim, Bogajim, Bogati, Bom, Lalok Autonym: Anjam Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Mindjim

Ankave aak

Gulf province: Kerema district, Mbwei and Swanson valleys’ rivers. Users: 1,500 (Bonnemère 2014). Ethnic population: 1,500 (Bonnemère 2014). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Angave, Ankave-Anga Autonym: Aga pɨ’ne’ Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Anor anj

Madang province. Users: 980 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Middle Ramu

Anuki aui

Milne Bay province: north coast, Cape Vogel. Users: 630 (Landweer 2010). Ethnic population: 900 (Landweer 2010). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gabobora Autonym: Anuki Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Anuki

Ap Ma kbx

East Sepik province: Angoram district. Users: 10,000 (2010 PBT). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ap Ma Botin, Botin, Kambot, Karaube Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Kambot

Apal ena

Madang province: Aiome district, upper Ramu river area. Users: 980 (2003 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Apali, Emerum Autonym: Apalɨ Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Sogeram, Central Sogeram

Aramba stk

Western province: Morehead subprovince, southwest of Suki. Users: 750 (Evans et al 2018). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Arammba, Serki, Serkisetavi, Upper Morehead Autonym: Aramba Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Tonda

Are mwc

Milne Bay province: Cape Vogel tip. Users: 1,700 (2015 BTA). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mukawa Autonym: Are Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Are

Ari aac

Western province: Ari and Serea villages; Aramia river area. Users: 50 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 1,650 (2011 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Gogodala-Suki, Gogodala

Aribwatsa laz

Morobe province: Butibum and Kamkumun villages, lower Wamped river. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in 1997 (Wurm 2007). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Aribuacha, Lae, Lahe Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Lower, Busu

Aribwaung ylu

Morobe province: Yalu village; lower Markham valley. Users: 500 (2008 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,200 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aribwaungg, Jaloc, Yalu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Lower, Busu

Aro tei

East Sepik province: Maprik district; Sandaun province: west of Kombio. 5 villages. Users: 520 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Anamagi, Lou, Torricelli Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Kombio

Arop-Lokep apr

Madang province: Saidor district, Long and Crown islands (Arop dialect); Morobe province: Siassi district, Tolokiwa island and northwest tip of Umboi island (Lokep dialect). Vitiaz Strait, Siassi chain, 4 islands. Users: 4,500 (D’Jernes 2013), increasing. Few monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Arop-Lukep, Lukep, Moromiranga, Siasi, Siassi, Tolokiwa Autonym: Arop-Lokep Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Korap

Aruamu msy

Madang province: Bogia district, between Ramu river and Bogia town. Users: 12,000 (2018 PBT). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ariawiai, Makarub, Makarup, Mikarew, Mikarew-Ariaw, Mikarup Autonym: Aruamɨn Akam Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Mikarew

Aruek aur

Sandaun province: north of Yessip Mission; East Sepik province. Users: 740 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Djang Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Kombio

Aruop lsr

Sandaun province. 6 villages. Users: 800 (2004 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lau’u, Lauisaranga, Lawu Srenge, Srenge Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Palei

Asa’a kyy

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantu district. Users: 3 (2016 SIL). Ethnic population: 500 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Kambaira Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Kambaira

Asaba seo

Sandaun province: Telefomin district, Kenu river hamlets; Om river tributary. Near Duranmin airstrip. Users: 300 (Lancey and Little 2016). Ethnic population: 300 (Lancey and Little 2016). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Akiapmin, Asabano, Duranmin, Suarmin Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Papi

Asaro’o mtv

Madang province: Bagen, Baru, Somek, and Subura; some in Mur; possibly Kasu; southeast of Saidor. Users: 1,250 (2003 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Morafa Autonym: Asarɨ’o Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Warup

Askopan eiv

Bougainville province: south central mountains. Users: 5,000 (2000 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eivo, Eiwo Autonym: Askopan Classification: North Bougainville, Rotokas

Au avt

Sandaun province: Lumi district, Torricelli mountain foothills. 19 villages. Users: 8,000 (2000 census). 1,600 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Au Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Auwe smf

Sandaun province: Amanab district, Simog and Watape villages. Users: 410 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Simog Classification: Border, Waris

Avau avb

West New Britain province: south coast and islands around Gasmata. Users: 620 (2002 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Awau Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Arawe, East Arawe

Awa awb

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantu and Okapa districts. Users: 2,050 (2003 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mobuta Autonym: Ahwa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Gadsup-Auyana-Awa

Awad Bing bcu

Madang province: Astrolabe Bay area, west of Saidor. 7 villages. Users: 1,450 (2000 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Awad Gey, Biliau, Bing, Samang, Sengam Autonym: Awad Bing Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Bel, Astrolabe

Awar aya

Madang province: Bogia district, Hansa bay coast. 3 villages. Users: 900 (2013 PBT). Ethnic population: 1,200 (2013 PBT). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Ottilien, Bosmun-Awar

Awara awx

Morobe province: Lae district, near the Wantoat [wnc] language area. Users: 1,800 (Quigley and Quigley 2011), increasing. 630 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,800 (Quigley and Quigley 2011). Status: 5 (Developing). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Wantoat

Awiyaana auy

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantu and Okapa districts. 15 villages. Users: 11,100 (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Auyana Autonym: Awiyaana Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Gadsup-Auyana-Awa

Awtuw kmn

Sandaun province: Galkutua, Gutaiya, Kamnom, Tubum, and Wiup villages. Users: 700 (2014 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,000 (2014 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Autu, Kamnum Classification: Sepik, Ram

Awun aww

Sandaun province: Yakeltim village east of Namia. Users: 400 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Auwon, Awon Classification: Sepik, Yellow River

Ayi ayq

Sandaun province: southeast corner, Wan Wan division. 3 villages. Users: 430 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Autonym: Ayi Classification: Sepik, Tama

Aziana gat

Eastern Highlands province: Wonenara district, Wonenara area. 3 villages. Users: 1,000 (2004 Ethnos360). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ganati, Kenathi, Kenati Autonym: Aziana Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu

Bagupi bpi

Madang province: Gogol river headwaters, west of Mabanob, northwest of Madang town. Users: 50 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 75 (2000 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Bahinemo bjh

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, Hunstein range, south of Sepik river. 4 villages. Users: 700 (Dye and Dye 2012). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bahenemo, Gahom, Inaru, Wogu, Yigai Autonym: Bahinemo Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Bahinemo

Baibai bbf

Sandaun province: Amanab district. Users: 340 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Fas

Baimak bmx

Madang province: west of Madang city. Users: 650 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Baiyamo ppe

Sandaun and East Sepik provinces: Frieda river area; Paupe village. Users: 220 (2011 census). Ethnic population: 220 (2011 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Papi, Paupe Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Papi

Bamu bcf

Gulf province: Turama river mouth south bank; Western province: Bamu river from mouth to confluence of Wawoi and Guavi rivers, lower Wawoi, Guavi and Gama rivers, Sagero creek to its mouth at Fly river. Users: 6,310 (2000 census). 960 Gama. Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Bamu Kiwai, Kiwai Autonym: Bamu Owera Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kiwaian

Bannoni bcm

Bougainville province: Empress Augusta Bay coast, between Aruma and Puriata rivers. Users: 4,500 (2000 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banoni Autonym: Tsunari Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Piva-Banoni

Barai bbb

Central province: Rigo district, Rigo Inland RLLG, west of Moni river; Oro province: Afore district, Managalas plateau; Itokama, Madokoro, Naokanane, and Umuate villages (Birarie dialect). Users: 3,500 (2015 BTA). Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Barai Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Koiarian, Baraic

Baramu bmz

Western province: Baramura, Tapila, Tirio, and Tirio 2 villages; lower Fly river south bank. Users: 850 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Tirio

Bargam mlp

Madang province: Madang district, North Coast road opposite Karkar island. Users: 4,000 (2006 SIL). Ethnic population: 6,640 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mugil, Saker Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Mugil

Bariai bch

West New Britain province: east of Cape Gloucester, northwest coast. Users: 1,400 (Gallagher 2008). Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Bariai Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Ngero, Bariai

Bariji bjc

Oro province: Bariji river south bank. Users: 460 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aga Bereho Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Yareban

Barikewa jbk

Gulf province: Omati river. Users: 320 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Iba Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Turama-Kikorian, Kaser

Barok bjk

New Ireland province: south central, east and west coasts. 15 villages. Users: 2,740 (Du 2010). 1,000 Usen (Du 2010), 1,740 Nabo (2000 census). Ethnic population: 7,000 (Du 2010). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kanalu, Kanapit, Kolube, Komalu, Kulubi Autonym: Barok Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Madak

Baruga bjz

Oro province: Tufi district, west Musa and Bariji rivers flood plains; Gaina [gcn], Bariji [bjc], and Yareba [yrb] language areas on south and west borders, Dyke Ackland bay is north; Ewage-Notu (Okeina dialect) [nou], Ambe Tofo, Korafe-Mokorua, Miniafia-Arifama, Ubir [ubr], and Maisin [mbq] villages on the east. Users: 2,230 (2003 SIL), increasing. 800 Tafota, 990 Bareji, 440 Mado. 200 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Baruga Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, Nuclear Binanderean, South Binanderean, Coastal Binanderean, Baruga

Bauni bpe

Sandaun province: West Aitape LLG, Barupu, Pou, and Warapu villages. Users: 2,220 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 2,220 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Barapu, Barupu, Warapu Autonym: Bauni Classification: Skou, Skou-Serra-Lagoon, Serra Hills, Lagoon

Bauwaki bwk

Oro province: south of Moni river; into Central province: Amau river. Users: 520 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bawaki Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Mailuan

Bebeli bek

West New Britain province: Stettin Bay, Cape Hoskins area. Users: 3,130 (Bullock et al 2013). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Banaule, Beli, Benaule, Kapore, Yangura Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Arawe, East Arawe

Bedamuni beo

Western province: east of Nomad; into Southern Highlands province. Users: 5,000 (Minnegal and Dwyer 2006). Ethnic population: 12,000 (Fleming 2019). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Beami, Bedamini, Biami, Mougulu, Piame Autonym: Bedamuni Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Bosavi

Beli bey

Sandaun province: west of Mehek. Users: 2,200 (2000). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Akuwagel, Makarim, Mukili Classification: Torricelli, Maimai, Beli

Benabena bef

Eastern Highlands province: Goroka district. Users: 45,000 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bena, Bena Bena, Holupaga, Holupaka Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Gahuku-Benabena

Bepour bie

Madang province: Bogia district, south of lower Kumil river and Sikor. Users: 50 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 340 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kumil-Tibor, Kumil

Berinomo bit

East Sepik province: April river, Bitara and Kagiru villages. Users: 350 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Berinmo, Bitara Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Bahinemo

Biage bdf

Oro province: Sohe district, Kokoda RLLG, along Owen Stanley range foothills and mountains. Users: 1,100 (2009 S. Cott). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Koiarian, Koiaric

Biangai big

Morobe province: Wau district, Bulolo river headwaters. 7 villages. Users: 6,230 (Halvaksz 2020). 700 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Biangai Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Goilalan, Kunimaipa

Biem bmc

East Sepik province: Bam, Blupblup, Kadovar, and Viai islands east of Wewak. Users: 3,000 (2012 NTM). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bam Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Kairiru-Manam, Manam

Bilakura bql

Madang province: Madang district, headwaters of Gilagil river, due east of Kosilanta. Users: 34 (Wurm 2007). Ethnic population: 42 (2000 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Karian Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Numugen, Karian-Usan-Yaban

Bilbil brz

Madang province: coast just south of Madang town. Users: 1,250 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bilibil Autonym: Bel Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Bel, Nuclear Bel, Northern

Bimin bhl

Western province: large area west of Strickland river; Sandaun province: Telefomin district, Oksapmin RLLG; Southern Highlands province: small border area south of Umanapi. Users: 2,250 (2003 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Bimin Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Ok-Awyu, Ok, Mountain

Bina bmn

Central province: north of Baibara. Users: No known L1 speakers. Extinct by late 20th century. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, Oumic, Magoric

Binahari bxz

Central province: Cloudy Bay hills range inland. Users: 630 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Binahari-Neme Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Mailuan

Binandere bhg

Oro province: along Eia, Gira, Kumusi, and Mamba rivers; between Iwaia and Sowara villages on coast; some in Morobe province. Users: 7,000 (2007 SIL). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Ioma Binandere Autonym: Binandere Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, Nuclear Binanderean, Binandere

Bine bon

Western province: Daru district, south of Fly river. Users: 2,050 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Oriomo, Pine Autonym: Bine Classification: Eastern Trans-Fly

Binumarien bjr

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantu district. Users: 1,200 (van Dasselaar 2019). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Binamarir, Binumaria Autonym: Afaqinna ufa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Tairora

Bipi biq

Manus province: west coast, Maso, Matahei, and Salapai villages, Bipi and Sisi islands. Users: 1,380 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Sisi-Bipi Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, West

Bisis bnw

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, between Lower Salumei river and Chambri lake, Hunstein range. 3 villages. Users: 3,500 (2013 Ethnos360). Ethnic population: 5,000 (2013 Ethnos360). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Yambiyambi, Yembiyembi Autonym: Bises Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Bahinemo

Bisorio bir

East Sepik province: Bisorio, Gadio, and Iniai villages; Karawari, Korosameri, and Wagupmeri rivers’ headwaters. Users: 260 (2003 SIL). 50–100 Bikaru. Ethnic population: 500 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Iniai, Inyai-Gadio-Bisorio Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Enga

Bitur mcc

Western province: Bisuaka, Kasimap, Petom, Tewara and Upiara villages; south bank and inland of Fly river. Users: 860 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bituri, Dudi, Mutum, Paswam Autonym: Bitur Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Tirio

Biwat bwm

East Sepik province: lower and middle Yuat river. Users: 3,040 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Munduguma, Mundugumor, Mundukumo Classification: Yuat

Biyom bpm

Madang province: southeast of Gende. Users: 650 (2011 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sasime Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Biyom-Tauya

Blafe bfh

Western province: Indorodoro village is center; west of Nambo [ncm] language area. Users: 550 (Evans et al 2018). 350 Blafe, 200 Ránmo (Evans et al 2018). Ethnic population: 960 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Blafe Wonana, Indorodoro, Tonda Autonym: Mblafe, Ránmo Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Tonda

Bo bpw

Sandaun province: Bo, Kaumifi, Kobaru, and Nigyama Umarita villages; East Sepik province: Sandaun province border area, near Right May river. Heart of Western Range. Users: 300 (2021 NTM). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Po, Sorimi Classification: Arai (Left May)

Bo-Ung mux

Western Highlands province: Hagen, Lower Kaugel, and Tambul districts. Users: 30,000 (Head 2010). 10,000 in Ku Waru (Rumsey et al 2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mbo-Ung, Mboung Autonym: Bo-Ung Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Hagen, Kaugel

Bogaya boq

Hela province: Koroba Lake Kopiago district; Western province: large area east of Strickland river; North Fly district, Olsobip and Nomad RLLGs. Users: 300 (2007 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bogaia, Pogaya Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Duna-Bogaya

Boikin bzf

East Sepik province: Yangoru district. Users: 35,000 (Aikhenvald 2004). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Boiken, Nucum, Yengoru Autonym: Yangoru Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Bola bnp

West New Britain province: Willaumez peninsula northeast coast, Harua east of Kimbe. Users: 13,700 (2000 census). 2,250 Harua. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bakovi, Talasea, Valupai Autonym: Bola-Bakovi Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, Willaumez

Bongu bpu

Madang province: Astrolabe bay, Rai coast. Users: 1,000 (2021 D. Daniels). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Mindjim

Bonkiman bop

Madang and Morobe provinces. Users: 150 (Slotta 2014). Ethnic population: 230 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Yupna

Borong ksr

Morobe province: Finschhafen district, central Huon peninsula between Kuat and Burum rivers. 5 villages and 5 hamlets, Lae and others. Users: 2,200 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 2,500 (2001 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Naama Autonym: Boroŋ Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Eastern

Boselewa bwf

Milne Bay province: Fergusson island north shore. Users: 880 (2011 census). Ethnic population: 880 (2011 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bosalewa, Bosilewa, Lagota, Mwani’u Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Dobu-Duau

Bosmun bqs

East Sepik province; Madang province: Bogia district, lower Ramu river. 5 villages. Users: 1,725, all users. L1 users: 1,700 (2013 PBT). L2 users: 25 (2013 PBT). 260 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,800 (2013 PBT). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bosman, Bosngun Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Ottilien, Bosmun-Awar

Bouni suo

Sandaun province: West Aitape Rural LLG, Sumo village; south of Sera coast. Users: Ethnic population: 550 (2000 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bouni-Bobe, Sumo Classification: Skou, Skou-Serra-Lagoon, Serra Hills, Lagoon

Bragat aof

Sandaun province: 4 villages. Users: 460 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Alauagat, Yauan Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Palei

Brem buq

Madang province: including Bunabun village. Users: 1,190 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Barem, Bububun, Bunabun, Bunubun Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Manep-Barem

Breri brq

Madang province: Middle Ramu district, Arabaka LLG. Users: 4,500 (2020 Ethnos360). 3,500 Kwanga, 1,000 Misingi (2020 Ethnos360). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Iski, Mbñioŋko Autonym: Bnyoqko Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Tamolan

Buang, Mangga mmo

Morobe province: Mumeng district, Lae and Moresby, mid-upper Snake river area. Users: 1,500 (2011 SIL), decreasing. Ethnic population: 3,130 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kaidemui, Manga Buang Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Buang

Buang, Mapos bzh

Morobe province: Mumeng district, middle Snake river area. 10 villages. Users: 7,000 (2001 UNESCO). 1,400 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Buang, Central Buang Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Buang

Budibud btp

Milne Bay province: Budibud islands. Users: 200 (Senft 2020). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nada Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Kilivila-Louisiades, Kilivila

Bugawac buk

Morobe province: Huon gulf coast. Central-Western dialect: Buhalu, Cape Arkona, Hec, Tikeleng, Wideru villages; Eastern dialect: Bukawasip, Ulugidu; South Western dialect: Asini, Busamang; Western dialect: Lae city villages. Users: 12,000 (2011 W. Eckermann). 4,800 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 12,500. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bukaua, Bukawa, Bukawac, Kawa, Kawac, Yom Gawac Autonym: Bugawac Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, North

Buhutu bxh

Milne Bay province: Alotau district, Sagarai valley, East tip of Papua. Users: 1,500 (2001 UNESCO), increasing. 300 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 1,500 (2001 UNESCO). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bohutu, Buhulu, Siasiada, Yaleba Autonym: Buhutu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, Suauic

Bukiyip ape

East Sepik province: west Yangoru district, Torricelli mountains; Sandaun province: Attape Lumi district. Users: 16,200 (2003 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bukiyúp, Mountain Arapesh Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Arapesh

Bulu bjl

West New Britain province: Willaumez peninsula, Buludaba and Bulumuri villages. Users: 910 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, Willaumez

Bun buv

East Sepik province. Users: 480 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Yuat

Buna bvn

East Sepik province: Angoram district. Users: 750 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Torricelli, Marienberg

Bunama bdd

Milne Bay province: Esa’ala district, south Normanby island. Users: 4,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kelelegeia Autonym: Bunama Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Dobu-Duau

Bungain but

East Sepik province. Users: 3,600 (2003 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Torricelli, Marienberg

Burui bry

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, Sepik plains south of Maprik, Burui village, north of Pagwi. Users: 260 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Bwaidoka bwd

Milne Bay province: Bolubolu district, west Fergusson island, south tip of Goodenough island. Users: 7,640 (2019 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bwaidoga Autonym: Bwaidoka Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Bwaidoga

Bwanabwana tte

Milne Bay province: Bwanabwana district, southeast Basilaki island, Engineer islands, Kitai island, Laseinie islands, Ware island. Users: 2,400 (2007 SIL), increasing. 720 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Bwanabwana, Tubetube Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, Suauic

Chambri can

East Sepik province: marsh dwellers east and north of Sepik Hill area, southeast shore and Chambri lake island. 4 villages. Users: 800 (Foley 2016). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tchambuli, Tshamberi Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Lower Sepik, Chambri

Changriwa cga

East Sepik province. Users: 690 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Yuat

Chenapian cjn

East Sepik province: Sepik river west of Wogamusin. 1 village. Users: 180 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chenap, Tsenap, Zenap Classification: Sepik, Wogamusin-Chenapian

Chini afi

Madang province: Middle Ramu district. 2 villages. Users: 60 (Brooks 2018b). 20 Andamang, 40 Akrukay (Brooks 2018b). Ethnic population: 350 (Brooks 2018a). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Akrukay, Wɨrkŋɨ, gwɨrkŋɨ, ŋgɨgɨ ɨrkŋɨ Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Tamolan

Chuave cjv

Chimbu province: Chuave district, Elimbari LLG; Eastern Highlands province: Lufa district, Lufa Station. Users: 26,000 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Tjuave Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Chimbu

Daantanai’ lni

Bougainville province: Kieta district, Piruneu’ and Warana villages; Crown Prince range east slope, Kreiowo and Tavatava rivers’ headwaters, east-south-east of Koromira Point. Users: 600 (2007 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lantanai Classification: South Bougainville, Nasioi

Dadibi mps

Chimbu province: Karimui district, Tua river system; Southern Highlands province: Kagua-Erave district, southeast corner, 28 villages; Jiwaka province: southern extremity, South Waghi LLG. Users: 12,600 (2000 census). 1,000 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Daribi, Karimui Autonym: Dadibi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Teberan

Daga dgz

Central province: Abau district; Milne Bay province: Rabaraba district; Oro province: some southeast. Users: 9,000 (2007 SIL), increasing. 4,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 10,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Dimuga, Nawp Autonym: Daga Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Dagan

Dambi dac

Morobe province: Mumeng district. Users: 350 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 400. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mumeng Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Buang, Mumeng

Danaru dnr

Madang province: Usino Rural LLG, Ward 16, Danaru village. Users: 260 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 500 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Maiya Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Peka

Dano aso

Eastern Highlands province: Goroka district. Users: 30,000 (1987 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Asaro Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Gahuku-Benabena

Daonda dnd

Sandaun province: Amanab district near Imonda. Users: 170 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 170 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dawonda Classification: Border, Waris

Dawawa dww

Milne Bay province: Rabaraba district, west and inland from Wedau. Users: 2,280 (2000 census). 500 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Dawana Autonym: Dawawa Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Kakabai

Dedua ded

Morobe province: Sialum district, Masaweng and Tewae rivers’ headwaters, south of Mount Besenona. 19 villages. Users: 6,500 (2000 census), increasing. No monolinguals above age 20. Ethnic population: 6,500 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Dedua Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Eastern

Degenang dge

Madang province: Rai coast, Seure and Sel villages. Users: 790 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,200 (2020 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Degenan, Dingana Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Warup

Dia dia

Sandaun province. Users: 1,840 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Alu, Galu, Metru Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Dibiyaso dby

Western province: Bamustu, Makapa, and Pikiwa villages. Users: 1,950 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bainapi, Dibiasu, Pikiwa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Bosavi

Dima jma

Milne Bay province: east of Moi bay coast almost to Posaposa Harbor; Ruaba river area. Users: 750 (2001 SIL). 115 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bayu Dimadima, Dimadima, Jimajima, Jimjam Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Dagan

Dla kbv

Sandaun province: Amanab district, Faringi river area. Users: 900 in Papua New Guinea (de Sousa 2006). 760 Dla, 140 Menggwa Dla in Papua New Guinea. All Dla speakers: 1,200 (de Sousa 2006). Ethnic population: 1,470 (2000 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Awe, Dera, Dra, Kamberataro, Kamberatoro, Komberatoro, Mangguar Classification: Senagi

Dobu dob

Milne Bay province: Esa’ala district, Dobu, parts of Fergusson, Normanby, and Sanaroa islands. 500 villages. Users: 61,000, all users. L1 users: 10,000 (1998 SIL). L2 users: 51,000 (2021). 6,000 monolinguals. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Native to Papua New Guinea. Adopted as a lingua franca around 19th century by the Wesleyan Mission. Spoken in central Massim, Southeast Fergusson, north Normanby, and the offshore islands of Dobu, Sanaroa, and Tewara. Used in trade, agriculture, fishing, hunting, gold mining, church, and music. Alternate Names: Dobuan Autonym: Dobu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Dobu-Duau

Doga dgg

Milne Bay province: Cape Vogel north coast. Users: 140 (Landweer 2010). Ethnic population: 260 (Landweer 2010). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Magabara Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Are

Doghoro dgx

Oro province: Tufi district, Bendorode and Sebagha villages on Bariji and Musa river flood plains. Users: 270 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dogoro Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, Nuclear Binanderean, South Binanderean, Coastal Binanderean, Baruga

Doloman mhf

Morobe province: Mama village. North-northwest of Uri [uvh] and west of Finongan [fag] language areas. Users: 12 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 380 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Mama, Mamaa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Erap

Dom doa

Chimbu province: mainly south of Wahgi river from Kundiawa west. Users: 16,000 (Tida 2006). Ethnic population: 16,000 (Tida 2006). Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Dom Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Chimbu

Domu dof

Central province: coast east of Cape Rodney and inland. Users: 950 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dom Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Mailuan

Domung dev

Madang province: Rai Coast district, Aunon, Ayengket, Bobongat, Dirit, Gabutamon, Kian, Kosit, Maramung, Maum, Sibgou, Swantan, Tapen, and Wokopop villages. Users: 2,000 (Slotta 2014). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Yupna

Doromu-Koki kqc

Central province: Inland Rigo district, south of Mount Obree, west of Mount Brown. Users: 2,000 (2018 SIL). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Dorom, Doromu, Koki Autonym: Doromu-Koki Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Manubaran

Doso dol

Western province: Aramia river and Wawoi falls areas, near Kamula [xla] language area. Users: 2,390 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Unclassified

Duau dva

Milne Bay province: Normanby and Sawabwala islands. Users: 5,000 (2004 SIL). 1,000 monolinguals (2004). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Dobu-Duau

Dubuporo ynl

Madang province: east of Erima. Users: 910 (2016 J. Claussen). Ethnic population: 910 (2016 J. Claussen). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Yangulam Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Nuru

Dumo vam

Sandaun province: Vanimo district; 5 villages. Users: 2,700 (2011 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Duso, Manimo, Vanimo, Wanimo Autonym: Dumo Classification: Skou, Skou-Serra-Lagoon, Nuclear Skou, Eastern Skou

Dumun dui

Madang province: Astrolabe bay south coast, Gowar river mouth, west of Dein, and its lower course. Users: 120 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bai Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Yaganon

Duna duc

Hela province: Koroba and Lake Kopiago districts, east from Strickland river; Enga province: Paiela-Hewa RLLG. Users: 20,000 (San Roque 2015). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Yuna Autonym: Yunaya haga Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Duna-Bogaya

Duwet gve

Morobe province: Busu river area. Users: 400 (2011 SIL), increasing. No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 450. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Guwet, Guwot, Waing Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Lower, Busu

Edolo etr

Hela province: Tari district; Western province: Nomad district, southwest of Mount Sisa. 16 villages. Users: 1,670 (2000 census). 300 monolinguals (2015 A. Grosh). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Edolo Ado, Etolo, Etoro Autonym: Edolo Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Bosavi

Eibela ail

Southern Highlands province: southwest corner, Mount Bosavi area; Western province: Lake Campbell area. Most moved to Western province: Wawoi falls area. Users: 300 (Aiton 2016). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aimele, Kware Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Bosavi

Eitiep eit

East Sepik province: southwest of Kombio; Sandaun province: across Bongos river. Users: 500 (2003 SIL), decreasing. No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 500 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Kombio

Elepi ele

East Sepik province: Samap coast area. Users: 330 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Blabla, Samap Classification: Torricelli, Marienberg

Elkei elk

Sandaun province. Users: 1,640 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Olkoi Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Elu elu

Manus province: Manus island north coast. Users: 570 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Admiralitäts-inseln, Elle, Ere Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, East

Enga enq

East Sepik province: Angoram district; Enga province: eastern 2 thirds; Southern Highlands province: border area near Winja; Western Highlands province: Mul-Baiyer Station district, Baiyer LLG. Users: 370,000, all users. L1 users: 300,000 (Gibbs 2011). L2 users: 70,000 (2021). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Caga, Tchaga, Tsaga Autonym: Eŋa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Enga

English eng

Widespread. Users: 832,000 in Papua New Guinea, all users. L1 users: 132,000 in Papua New Guinea (2019 World Factbook). L2 users: 700,000 (2021). Status: 1 (National). De facto national language. Used as LWC in the southern part of the country. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English

Ere twp

Manus province: Drabitou, Hatwara, Loi, Lohe, Londru, Metawari, Pau, Piterait, and Taui-Undrau villages on south coast. Users: 1,400 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Londru Autonym: Ede Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, East

Ese mcq

Oro province: Popondetta district, Kawawoki Mission area. Users: 10,000 (2000 SIL). 4,000 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 10,000 (2001 UNESCO). Status: 5 (Developing). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Koiarian, Baraic

Essono sso

Sandaun province: Aitape district, Sissano area. Users: 3,530 (2011 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sinama, Sinano, Sisano, Sissano Autonym: Essono Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Siau

Ewage-Notu nou

Oro province: Popondetta district, coast between Bakumbari and Pongani. Users: 12,000 (2015 BTA). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Notu-Ewage, “Ewage” (pej.), “Notu” (pej.) Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, Nuclear Binanderean, South Binanderean, Coastal Binanderean, Notu

Faiwol fai

Western province: Tabubil district, Fly and Palmer rivers’ headwaters; Sandaun province: Telefomin district, Yapsie RLLG. Users: 3,270 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Faiwol Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Ok-Awyu, Ok, Mountain

Fanamaket bjp

New Ireland province: Namatanai Rural LLG, Muliama, Sena, and Warangansau villages. Users: 1,080 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Maket, Tangga Autonym: Fanamaket Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Fasu faa

Southern Highlands province: Nipa district; Gulf province; Western province: Kikori river. Users: 1,100 (San Roque and Loughnane 2012). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Namo Aporo, Namome Autonym: Nāmo Mé Classification: Trans-New Guinea, West Kutubu

Fembe agl

Western province: Upper Strickland river. Users: 500 (Minnegal and Dwyer 2017). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Agala, Febi, Sinale Classification: Trans-New Guinea, East Strickland

Finongan fag

Morobe province: Huon and Nawae districts. Users: 1,140 (2006 SIL). 40 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,140 (2006 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Finungwa, Finungwan Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Erap

Fiwaga fiw

Southern Highlands province: northeast of Tama. Users: 300 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Fimaga, Fiwage Classification: Trans-New Guinea, East Kutubu

Foi foi

Southern Highlands province: east and south of Lake Kutubu and Mubi river. Users: 7,000 (Weiner and Niles 2015). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mubi River Autonym: Foe Classification: Trans-New Guinea, East Kutubu

Foia Foia ffi

Western province: Middle Fly district, Bibisa village; Gulf province: Kikori district, Turama river, Moka village. Users: 180 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 260 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Foiafoia, Foyafoya Autonym: Foia Foia Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Inland Gulf, Minanibai

Folopa ppo

Gulf province: Baimuru district, Kerabi valley; Southern Highlands province. 20 villages. Users: 3,200 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Foraba, Podoba, Podopa, Polopa Autonym: Folopa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Teberan

Forak frq

Madang province: Saidor district, Mamgak village, west and inland from Seure on the coast. Users: 280 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 400 (2020 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mamgak, Porak Autonym: Forak Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Warup

Fore for

Eastern Highlands province: Okapa district. Users: 30,200 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Fore

Fulumu bbd

Madang province: Ambenob Rural LLG, 10 villages. Users: 3,150 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bau, Efu, Leh, Muag, Udun Autonym: Fulumu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Gum

Fuyug fuy

Central province: Goilala district, Owen Stanley range; Oro province: Kokoda Rural LLG. Users: 14,000 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 14,000 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Fujuge, Fuyuge, Fuyughe, Mafufu, Mafulu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Goilalan, Fuyug

Gadsup gaj

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantu district; Morobe province: Markham district, west of district headquarters Mutzing town. Users: 22,100 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Gadzub Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Gadsup-Auyana-Awa

Gaikundi gbf

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, Sepik Plains south of Maprik, east of Pagwi. Users: 1,200 (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Gaikunti Autonym: Gaikundi Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Gaina gcn

Oro province: Ijivitari district, Iwuji village area, inland from Solomon sea. Users: 1,410 (Dutton 1971). 1,000 in Bareji, 130 in Gaina. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, Nuclear Binanderean, South Binanderean, Coastal Binanderean, Gaena-Korafe

Gal gap

Madang province: Gogol river. Users: 340 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Baimak, Weim Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Gala nud

East Sepik province: Ambunti district. 1 village. Users: 150 (Aikhenvald 2018). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kara, Ngala, Sogap, Swagup Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Galeya gar

Milne Bay province: Fergusson island, Esa’ala district, Duduna, Gameta, Lau’oya, Momo’awa, Sebutuya, and Ulua wards. Users: 2,620 (2000 census). 790 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Garea Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Dobu-Duau

Gamane bmp

Madang province: Astrolabe bay inland on east end of south coast, on lower Nankina river. Users: 150 (2016 J. Claussen). Ethnic population: 150 (2016 J. Claussen). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bulgebi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Warup

Ganglau ggl

Madang province. Users: 470 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 640 (2016 J. Claussen). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Yaganon

Gants gao

Madang province. Users: 2,500 (Daniels 2015). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gaj, Ganj Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Sogeram, East Sogeram

Gapapaiwa pwg

Milne Bay province: Makamaka district, Cape Vogel south coast, inland on Ruaba river. Users: 3,000 (2007 SIL), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Manape Autonym: Gapapaiwa Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Are

Garus gyb

Madang province: Astrolabe bay. Users: 2,650 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ate, Em, Kurupi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Gavak dmc

Madang province: Madang district, Basken, Dawo, Dindareng, Malan, Pagin, and Segar villages. Users: 3,820 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 3,890 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bosiken, Boskien, Dimir Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert

Gebusi goi

Western province. Users: 1,000 (Knauft 2016). Ethnic population: 1,000 (Knauft 2016). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gobasi, Nomad Classification: Trans-New Guinea, East Strickland

Gedaged gdd

Madang province: Bagabag, Karkar, Sek, and Yabob islands, Astrolabe bay, Madang coastal villages area. Users: 6,950 (2003 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bel, Graged, Mitebog, Ragetta, Rio, Sek, Siar, Siar-Ragetta, Szeak-Bagili, Tiara Autonym: Gedaged Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Bel, Nuclear Bel, Northern

Gende gaf

Madang province: Usino Bundi district, near Bundi. Users: 3,230 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bundi, Gendeka, Gene Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Gende

Ghayavi bmk

Milne Bay province: Alotau district, Weraura LLG, north coast Goodenough bay, Uga west to Wadobuna east, including Rabaraba. Users: 2,810 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Boanai, Boanaki, Boianaki, Boinaki, Galavi Autonym: Ghayavi Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Are

Gimi gim

Chimbu province: border area; Eastern Highlands province: Okapa district. Users: 23,200 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Labogai Autonym: Gimi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Fore

Gimi gip

West New Britain province: southwest coast and inland, Anu to Johanna rivers. Users: 2,960 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Loko Autonym: Gimi Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Arawe, West Arawe

Ginuman gnm

Central province: Abau district, Amazon RLLG; Milne Bay province: Mount Simpson to Naraka coast, Goodenough bay. Users: 1,440 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dime Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Dagan

Girawa bbr

Madang province: Upper Ramu district. Users: 3,630 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bagasin, Begasin, Begesin Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Kokon

Gitua ggt

Morobe province: Huon peninsula north coast. Users: 900 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 900 (2000 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gitoa, Kelana Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Ngero, Tuam

Gizrra tof

Western province: South Fly area, Barnap, Kulalae, Kupere, Ngomtono, and Waidoro villages northeast of Torres Strait, Saibai island. Users: 1,050 (2002 SIL). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Gizra, Toga Autonym: Gizrra Classification: Eastern Trans-Fly

Gnau gnu

Sandaun province: Namblo census division, northwest of Maimai. Users: 1,330 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Gogodala ggw

Western province: Fly River north bank, Aramia river. 35 villages. Users: 26,000 (Evans et al 2018). Ethnic population: 26,000 (Evans et al 2018). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Gogodara Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Gogodala-Suki, Gogodala

Golin gvf

Chimbu province: Gumine district. Users: 51,100 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Gollum, Gumine Autonym: Golin ka Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Chimbu

Goodenough, West ddi

Milne Bay province: Goodenough island west coast. Users: 2,650 (2000 census). 440 monolinguals. Status: 4 (Educational). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Bwaidoga

Gorakor goc

Morobe province: Mumeng district, including Yanta. Users: 2,470 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Buang, Mumeng

Gorovu grq

East Sepik province: Angoram district, Ramu river, Bangapela village; Madang province: Bogia district, Iabu RLLG. Users: 20 (Wurm 2007), decreasing. Ethnic population: 630 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Gorova, Yerani Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Grass

Guhu-Samane ghs

Oro province: Sohe district, Kanoma and Sidema villages north; Morobe province: Lae district; Waria river headwaters. Users: 12,000 (Bjorkman and Ttopoqogo 2002), increasing. Ethnic population: 13,500. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bia, Mid-Waria, Muri, Paiawa, Tahari Autonym: Guhu-Samane noo Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Guhu-Samane

Gumalu gmu

Madang province. Users: 580 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Gum

Gumawana gvs

Milne Bay province: Esa’ala district, Amphlett Islands, about 25 islands north of Fergusson. 7 villages. Users: 370 (2001 UNESCO), increasing. 90 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 370 (2001 UNESCO). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Domdom, Gumasi, Gumasila Autonym: Gumawana Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Gumawana

Guramalum grz

New Ireland province. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the early 1990s (1987 SIL). Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Guya gka

Madang province: 20 km west of Seure. Users: 130 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Guiarak, Guyarak Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Warup

Gwahatike dah

Madang province: Saidor district, several villages south of Saidor. Users: 1,570 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dahating, Gwatike Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Warup

Gweda grw

Milne Bay province: Alotau district, Maramatana local council area, Garuwahi village. Users: 26 (2001 SIL). Ethnic population: 310 (2001 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Garuwahi Autonym: Gweda Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Taupota

Hahon hah

Bougainville province: northwest. Users: 3,000 (2014 B. Palmer). Ethnic population: 3,000 (2014 B. Palmer). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hanon Autonym: Rautsuiiri Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Nehan-North Bougainville, Saposa-Tinputz

Haigwai hgw

Milne Bay province: Alotau district, Huhu local government area, inland from Milne Bay head between Hagita and Waigani estates and mountains west. Users: 1,060 (2000 census). 160 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Garaghwaghi, Kapulika, Naura Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Taupota

Hakö hao

Bougainville province: North Bougainville district, northeast Buka island. Users: 12,000 (Kenneth 2015), increasing. Ethnic population: 12,000 (Kenneth 2015). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Haku Autonym: Hakö Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Nehan-North Bougainville, Buka, Halia

Halia hla

Bougainville province: North Bougainville district, Buka island east coast; Selau peninsula, Cartaret Islands. Users: 25,000 (2005 SIL), increasing. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Tasi Autonym: Halia Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Nehan-North Bougainville, Buka, Halia

Hamtai hmt

Gulf province: Kukipi district, Tauri river inland east to Ladedamu river; Morobe province: Lae district, Kodama range into Bulolo-Watut divide, to Mount Grosse and north to Mount Taylor. Users: 45,000 (1998 T. Palmer). Ethnic population: 66,000 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Hamday, Kamea, Kapau, Watut, “Kukukuku” (pej.) Autonym: Hamtai Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Hanga Hundi wos

East Sepik province: Pagwi district. 16 villages. Users: 7,200 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kwasengen, West Wosera Autonym: Hanga Hundi Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Haruai tmd

Madang province: southwest Mid-Ramu district, west Schrader range, west of the Kobon [kpw] language area. Users: 2,000 (2000 SIL). Many monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Harway, Taman, Waibuk, Wiyau, Wiyaw, Wovan Autonym: Haruai Classification: Piawi

Heiyoho auk

East Sepik province: Aumbunti Dreikker district; Sandaun province: Nuku district. Users: 1,500 (Diaz 2018). Ethnic population: 2,700 (2000 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Arima, Arinua, Arinwa, Heyo, Lolopani, Ruruhip, Wan Wan, Wanib Autonym: Heiyoho Classification: Torricelli, Maimai, Maimai Proper

Hermit llf

Western Manus province: Hermit Islands, Luf and Maron islands. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speaker likely died in the early 1990s (1992 SIL). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Agomes, Luf, Maron Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, West

Hewa ham

Enga province: Lagaip district; Sandaun province: Telefomin district; Hela province: Koroba district; Lagaip river area, mountains north of Duna [duc] and Ipili [ipi] language areas; south of Lagaip river northward to Central range high peaks (boundary between Sepik region and the highlands). Users: 4,800 (2014 SIL). 1,600 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 4,800 (2014 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Sisimin, Taduaguay, Yoliapi Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Sanio

Hoia Hoia hhi

Western province: Middle Fly district, Ukusi-Koparamio village. Users: 80 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 120 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hoiahoia, Ukusi-Koparamio Hoyahoya Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Inland Gulf, Minanibai

Hoyahoya hhy

Western province: Middle Fly district, Matakaia village. Users: 95 (2000 census), decreasing. Ethnic population: 130 (2000 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Hoiahoia, Hoya Hoya, Matakaia Hoyahoya Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Inland Gulf, Minanibai

Huli hui

Enga province: south fringe; Hela province: Tari area. Users: 200,000 (Gould 2011), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Huli-Hulidana, Huri Autonym: Huli Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Huli

Humene huf

Central province: lower Sogeri plateau; plain between Gaire and Kapakapa villages. Manugoro is principal village. Users: 940 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Kwalean

Hunjara-Kaina Ke hkk

Oro province: Kokoda RLLG. Users: 8,770 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, Nuclear Binanderean, South Binanderean, Orokaivan

I’saka ksi

Sandaun province: Krisa and Pasi villages; near Mt. Asowa. Users: 420 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,000 (Donohue and San Roque 2004). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Isaka, Krisa Classification: Skou, I’saka

Iamalele yml

Milne Bay province: Bwaidoka district, west Fergusson island. Users: 3,480 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Yamalele Autonym: Vona Ubuvala Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Bwaidoga

Iatmul ian

East Sepik province: Ambunti and Angoram districts, Sepik river, Tambunum to Japandai, Kundungay area villages. Users: 8,440 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Big Sepik, Gepma Kwudi, Gepma Kwundi, Ngepma Kwundi Autonym: gepmakudi Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Idi idi

Western province: northwest of Agob [kit], east of Nambo [ncm] language areas; Dimsisi, Sibidiri, Dimiri villages. Users: 1,610 (2000 census). 780 Idi, 800 Tame. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Diblaeg, Dimisi, Dimsisi, Tame Classification: South-Central Papuan, Pahoturi

Idio mft

Manus province: north Los Negros island, Ndrilo island, Mokareng village. Users: 360 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Idien, Mokareng, Mokerang, Mokoreng Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, Mokoreng-Loniu

Iduna viv

Milne Bay province: Esa’ala district, north coast, Goodenough island. Users: 6,000 (1984 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bonada, Vivigana, Vivigani Autonym: Bona Iduna Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Bwaidoga

Igana igg

Madang province: west of Josephstaal. Users: 200 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 260 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Iski Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Tamolan

Ikobi meb

Gulf province: south of Kibirowi island, upper Omati and Middle Turama rivers’ areas. Users: 1,570 (2009 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ikobi Kairi, Ikobi-Mena, Kasere, Kopo-Monia, Meni, Wailemi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Turama-Kikorian, Kaser

Imbongu imo

Southern Highlands province: Ialibu district. Users: 30,000 (Head 2010). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ibo Ugu, Imbo Ungo, Imbo Ungu, Imbonggo Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Hagen, Kaugel

Imonda imn

Sandaun province: Amanab district, near Imonda airstrip. Users: 250 (1994 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Border, Waris

Inapang mzu

East Sepik province; Madang province: Josephstaal subdistrict. Users: 4,000 (2016 Ethnos360). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Midsivindi Autonym: Inapang Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Tamolan

Inoke-Yate ino

Eastern Highlands province: Okapa district. Users: 10,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Inoke, Jate, Yate Autonym: Inoke-Yate Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Kamano-Yagaria

Ipiko ipo

Gulf province: Ipiko and Pahemuba villages on Pie river beyond Baimuru. Users: 600 (2016 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Epai, Higa, Ipikoi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Inland Gulf, Ipiko

Ipili ipi

Enga province: Porgera patrol–post area. Users: 26,000 (2002 SIL), increasing. 13,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ipili-Paiela, Ipili-Payala Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Enga

Isabi isa

Eastern Highlands province: Goroka district, Goroka Urban LLG; Madang province: Usino Bundi district, Bundi LLG. Users: 280 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Maruhia Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Isabi

Isebe igo

Madang province: Madang district, Gum river north bank, west of Madang town. Users: 1,180 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Balahaim Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Gum

Iwal kbm

Morobe province: Lae district, between Salamaua and Wau. Users: 2,100 (2011 SIL). Ethnic population: 2,300. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kaiwa Autonym: Iwal Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Kaiwa

Iwam iwm

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, Sepik river, Iyomempwi and Mowi villages; May river villages and surrounding lakes and tributaries to Premai village. Users: 3,000 (1998 NTM). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: May River, May River Iwam Classification: Sepik, Iwam

Iwam, Sepik iws

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, Sepik river villages, lagoons north and south, Iniok village downstream to Leonard Schultze river. Users: 2,500 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Yawenian Classification: Sepik, Iwam

Iyo nca

Madang province: Finisterre mountains’ south slopes along Nahu and Bure rivers; north slopes along Kipuro and Kasang rivers; Morobe province: northwest Markham district. Users: 6,900 (Minter 2009). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bure, Nabu, Naho, Nahu, Ndo Autonym: Iyo Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Gusap-Mot

Jilim jil

Madang province. Users: 650 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Nuru

Juwar mwb

East Sepik province: south southeast of Wewak. Users: 700 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,400 (2000 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Juwal Classification: Torricelli, Marienberg

Kaiep kbw

East Sepik province: Kep and Taul coast area. Users: 200 (Wurm 2007). Ethnic population: 650 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Samap, Sumup Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Kairiru-Manam, Kairiru

Kairak ckr

East New Britain province: Ivere and Malabunga villages on Gazelle peninsula. Users: 900 (2012 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Neu-Pommern Classification: East New Britain, Baining

Kairiru kxa

East Sepik province: Wewak district, Kairiru, Karesau, and Yuo islands; mainland coastal villages between Cape Karawop and Cape Samein; north and west Mushu island. Users: 2,500 (Ross 2002b). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Autonym: Kairiru Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Kairiru-Manam, Kairiru

Kakabai kqf

Milne Bay province: Alotau district, Suau and Weraura LLGs, inland villages, Papua eastern tip. Users: 900 (2003 SIL). 135 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Igola, Igora Autonym: Kakabai Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Kakabai

Kaki Ae tbd

Gulf province: Auri, Kupiano, Kupla, Lou, Ovorio, and Uriri villages southeast of Kerema. Users: 630 (Potter et al 2015). Ethnic population: 660 (Potter et al 2015). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lorabada, Lou, Raepa Tati, Tate, Tati Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Eleman, Tate

Kala kcl

Morobe province: Alẽso, Apoze, Kamiali, Kui, Lambu, and Manidala villages. Users: 2,200 (2011 SIL). Ethnic population: 3,000. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Apoze, Gela, Kela, Kelana, Laukanu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, North

Kalam kmh

Madang province: Ramu district; Western Highlands province: Hagen district, Jimi river north side into Kaironk valley. Users: 20,000 (Pawley et al 2011). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Aforo, Karam, Kotp, Monmon, Mseŋ Autonym: Kalam Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Kalam-Kobon

Kalou ywa

Sandaun province: Sepik Iwam area, northwest of Hauna. Users: 1,370 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Yawa Classification: Sepik, Tama

Kaluli bco

Southern Highlands province: Muluma sub-district; Western province: Mount Bosavi northern and western slopes. Users: 3,100 (2015 SIL). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Bosavi Autonym: Kaluli Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Bosavi

Kamano kbq

Eastern Highlands province: Henganofi and Kainantu districts. Users: 80,000 (Drew et al 2005). Status: 6b (Threatened). Autonym: Kamano-Kafe Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Kamano-Yagaria

Kamasa klp

Morobe province: Katsiong census unit area. Users: 7 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 160 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Kamasau kms

East Sepik province: Wewak district. Ghini dialect: Wandomi, Wobu and Yibab; Hagi dialect: Kenyari; Segi dialect: Kamasau, Tring, and Wau villages. Users: 960 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Autonym: Wand Tuan Classification: Torricelli, Marienberg

Kamula xla

Western province: Wawoi Falls area, Kamiyami village; Aramia river area, Keseki and Somokopa. Users: 1,100 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 1,100 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Wawoi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kamula

Kanasi soq

Milne Bay province: Rabaraba district, from Mount Thomson, main range river valleys. Users: 2,460 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sona Autonym: Kanasi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Dagan

Kandas kqw

New Ireland province: Danop, Kait, King, Palangot, Semalu, and Watpi villages on southwest coast. Users: 1,400 (2010 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,460 (2010 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kadas, King Autonym: Kandas Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Kandawo gam

Chimbu province: isolated border areas; Madang province: Usino-Bundi district, Bundi LLG; Western Highlands province: Hagen district, upper Jimi headwaters, Mount Wilhelm slopes. Users: 4,000 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Narake Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Jimi

Kanggape igm

Madang province: Bogia district, west of Tanggu. Users: 1,840 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Igom Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Tanggu

Kaniet ktk

Manus province: Anchorite and Kaniet islands. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last known speaker died by 1950. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Western

Kaningra knr

East Sepik province: Blackwater river south of Kuvanmas lake. 2 villages. Users: 330 (Sumbuk 2006). Ethnic population: 330 (Sumbuk 2006). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kaningara Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Alamblak

Kaninuwa wat

Milne Bay province: Sivesive village and 1 other; 2 villages north of Goodenough island. Users: 600 (2020 SIL). 400 monolinguals (2020 SIL). Ethnic population: 800 (2020 SIL). 100 or so live outside language area. Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Kaokao, Wataluma Autonym: Kaninuwa Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Are

Kanite kmu

Eastern Highlands province: Okapa district. Users: 9,300 (2019 Wycliffe Bible Translators). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Kanite Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Kamano-Yagaria

Kanja pep

Western province: extreme southwest. Users: 350 (Evans et al 2018). Ethnic population: 400 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kunja, Kánchá, Kénzä, Lower Morehead, Peremka, Thundai-Kanza Autonym: Kanja Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Tonda

Kap ykm

Sandaun province: between Paup and Yakamul coast; Ali, Angel, and Seleo islands. Users: 3,460 (2003 SIL), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ali, Yakamul Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Siau

Kapin tbx

Morobe province: Bulolo and Mumeng districts; hills southwest of Mumeng, 5 villages; Lae and Wau settlements. Users: 3,500 (2002 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Katumene, Sambio, Taiak, Tayek Autonym: Nambei nyon Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Buang

Kapriman dju

East Sepik province: Blackwater and Korosameri rivers. 6 villages. Users: 1,340 (Sumbuk 2006). Ethnic population: 1,340 (Sumbuk 2006). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mugumute, Sare, Wasare Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Bahinemo

Kara leu

New Ireland province: north New Ireland district. Users: 5,870 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lemakot, Lemusmus Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Lavongai-Nalik

Karami xar

Gulf province; Western province: border area northeast of Tao-Suamoto. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speaker survived into the 1950s (Wurm 2007). Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Inland Gulf, Minanibai

Karawa xrw

Sandaun province: Lumi district, Pulwa village. Users: 63 (2003 SIL), decreasing. No monolinguals (2007 SIL). Ethnic population: 130 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Bulawa Classification: Sepik, Ram

Karawari tzx

East Sepik province: near Chambri, lower Karawari river. 9 villages. Users: 3,000 (Telban 2017). Ethnic population: 3,000 (Telban 2017). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ambonwari, Tabriak Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Lower Sepik, Karawari

Kare kmf

Madang province. Users: 470 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Kare

Karkar-Yuri yuj

Sandaun province: Amanab district, Papua, Indonesia border area. Users: 1,310 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Yuri Autonym: Karkar Classification: Pauwasi, Eastern

Karnai bbv

Morobe province: 4 mainland villages near Wasu, 3 on southwest Umboi island. Users: 520 (Raymond 2005). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Autonym: Karnai Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Korap

Karore xkx

West New Britain province: Kandrian district, between Andru and Johanna rivers. Users: 550 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 930 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Pasismanua

Kasua khs

Gulf province: West Kikori RLLG, 6 villages; Southern Highlands province: east and south of Mount Bosavi; Western province: Olosobip RLLG. Users: 580 (2000 SIL). 240 monolinguals (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 580 (2000 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Autonym: Kasua Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Bosavi

Kâte kmg

Morobe province: Finschhafen district. Users: 61,000, all users. L1 users: 20,000 (2011 M. Muhujupe). L2 users: 41,000 (2021). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Established as a church language by the Lutherans in the early 1900s. Currently an LWC in the Huon peninsula. Alternate Names: Kai, Kâte Dong Autonym: Kâte dâŋ Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Eastern

Kaulong pss

West New Britain province: Kandrian district, southwest. Users: 4,000 (2000 D. Tryon). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kowlong, Pasismanua Autonym: Kaulong Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Pasismanua

Kawacha kcb

Morobe province: Katsiong census unit east of Ampale. Users: 12 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 160 (2000 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Kawatsa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Kayan kct

Madang province: Bogia district, Kayan village; coast east of Ramu river. Users: 780, all users. L1 users: 740 (2013 PBT). L2 users: 40 (2013 PBT). Ethnic population: 790 (2013 PBT). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kaian, Kayan Na Yon Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Ottilien, Watam

Keapara khz

Central province: coast east of Hood peninsula to Lalaura west of Cape Rodney. 3 villages. Users: 19,400 (2000 D. Tryon). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Keopara Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, Sinagoro-Keapara

Kein bmh

Madang province: Trans-Gogol district. Users: 1,750 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bemal Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Kokon

Kele sbc

Manus province: Buyang, Droia, Kawaliap, Koruniat, and Tingau on south coast inland. Users: 1,460 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gele’ Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, East

Keoru-Ahia xeu

Gulf province: Purari river mouth east to Bairu river west of Kerema. Users: 5,970 (2000 census). Keoru: 5070, Ahia: 710, Pairi: 190. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ahia, Ahiave, Haura, Haura Haela, Horo, Houro, Hovoiroro, Hovoyo, Ke’oru, Keuro, Keuru, Kouri, Lavau, Lower Ahia, O’o Moko, Pairi, Velepa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Eleman, Nuclear Eleman, Western

Kerewo kxz

Gulf province: Omati river west bank, east and inland to Samoa village. Users: 1,090 (2011 SIL). Population represents speakers living in their language area. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kerewa, Kerewa-Goari Autonym: Kerewo Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kiwaian

Kewapi, East kjs

Southern Highlands province: Ialibu and Kagua districts. Users: 50,000 (2004 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: East Kewa, Kewa, Kewapi Autonym: adaa agale Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Angal-Kewa

Kewapi, West kew

Southern Highlands province: Kagua and Mendi districts. Users: 45,000 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Pasuma, West Kewa, adaa agaa, adaa agale Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Angal-Kewa

Keyagana kyg

Eastern Highlands province: Henganofi and Okapa districts. Users: 11,500 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ke’yagana, Keiagana, Keigana Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Kamano-Yagaria

Khehek tlx

Manus province: Soparibeu district, Bucho, Levei and Ndrehet villages. Users: 1,620 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Levei-Drehet, Levei-Ndrehet Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, West

Kibiri prm

Gulf province: Kikori district, Babaguina, Doibo, Ero, Paile, Tipeowo, and Wowa villages near Aird Hills, Kikori river tributaries. Users: 1,180 (2011 SIL). 900 Porome, 280 Kibiri. Ethnic population: 1,360 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gibiri, Polome, Porome Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kiwaian

Kilivila kij

Milne Bay province: Trobriand Islands. Users: 40,000 (Senft 2020). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kiriwina Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Kilivila-Louisiades, Kilivila

Kilmeri kih

Sandaun province: Vanimo district near Ossima. 15 villages. Users: 1,970 (2004 SIL), decreasing. Ethnic population: 2,800 (2004 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Kilmera Classification: Border, Bewani

Kinalakna kco

Morobe province. Users: 305 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 330. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Kire geb

Madang province: Bogia district, lower Ramu, Garati village area. Users: 2,500 (2003 PBT). Ethnic population: 2,500 (2003 PBT). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Gire, Giri, Kire-Puire Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Mikarew

Kis kis

East Sepik province: south southeast of Samap, inland from the coast. Users: 220 (2000 D. Tryon). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Kairiru-Manam, Manam

Kiunum wei

Western province: Dewala village. Users: 700 (2002 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Were, Weredai Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Tirio

Kiwai, Northeast kiw

Gulf province. Users: 6,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Urama-Kope Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kiwaian

Kiwai, Southern kjd

Western province: Fly river delta, Fly river north bank. Users: 20,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kiwai Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kiwaian

Kobon kpw

Madang province: Middle Ramu district; Western Highlands province: Kaironk river, lower Jimi river area north of Mount Hagen. Users: 10,000 (2007 SIL), increasing. 4,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Kobon Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Kalam-Kobon

Kobuka urg

Madang province: Ramu river, 50 km downstream from Dumpu. Users: 1,500 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kopuka, Origanau, Urigina, Uriginau Autonym: Kobuka, Wakoro Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Peka

Kodut, Middle mpl

Morobe province: Mumeng district, lower Watut valley, Babuaf (Madzim and Singono), Bencheng, Dungutung, and Marauna villages. Users: 1,700 (Carter et al 2014). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Maraliinan, Maralinan, Middle Watut, Silisili, Watut Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Watut

Kodut, North una

Morobe province: Mumeng district, Kaiapit area, Waffa valley, Mafanazo, Onom (Morom), and Uruf villages. Users: 630 (Carter et al 2014). Ethnic population: 900. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: North Watut, Onank, Unangg, Unank, Watut Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Watut

Kodut, South mcy

Morobe province: lower or south Watut river, Bulaprik (Gumots), Dangal, Maralangko, Sanang, Wawas and Zinimb villages. Users: 730 (Carter et al 2014). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: South Watut Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Watut

Koiali, Mountain kpx

Central province: Kairuku-Hiri district, Hiri RLLG; National Capital District, Barai, and Efogi, and Koiari villages north of Koita. Users: 4,000 (2000 census). 2,000 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mountain Koiari Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Koiarian, Koiaric

Koiari kbk

Central province: east of Port Moresby to coast, Sinnuma reservoir area; National Capital District, eastern portion. Users: 4,300 (2001 SIL). 3,000 Lahada, 500 Omani, 800 Hogeri. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Grass Koiari Autonym: Koiari Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Koiarian, Koiaric

Koita kqi

Central province: Kairuku-Hiri district, Hiri and Kairuku RLLGs; National Capital District, Port Moresby and north, west and southeast. Users: 3,000 (2001 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Autonym: Koita Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Koiarian, Koiaric

Koiwat kxt

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, Kamangaui, Koiwat, Paiambit, and Seraba villages between Munguma and Nagam rivers. Users: 800 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Sawos Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Kol kol

East New Britain province: Pomio district, Open bay inland to Waterfall bay coast. Most on island’s south side. Users: 4,930 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kola, Kole Classification: Language isolate

Koluwawa klx

Milne Bay province: Fergusson island northwest tip. Users: 950 (Guderian and Guderian 2005). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kalokalo Autonym: Koluwawa Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Bwaidoga

Komba kpf

Morobe province: Kabwum district. Selepet [spl] language area is northwest, Timbe [tim] language area is west, Saruwaged mountains south, and Cromwell mountains east. Users: 15,000 (2000 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Neng Den, Niiŋ Den Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Kombio xbi

East Sepik province: Dreikikir district, Torricelli mountains. 31 villages. Users: 2,970 (2003 SIL), decreasing. Small groups in West New Britain, Vanimo and Lae areas; a few elsewhere. About 2,400 live in Kombio area. Very few monolinguals. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Endangen, Indiang Autonym: Akwun Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Kombio

Kominimung xoi

Madang province. Users: 320 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,130 (2001 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Iski, Konminimung, Kuminimu, Okmaŋɨheŋgi Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Tamolan

Konai kxw

Western province: Upper Strickland river west side. Users: 600 (2016 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mirapmin Autonym: Kala̱i̱ Classification: Trans-New Guinea, East Strickland

Konomala koa

New Ireland province: southeast coast. 8 villages. Users: 800 (1985 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,990 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Kopar xop

East Sepik province. Users: 20 (Foley 2016). Ethnic population: 300 (Foley 2004). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Lower Sepik, Nor

Korafe-Yegha kpr

Oro province: Tufi district, Cape Nelson headlands. Users: 3,630 (2003 SIL). A very few old women are monolingual. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kailikaili, Kaire, Korafe, Korafe-Mokorua, Korafi, Korape, Kwarafe Autonym: Korafe-Yegha Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, Nuclear Binanderean, South Binanderean, Coastal Binanderean, Gaena-Korafe

Koro kxr

Manus Province: Lele-Bupi LLG; Los Negros LLG. Users: 1,730 (2015), decreasing. 1,250 in Lelemadih-Bupichupeu LLG (2011 census), 480 in Los Negros LLG (Cleary-Kemp 2015). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Kara Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, East

Koromira kqj

Bougainville province: Kieta district, central mountains and southeast coast, between Metong and Luluai rivers. Users: 2,500 (2007 SIL). 2,300 Koromira and 200 Koianu. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: South Bougainville, Nasioi

Koromu xes

Madang province. Users: 750 (Priestley 2020). Ethnic population: 890 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kesawai, Kesawi, Koromu sakine, Namuya Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Evapia

Kosena kze

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantu and Okapa districts. Users: 2,780 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Kóséna Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Gadsup-Auyana-Awa

Kou snz

Madang province: between the Mindjim and Napu Rivers, and along the Madang Highway. Users: 3,000 (2017 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Asas, Kow, Sensauru, Sinsauru Autonym: Kou Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Evapia

Kovai kqb

Morobe province: Siassi district, Umboi and Rooke islands. 13 villages. Users: 6,000 (2011 SIL). Ethnic population: 6,300. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kobai, Kowai Autonym: Alngubin Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Kovai

Kove kvc

West New Britain province: northwest coast. 24 villages, most on small coastal islands. Users: 8,000 (2015 SIL), decreasing. Ethnic population: 9,810 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Ngero, Bariai

Kovol kgu

Madang province: 5 km south of Mount Phom. Users: 720 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kobol, Koguman, Kogumar Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Omosan

Kowaki xow

Madang province: south of Kumil river, about 10 km from the coast, south of Sikor and Malala harbor. Users: 30 (Wurm 2007). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kumil-Tibor, Tibor

Kuanua ksd

East New Britain province: Rabaul district, Gazelle peninsula. Users: 148,000, all users. L1 users: 120,000 (Martin 2013). L2 users: 28,000 (2021). Ethnic population: 120,000 (Martin 2013). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Became widely spoken in East New Britain on the Gazelle peninsula under British protectorate in 1884. Used in church. Main language of the Tolai people. Alternate Names: Blanche Bay, Gunantuna, Neu-Pommern, New Britain Language, Tolai, Tuna Autonym: Tinata Tuna Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Kube kgf

Morobe province: Dindiu district, east Mongi river headwaters, lower Kua river valley east slopes, Foris river valley. Users: 7,500 (2000 census), increasing. Ethnic population: 8,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Hube, Kulungtfu-Yuanggeng-Tobo, Mongi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Eastern

Kubo jko

Western province: Lake Murray district, north half Upper Strickland census district, east of Strickland river, north of the Samo [smq] language area. Users: 1,000 (Minnegal and Dwyer 2017). Status: 5* (Developing). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, East Strickland

Kumalu ksl

Morobe province: Mumeng district. Users: 4,850 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kumara Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Buang, Mumeng

Kuman kue

Chimbu province: northern third; Eastern Highlands province: Daulo, Lufa and Unggai-Benna Lufa districts. Users: 185,000, all users. L1 users: 115,000 (2000 census). L2 users: 70,000 (2021). Few monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Native to Papua New Guinea; gained speakers in the 20th century. Widely spoken in Chimbu Province. Used in trade, mask culture, church, and education. Alternate Names: Chimbu, Simbu Autonym: Kuman Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Chimbu

Kumukio kuo

Morobe province. Users: 1,260 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,260 (2000 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kumokio Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Kuni kse

Central province: Kairuku and southwest Goilala districts, toward Port Moresby, south of Mekeo. Users: 2,400 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, West Central Papuan, Nuclear

Kuni-Boazi kvg

Western province: Lake Murray district. Users: 4,500 (2007 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Boadji, Boazi, Bwadji, Kuini, Kuni Autonym: Kuni-Boazi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Marind, Boazi

Kunimaipa kup

Central province: north Goilala district; Morobe province: Wau district; Oro province: extreme northwest. Users: 8,200 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Goilalan, Kunimaipa

Kuot kto

New Ireland province: northwest coast. 10 villages. Users: 1,500 (Lindström 2005). Ethnic population: 2,400 (2002 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Kuat, Panaras Autonym: Kuot Classification: Language isolate

Kursav faj

Madang province: upper Ramu river, near Usino. Users: 10 (Daniels 2015). Ethnic population: 110 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Faita Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Sogeram, East Sogeram

Kurti ktm

Manus province: north central coast. Users: 3,000 (2002 SIL). About 400 outside the language area. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kuruti, Kuruti-Pare, Ndrugul, Sohou Kurti Autonym: Kurti Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, East

Kutong skm

Morobe province: Kamdaran, Makwa, Sakam, and Tamunat villages. Users: 1,000 (2011 Ethnos360). Ethnic population: 1,000 (2011 Ethnos360). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Dinangat, Sakam Autonym: Kutong, Kutong gin Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Uruwa

Kwanga kwj

East Sepik province: Maprik district, beyond west boundary; Makru-Klaplei division, Nuku district; Sandaun province: east of Mehek. 40 villages. Users: 10,000 (2001 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Gawanga, Kawanga Autonym: Kwanga Classification: Sepik, Nukuma

Kwoma kmo

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, Sepik and Sanchi river areas. 12 villages. Users: 4,000 (Lambert-Brétière 2018). 800 monolinguals (Lambert-Brétière 2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kuome Autonym: Washkuk Classification: Sepik, Nukuma

Kwomtari kwo

Sandaun province: Amanab district, north of Namia. 6 villages. Users: 800 (Honsberger and Tupper 2008). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kefe, Kisofe, Klefe Autonym: Glefe Classification: Kwomtari, Nuclear Kwomtari

Kyaka kyc

Enga province: Wapenamanda district; Western Highlands province: Baiyer-Mul district. Users: 12,000 (Draper and Draper 2002). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baiyer, Enga-Kyaka, Kyaka Eŋa, Kyaka Enga Autonym: Kyaka Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Enga

Kyenele kql

East Sepik province: Giling village on Yuat river. Users: 1,250 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bulang, Kenen Birang, Kenying, Keyele, Keñele, Kyenying-Barang, Miyak Classification: Yuat

Label lbb

New Ireland province: southwest coast, Nasko village. Users: 150 (2010 SIL). Ethnic population: 160 (2010 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Label Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Labu lbu

Morobe province: Labu-Butu, Labu-Miti, and Labu-Tali, Markham river coast area. Users: Ethnic population: 2,480 (2011 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Hapa, Labo, Labu’ Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Lower, Labu

Laeko-Libuat lkl

Sandaun province: Torricelli mountains, west of Mehek. Users: 720 (2003 SIL). 520 in area; 200 outside. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Laeko, Laeko-Limbuat Classification: Torricelli, Maimai, Laeko-Libuat

Lakurumau lxm

New Ireland province: Kavieng district, Tikana LLG, Lakurumau village. Users: 800 (2020 C. Volker). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lakuramau, Laxudamau, Loxodumau Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Lavongai-Nalik

Lala nrz

Central province: between Kuni and Waima, inland from the coast, south of Yule Island. Users: 1,540 (Kassell and Potter 2009). Ethnic population: 1,540 (Kassell and Potter 2009). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ala’ala, Nala, Nara, Pokau Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, West Central Papuan, Nuclear

Lamogai lmg

West New Britain province: northwest interior, 2 regions on south coast. Users: 6,130 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Akiuru, Akivru, Mulakaino Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Bibling

Laua luf

Central province: north and west of Laua. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1990s (1987 SIL). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Labu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Mailuan

Lavatbura-Lamusong lbv

New Ireland province: central. Users: 4,580 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lamasong Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Madak

Lawunuia tgi

Bougainville province: Piva river. Users: 2,000 (2000 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nagarege, Nagarige, Naghareghe, Piva Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Piva-Banoni

Leipon lek

Manus province: Lolo village, Hauwai, Ndrilo, and Pityilu islands. Users: 1,320 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Pitilu, Pityilu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, East

Lele lle

Manus province: Lele-Bupi LLG. Users: 4,500 (Boettger 2015). Ethnic population: 4,610 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Elu-Kara, Hai, Lele Hai, Manus, Moanus, Nongena kor, Usiai Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, East

Lembena leq

Enga province: northeast; East Sepik province: Eleme, Isataele, Itopeno, Madawesa, Mokosele, Pipitesa, Saut Mosope, and Yambaitoko villages. Users: 1,760 (2000 census), increasing. 750 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lembena Pii, Nanimba Pii, Uyalipa Pii, Wapi Pii Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Enga

Lemio lei

Madang province: Two villages, one in the Banaga river area, another north of the Ramu river. Users: 270 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Kabenau

Lenkau ler

Manus province: southwest Rambutyo island. 1 village. Users: 380 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 250 (2000 D. Tryon). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Southeast Islands

Lihir lih

New Ireland province: Lihir and 3 smaller islands. Users: 15,000 (Hermer 2016), increasing. Ethnic population: 15,000 (Hermer 2016). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Lir Autonym: Lihir Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Tabar

Likum lib

Manus province: west Manus island. Users: 80 (Wurm 2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, West

Lilau lll

Madang province: Bogia district. Users: 850 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ngaimbom Classification: Torricelli, Monumbo

Loniu los

Manus province: Lolak and Loniu villages on Los Negros island south coast. Users: 780 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 660. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lonio, Ndroku Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, Mokoreng-Loniu

Lote uvl

East New Britain province: Pomio district, southeast coast and inland near Cape Dampier. Users: 6,000 (Pearson and van den Berg 2008). 700 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 6,000 (Pearson and van den Berg 2008). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Lohote, Uvol Autonym: Lote Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Mengen

Lou loj

Manus province: Lou island. Users: 1,230 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baluan-Lou-Pam Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Southeast Islands

Lusi khl

West New Britain province: northwest coast. Users: 2,130 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kaliai, Kaliai-Kove Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Ngero, Bariai

Ma mjn

Madang province: Mibu and Tariknan villages, area hamlets southwest of Saidor. Users: 570 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 570. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mawam, Mebu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Yupna

Ma Manda skc

Morobe province: Nawaeb district, Kesengen, Lemang, Maulak, Saut, and Yangaran. Users: 1,600 (Pennington 2018). Ethnic population: 1,600 (Pennington 2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Sauk Autonym: Ma Manda Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Erap

Madak mmx

New Ireland province: Central New Ireland district. Users: 3,000 (1985 UBS). Ethnic population: 5,000 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lelet, Mandak Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Madak

Madi grg

Madang province. Users: 380 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,220 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gira, Girara Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Gusap-Mot

Magi mgu

Central province: south coast, near Gadaisu to Baramata, Table bay and Toulon island; Milne Bay province: small area on south coast. Users: 8,500 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mailu Autonym: Magi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Mailuan

Magiyi gmg

Madang province: Middle Ramu district, Vguvindi village. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Sogeram, Central Sogeram

Magɨ gkd

Madang province. Users: 50 (2016 D. Daniels). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Sogeram, East Sogeram

Magori zgr

Central province: Table bay east end, Bailebo-Tavenei river lower reaches. Users: 100 (Wurm 2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, Oumic, Magoric

Maia sks

Madang province: Bogia district, mainland south of Manam island. Users: 4,500 (2007 SIL). 3,510 in main dialect, 990 in southern dialect (2007 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banar, Maya, Pila, Saki, Suaro, Turutap, Yakiba Autonym: Maia Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kaukombar

Maiadomu mzz

Milne Bay province: Bwaidoka district, east Fergusson island. Users: 900 (2000 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Maiadom Autonym: Maiadomu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Bwaidoga

Maiani tnh

Madang province: Bogia district. Users: 3,040 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Banara, Miani South, Tani, Wagimuda Autonym: Maiani Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kaukombar

Maisin mbq

Oro province: Ijivitari district, Collingwood bay and Kosirava swamp coast villages. Users: 2,610 (2000 census). 600 in Kosirava dialect. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Maisan Autonym: Maisin Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, Maisin

Maiwa mti

Milne Bay province: Rabaraba district, Meneao range area; Moi Biri bay coast; into Oro province. Users: 1,470 (2001 SIL), increasing. 330 Gairen, 180 Gwareta, 380 Maiwa, 180 Manigara, 400 Oren (2001 SIL). 74 monolinguals (2001 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,470 (2001 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Autonym: Maiwa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Dagan

Maiwala mum

Milne Bay province: Alotau district, Huhu LGA, Milne bay head. Users: 3,000 (2015 BTA). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Autonym: Maiwalei Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Taupota

Makayam aup

Western province: Adulu, Fly estuary, Lewada, Suame, and Sumogi island villages. Janor village (Giribam dialect). Users: 1,300 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Adulu, Atura, Aturu, Makaeyam, Tirio Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Tirio

Makolkol zmh

East New Britain province: Gazelle peninsula. Users: No known L1 speakers. 7 speakers reported in 1988 (Arlo 2016). Ethnic population: 5 (Arlo 2016). Status: 9 (Dormant). Classification: East New Britain, Baining

Mala mmt

Madang province: Bonga, Malalamai, and Yara villages; Rai coast east of Saidor. Users: 800 (Carter et al 2011). Ethnic population: 800 (Carter et al 2011). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bonga, Garingei, Garpunei, Malalamai Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Ngero, Bariai

Mala ped

Madang province: Bogia district. Users: 1,390 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Alam, Banara, Dagoi, Dagui, Hatzfeldhafen, Malala, Pai, Pay Autonym: Mala Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kaukombar

Malei hot

Morobe province: Lae district, Francisco river area. Users: 4,500 (2020 SIL). Ethnic population: 4,500 (2020 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ho’tei, Hote, Hotec, Malei-Hote, Malê Autonym: Malei Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Hote

Maleu-Kilenge mgl

West New Britain province: Talasea district west tip. Users: 7,730 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Idne, Lolo, Maleu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Kilenge-Maleu

Mali gcc

East New Britain province: east Gazelle peninsula. Users: 5,000 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 6,720 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Baining, Gaktai, Neu-Pommern Autonym: Mali, Mali-Baining Classification: East New Britain, Baining

Malol mbk

Sandaun province: Malol village area. Users: 4,560 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Malolo, Malon Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Siau

Mamusi kdf

East New Britain province: southeast coast and inland on Melkoi and Torlu rivers. Users: 6,000 (2020 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kakuna Autonym: Mamusi Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Mengen

Manam mva

Madang province: Bogia district, Boesa and Manam islands, Sepa and Wanami on adjacent mainland. Users: 7,950 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 9,000 (Connell and Lutkehaus 2016). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Manum Autonym: Manam pile Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Kairiru-Manam, Manam

Manambu mle

East Sepik province: Ambunti subprovince, Sepik river area. 5 villages. Users: 3,000 (Aikhenvald 2018). No monolinguals (Aikhenvald 2018). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Manat pmr

Madang province. Users: 50 (Daniels 2015). Ethnic population: 300 (Daniels 2015). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Paynamar Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Sogeram, Central Sogeram

Mand ate

Madang province: Ramu river, northwest of Aiome, upstream from Annaberg. Users: 8 (Daniels 2015). Ethnic population: 330 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Atemble, Atemple, Atemple-Apris Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Sogeram, West Sogeram

Mandara tbf

New Ireland province: Simberi, Tabar, Tatau. Users: 4,000 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Madara Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Lavongai-Nalik

Manem jet

Sandaun province: Skotiau. Users: 500 in Papua New Guinea (1993 SIL). Total users in all countries: 900. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jeti, Skofro, Wembi, Yeti Classification: Border, Waris

Manep mkr

Madang province: Tokain area. Users: 650 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Malas Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Manep-Barem

Mangseng mbh

East New Britain province: Montagu harbor south coast to Fulleborn harbor west; West New Britain province: north coast, south of Commodore bay. Users: 2,560 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mangsing, Masegi, Maseki Autonym: Mangseng Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Arawe

Mape mlh

Morobe province: Mape river area. Users: 1,700 (2000 census), decreasing. Ethnic population: 8,110 (2000 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Eastern

Mapena mnm

Milne Bay province: Mount Gwoira area. Users: 450 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Dagan

Marangis wax

East Sepik province: Angoram district, Watam village; Madang province: Bogia district, Marangis village. Users: 700 (Aikhenvald 2004). Ethnic population: 1,000 (2013 PBT). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Watam Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Ottilien, Watam

Mari hob

Madang province: upper Ramu river, 4 villages; Morobe province: extreme northwest. Users: 810 (2000 D. Tryon). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hop Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Upper, Mountain

Mari mbx

East Sepik province: near Mari lake and on Salumei river. Users: 80 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 240 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Bahinemo

Maria mds

Central province: Abau and Rigo districts, Marshall lagoon to northwest; Oro province: Mount Brown area. Users: 1,350 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Manubara Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Manubaran

Marik dad

Madang province: Madang district, Gogol river area inland. 10 villages. Users: 3,620 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Dami, Ham Autonym: Marik od Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Bel, Nuclear Bel, Southern

Maring mbw

Madang province: Bismarck range; Western Highlands province: Hagen district. 18 villages. Users: 13,000 (2015 BTA). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mareng, Yoadabe-Watoare Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Jimi

Matepi mqe

Madang province. Users: 280 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 290 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Mato met

Morobe province: Huon peninsula north coast, near Morobe-Madang provincial border, Uruwa river plain west of Wasu, north of Sapmanga, southeast of Saidor. Users: 700 (Stober 2013). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Nenaya, Nengaya, Nineia Autonym: Mato Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Roinji-Nenaya

Matukar Panau mjk

Madang province: north of Madang town, Matukar village and nearby hamlet. Users: 160 (Anderson et al 2015). Ethnic population: 700 (Anderson et al 2015). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Matugar, Matukar Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Bel, Nuclear Bel, Northern

Mauwake mhl

Madang province: Bogia district. Users: 2,390 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 4,000 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mawake, Ulingan Autonym: Mauwake Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kumil-Tibor, Kumil

Mawak mjj

Madang province: south of upper Kumil river, southwest of Malala and Sikor harbor. Users: 30 (Wurm 2007). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kumil-Tibor, Tibor

Mawan mcz

Madang province: Gogol river area. Users: 400 (2001 SIL), decreasing. Ethnic population: 480 (2000 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Autonym: Mawan Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Mbore gai

Madang province: Bogia district, Ramu river area and east. 8 villages. Users: 2,090 (2003 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bore, Borei, Gamai, Gamei, Mborei Autonym: Mborena Kam Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Ottilien, Borei

Mbula mna

Morobe province: Siassi district, east Umboi island, 6 villages; Sakar island, 1 village. Users: 4,500 (Bugenhagen and Bugenhagen 2007), increasing. 450 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 4,500 (Bugenhagen and Bugenhagen 2007). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mangaaba, Mangaava, Mangaawa, Mangap, Mangap-Mbula, “Kaimanga” (pej.) Autonym: Mbula Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Mangap-Mbula

Medebur mjm

Madang province: coast just north of Sikor at Medebur. Users: 510 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 510 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Kairiru-Manam, Manam

Mehek nux

Sandaun province: Nuku district, Makru-Klaplei area, Torricelli mountains lower foothills, southeast of Siliput. 9 large villages. Users: 6,300 (1994 SIL). Ethnic population: 7,750 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Driafleisuma, Indinogosima, Me’ek, Mehek Suma, Nuku Classification: Sepik, Tama

Mekeo mek

Central province: Kaiyuku district, inland, west boundary is Waima, east are Kuni [kse] and Kunimaipa [kup] language areas; into Gulf province. Users: 20,000 (2015 BTA). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mekeo-Kovio Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, West Central Papuan, Nuclear

Mekmek mvk

East Sepik province. Users: 1,400 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Yuat

Melpa med

Western Highlands province: Hagen district. Users: 100,000 (Stewart et al 2011). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hagen, Medlpa, Metlpa Autonym: Melpa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Hagen, Melpa

Mende sim

Sandaun province: Nuku district, Torricelli range hills sloping south toward Sepik river plains. 15 villages east of Mehek. Users: 6,000 (2006 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Seim Autonym: Mende Classification: Sepik, Nukuma

Mengen mee

East New Britain province: Pomio district, Jacquinot bay and inland, 20 villages; West New Britain province: Talasea district, coast, Bismark Sea. Users: 4,000 (2001 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Poeng Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Mengen

Menya mcr

Gulf province: Karema district, Naniwe area; Morobe province: Menyamya district, north Tauri river area and tributaries. Users: 25,000 (Whitehead 2004). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Menyama, Menye Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Meramera mxm

East New Britain province: Lolobau island, coast east to Cape Torkoro; West New Britain province: Bialla district, northwest coast to Toriu river and inland. Users: 4,500 (2020 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Melamela, Ubili Autonym: Meramera Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, Willaumez

Mesem mci

Morobe province: Lae district, Boana subdistrict, interior north of Lae. 14 villages. Users: 4,000 (1997 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Mese Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Mevembet keh

East Sepik province. Users: 7,000 (2020 L. Liew). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Keak, Kwaruwikwundi, Malinguat, Sepik Plains, Tshuosh, Tshwosh Autonym: Mevembet Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Mian mpt

East Sepik province: Ambunti-Dreikikir district, upper May river, Blimo, Nenebil, Suganga, and Wagarabai; Sandaun province: Telefomin district, north Aki and Fak river valleys, August river headwaters. Users: 3,500 (Fedden 2007). Ethnic population: 3,500 (Fedden 2007). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mianmin Autonym: Mian weng Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Ok-Awyu, Ok, Mountain

Miani pla

Madang province: Bogia district, inland. Users: 2,990 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Banar, Bonaputa-Mopu, Kenege, Miani North, Tani Autonym: Miani Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kaukombar

Migabac mpp

Morobe province: Masaweng river area. 5 villages divided among 3 dialects: Ago; Butengka and Kapawa; Hudewa and Waringai. Users: 2,600 (2010 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Migaba’ Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Eastern

Migum klm

Madang province. Users: 470 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kolom Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Kabenau

Minanibai mcv

Gulf province: Goaribari and Ikobi Kairi census districts, near Omati river mouth, Moka and Pepeha villages. Users: 300 (Wurm and Hattori 1981), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Eme-Eme, Hei, Pepeha Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Inland Gulf, Minanibai

Minaveha mvn

Milne Bay province: Bolubolu district, southwest Fergusson island near Mapamoiwa station. Users: 2,300 (2007 SIL), increasing. 500 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Kukuya, Minavega Autonym: Minaveha Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Taupota

Mindiri mpn

Madang province: Rai Coast area west of Saidor. 1 village. Users: 80 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 300 (2016 J. Claussen). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Bel, Astrolabe

Miniafia Oyan aai

Oro province: Tufi district, Cape Nelson and Collingwood Bay, 4 coastal locations. 20 to 25 villages. Users: 3,470 (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Arifama-Miniafia, Miniafia-Arifama Autonym: Miniafia Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Are

Minidien wii

Sandaun province: north of Beli, Laeko-Libuat. Users: 100 (2004 SIL). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,190 (2000 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Miniden, Wiakei, Wiaki Autonym: Minidien Classification: Torricelli, Maimai, Wiaki

Minigir bxf

East New Britain province: Gazelle peninsula, southeast of Cape Gazelle. 12 villages. Users: 4,180 (2012 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bilur, Birar Autonym: Minigir Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic

Misima-Panaeati mpx

Milne Bay province: Misima district, Calvados chain, Misima island, and Panaieti islands. 32 villages. Users: 20,000 (Callister 2005). 4,000 monolinguals. Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Misima, Misima-Paneati, Misiman, Pana Panaeati, Panaeati, Panaieti, Panayeti, Paneate, Paneyate Autonym: Pana Misima Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Kilivila-Louisiades, Misima

Miu mpo

West New Britain province: Gimi Rauto district, southwest interior. Users: 395 (2000 D. Tryon). Ethnic population: 1,250. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Myu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Pasismanua

Moere mvq

Madang province: south of Kumil river, Malala harbour, and Sikor. Users: 50 (Wurm 2000). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kumil-Tibor, Kumil

Moikodi mkp

Oro province: Owen Stanley Range north slopes, Mount Brown to Moni river. Users: 570 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). 290 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Doriri Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Yareban

Molima mox

Milne Bay province: Esa’ala district, Ebadidi, Ni’ubuo, and Salakahadi area inland villages on west Fergusson island; central west coast, Fagululu; central south coast, Molima. Users: 3,500 (2009 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ebadidi, Fagululu, Morima, Salakahadi Autonym: Molima Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Bwaidoga

Momare msz

Morobe province: north of Masaweng river. Users: 10. Ethnic population: 800 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Momale, Momole, Mumare Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Eastern

Momu fqs

Sandaun province: Amanab and Aitape districts, Fas, Fugumui, Kilifas, Utai, and Wara Mayu villages. Users: 2,500 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 5,000 (Honeyman 2016). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bembi, Fas Classification: Fas

Mondropolon npn

Manus province: north central coast, Manus island. Users: 720 (2011 census). Ethnic population: 720 (2011 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nawe Mondropolon Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, West

Monumbo mxk

Madang province: Bogia District. Users: 410 (2003 SIL). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Mambuwan Classification: Torricelli, Monumbo

Morawa mze

Central province: south coast around Cloudy bay. Users: 1,100 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Mailuan

Moresada msx

Madang province. Users: 380 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Murisapa, Murusapa-Sarewa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Josephstaal, Pomoikan

Morigi mdb

Gulf province: lower Turama census division. Users: 700 (Wurm 1975). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dabura, Morigi Island, Turama River Kiwai, Wariadai Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kiwaian

Mosimo mqv

Madang province: about 30 km inland from the east coast, north of Alexishafen, due west of Garu and Yoidik settlements. Users: 50 (Wurm 2000). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Motu meu

Central province: Port Moresby area, coastal villages from Galley Reach and Manumanu to GabaGaba. Users: 39,000 (2008 A. Taylor). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Pure Motu, True Motu Autonym: Motu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, Sinagoro-Keapara

Motu, Hiri hmo

Central and Gulf provinces: concentrated in Port Moresby area; widely scattered elsewhere: Oro, Milne Bay and Western provinces. Users: 95,000, all users. L1 users: Very few L1 speakers (1992 T. Dutton). L2 users: 95,000 (2021). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Recognized language (1975, Constitution, Articles 67 and 68). Originated with the arrival of European sailor-explorers and missionaries in the 1870s. Developed as a lingua franca in early 1900s in the form of Police Motu used by colonizers and non-indigenous police agents to communicate with Papua New Guinea’s indigenous people. Since about 1970 has been declining as a lingua franca in favor of English [eng] and Tok Pisin [tpi]. Alternate Names: Hiri, Pidgin Motu, Police Motu Autonym: Hiri Motu Classification: Pidgin, Motu based

Motuna siw

Bougainville province: southeast. Users: 16,000 (Stebbins et al 2018). Ethnic population: 16,000 (Stebbins et al 2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Siuai, Siwai Autonym: Motuna Classification: South Bougainville, Buin

Mouk-Aria mwh

West New Britain province: Kandrian district southeast coast to northwest coast. Users: 3,840 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Aria-Mouk Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Bibling

Mouwase jmw

Gulf province: Omati river. Users: 450 (2011 SIL). Speakers of other languages live at some of the Mouwase villages, especially Omati, and this may have skewed population figures. Speakers are widely scattered in bush villages, hamlets and squatter settlements. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Turama-Kikorian, Kaser

Mubami tsx

Western province: middle and lower Wawoi river; Diwami, Kubeai, Parieme, Paueme, Sogae, Ugu, and Waliho villages on Guavi and Aramia rivers. Users: 1,730 (2002 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dausame, Dausuami Mubami, Ta, Tao-Suamato, Tao-Suame Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Inland Gulf, Minanibai

Mufian aoj

East Sepik province: Maprik district, Torricelli mountains, west of Maprik. 36 villages. Users: 11,000 (1998 SIL). 6,000 Filifita (1999 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Muhian, Muhiang, Southern Arapesh Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Arapesh

Mulaha mfw

Central province: southeast of Gaile on the coast. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last known speaker survived into the 1950s (Wurm 2007). Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Kwalean

Mum kqa

Madang province. Users: 2,500 (Daniels 2015). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Katiati Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Sogeram, Central Sogeram, North Central Sogeram

Mungkip mpv

Morobe province: Kasuka and Mungkip villages. Users: 12 (Retsema et al 2009). Ethnic population: 670 (Retsema et al 2009). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Munkip Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Erap

Munit mtc

Madang province: Trans-Gogol district. Users: 910 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Kokon

Muno grx

Sandaun province: Amanab district. Users: 1,500 (2014 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,600 (2014 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Guriaso Classification: Kwomtari, Guriaso

Mur Pano tkv

Madang province: Mur village. Users: 1,000 (2012 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Pano Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Korap

Muratayak asx

Madang province: Rai Coast district, east of Saidor. Users: 1,440 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 1,440 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Asat, Maratayak, Mratayak, Murataik Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Warup

Murik mtf

East Sepik province: Angoram district, coast west of Sepik river mouth. Users: 1,200 (Aikhenvald 2004). Ethnic population: 3,130 (2000 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Nor, Nor-Murik Lakes Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Lower Sepik, Nor

Murupi mqw

Madang province. Users: 300 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Musar mmi

Madang province: inland, west of Tokain. Users: 1,500 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aregerek, Hember Avu Autonym: Amben Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kumil-Tibor, Tibor

Musom msu

Morobe province: Busu river tributary. Users: 200 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 320 (2000 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Misatik Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Lower, Busu

Mussau-Emira emi

New Ireland province: Emira, Mussau, and Saint Matthias Islands northwest of Kavieng; Goroka, Kavieng, Lae, Madang, and Port Moresby. Users: 6,000 (2015 SIL), increasing. Ethnic population: 6,000 (2015 SIL). Includes 3,500 in the traditional area (2015 J. Brownie). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Emira-Mussau, Musao, Musau-Emira Autonym: Emira, Mussau Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, St. Matthias

Mutu tuc

Morobe province: south of Umboi island, Aramot, Aronai, Malai, Mandok, Mutu Malau, Siassi islands, and Tuam; Yaga village on Umboi Island. Users: 4,000 (Bugenhagen 2010), increasing. Only older adults are monolingual. Ethnic population: 4,000 (Bugenhagen 2010). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sisi, Tuam, Tuam-Mutu, Tuom Autonym: Saveeng Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Ngero, Tuam

Muyuw myw

Milne Bay province: Losuia district, Woodlark island. Users: 4,000 (Senft 2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Egum, Murua, Murua Dukwayasi, Murua Kaulae, Muruwa, Muyu, Muyua, Muyuwa Autonym: Aga-Muyuw Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Kilivila-Louisiades, Kilivila

Mwakai mgt

East Sepik province: Angoram district, Kaimbal and Mongol villages, Angoram town outskirts. Users: 200 (Barlow 2020b). No monolinguals (Barlow 2020b). Ethnic population: 1,500 (Barlow 2020b). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Mongol, Mwa Classification: Mongol-Langam

Mwatebu mwa

Milne Bay province: Normanby island, north central coast. 1 village. Users: 120 (Wurm 2000). 10 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 270 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Dobu-Duau

Naasioi nas

Bougainville province: Kieta district, central mountains and southeast coast. Users: 22,000 (Stebbins et al 2018). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Aunge, Kieta, Kieta Talk, Nasioi Autonym: Naasioina’ Classification: South Bougainville, Nasioi

Nabak naf

Morobe province: Lae district, Busu river east headwaters. 52 villages, 30 settlements. Users: 16,000 (1994 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Naba, Napa, Wain Autonym: Nabak Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Nabi mty

Sandaun province. 3 villages. Users: 620 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Metan, Mitang, Nambieb Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Palei

Nafi srf

Morobe province: Busu river. Users: 160 (Holzknecht 1988). May be less than 100 speakers (Wurm 2007). Ethnic population: 540 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sirak Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Lower, Busu

Nai bio

Sandaun province: Amanab district, southeast of Angor [agg] language area. 3 large villages. Users: 750 (2010 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Biaka, Nai-Biaka Classification: Kwomtari, Nuclear Kwomtari

Nakame nib

Morobe province: west and northwest of Boana Saruwaged Range south side. 6 villages. Users: 1,640 (2006 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,900 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nakama Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Erap

Nakanai nak

East New Britain province: small area in Pomio district, Mamusi-West Pomio RLLG; West New Britain province: Talasea district, especially Hoskins RLLG, and northwest coast, Biala RLLG, 42 villages. Users: 30,000 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Nakonai Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, Willaumez

Nake nbk

Madang province: northwest of Madang. Users: 170 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ale Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Nakwi nax

East Sepik province: Augot, Nakwi-Amasu, Tiki, and Uwau villages south of Sawiyanu [amm] language area. Users: 280 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Arai (Left May)

Nali nss

Manus province: southeast Manus island; southwest coast, northwest of Titan. Users: 2,900 (2000 census). 200 Okro (2000 D. Tryon). Ethnic population: 4,500. In Okro. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Yiru Autonym: Nali Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, East

Nalik nal

New Ireland province: north central, Kavieng, on the east coast, 14 villages; west coast, 3 villages. Some in urban areas. Users: 6,500 (2020 C. Volker). Ethnic population: 8,780 (2014 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Fesoa, Fessoa, Lugagon Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Lavongai-Nalik

Nama nmx

Western province: Morehead district, Daraia, Mata, and Ngaraita villages. Users: 1,200 (Evans et al 2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Nambu

Namat nkm

Western province: Morehead district, Mibini village south of Morehead. Users: 170 (Evans et al 2018). Ethnic population: 215 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mibini Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Nambu

Nambo ncm

Western province: Morehead district, Arufe, Bebdeben, Derideri, Gubam, and Pongariki villages bordering Idi [idi] and Nen [nqn] language areas. Users: 710 (Evans et al 2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Arufe, Kerake, Keraki, Nambu, Namna, Nmbo Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Nambu

Namia nnm

East Sepik province: Ameni, Edwaki, Iwane, Lawo, Pabei, Panewai village, and Wiyari areas; Sandaun province: Yellow River district, 19 villages. Users: 7,000 (2011 SIL), increasing. 300 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 7,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Edawapi, Lujere, Namie, Nemia, Yellow River Classification: Sepik, Yellow River

Namiae nvm

Oro province: Afore district, inland, Kokoro, Kuae, Sorefuna, Tahama, and Ubuvara villages; Managalas plateau. Users: 1,200 (2003 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Namiai Autonym: Namiaiko Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Koiarian, Baraic

Namo mxw

Western province: Morehead district, Mari and Tais villages south coast and inland. Users: 370 (Evans et al 2018). Ethnic population: 400 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dorro, Mari, Nä Autonym: Namo Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Nambu

Nankina nnk

Madang province: Saidor district, upper Nankina river valley. Users: 3,480 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Yupna

Nanubae afk

East Sepik province: Karawari rural district, Imanmeri, Wambrumas and Yamandim villages. Users: 1,270 (Kassell et al 2017). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aunda, Kapagmai, Nanbay Classification: Arafundi

Narak nac

Madang province: Usino-Bundi district; Western Highlands province: Hagen district, middle Jimi river valley near Tabibuga. Users: 8,000 (Hainsworth et al 2019). 4,200 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 8,000 (Hainsworth et al 2019). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ganja Autonym: Narak Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Jimi

Nawaru nwr

Oro province: Ijivitari district, upper Musa river valley area near Sibia. Users: 190 (1990 SIL). Ethnic population: 290 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sirio Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Yareban

Nehan nsn

Bougainville province: Nissan islands. Users: 7,000 (Glennon 2014), increasing. 5,000 Uanuleik, 1,000 Sirouatan, and 1,000 Pinipel (Glennon 2014). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Nihan, Nissan Autonym: Nehan Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Nehan-North Bougainville, Nehan

Neherneh ncn

Manus province: Nauna island. 1 village. Users: 420 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 700 (2019 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nauna, Naune Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Southeast Islands

Nek nif

Morobe province: Nawaeb district, Saruwaged range south side, rugged terrain north of Boana. 5 villages. Users: 2,000 (2011 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Nek Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Erap

Nekgini nkg

Madang province: west of Mot river. Users: 690 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nakgini, Nekeni Autonym: Nekgini Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Gusap-Mot

Neko nej

Madang province: coast near Biliau. Users: 640 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Yarete Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Gusap-Mot

Nema gsn

Morobe province. Users: 800 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 1,030 (2000 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gusan Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Erap

Neme nex

Western province: Morehead district, Keru and Mitere villages northeast of Morehead. Users: 200 (Evans et al 2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Nambu

Nen nqn

Western province: Morehead district, Bimadbn village, between Nambo [ncm] and Idi [idi] language areas. Users: 350 (Evans et al 2018). Ethnic population: 350 (Evans et al 2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nen Ym, Nen Zi Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Nambu

Nend anh

Madang province: Pasinkap village area between Ramu and Sogeram rivers. Users: 2,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Angaua, Nent Autonym: Nend Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Sogeram, West Sogeram

Nete net

East Sepik and Enga provinces: next to Hewa [ham] language area. 3 villages. Users: 750 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Iniai, Malamauda, Malaumanda, Malumanda Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Enga

Ngaing nnf

Madang province: southwest of Saidor, foothills from coast to Finisterre Range. 15 villages. Users: 2,100 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 2,500 (2005 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mailang, Sor Autonym: Ngaing Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Gusap-Mot

Ngalum szb

Sandaun province. Users: 8,000 in Papua New Guinea (1981). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Ok-Awyu, Ok, Ngalum

Nii nii

Western Highlands province: Hagen district. Users: 12,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Ek Nii Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Wahgi

Niksek gbe

East Sepik and Sandaun provinces: upper Niksek and east branch of Leonhard Schultze rivers’ headwaters; Sumwari. Users: 930 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Meiyari, Sumwari Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Sanio

Nimo niw

East Sepik province: Arakau, Binuto, Didipas, Fowiom, Nimo, Uburu, Uwawi, Wamwiu, Wasuai, and Yuwaitri villages. Southeast of Sawiyanu [amm] language area. Users: 350 (1998 NTM). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nimo-Wasawai Classification: Arai (Left May)

Ningera nby

Sandaun province: Vanimo district, east of Vanimo, north of Bewani and Ossima. Users: 150 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nagira, Negira, Ninggera Classification: Border, Bewani

Ninggerum nxr

Western province: between Ok Birim and Ok Tedi rivers, east of Ok Tedi to main road linking Kiunga and Tabubil, and north to the main mountain range. Users: 3,950 in Papua New Guinea (2001 UNESCO). 1,600 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 4,000 (2001 UNESCO). Total users in all countries: 4,950. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kasiwa, Kativa, Ningerum, Ninggirum, Ninggrum, Niyium, Obgwo, Tedi, Tidi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Ok-Awyu, Ok, Lowland

Ningil niz

Sandaun province. Users: 950 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Niwer Mil hrc

New Ireland province: Tangga islands. Users: 6,300 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tanga, Tangga Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Nobonob gaw

Madang province: Madang district. Users: 2,400 (2015 BTA), increasing. No monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 2,400 (2015 BTA). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Butelkud-Guntabak, Garuh, Nobanob, Nobnob, Nupanob Autonym: Nobonob Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Nomane nof

Chimbu province: Karimui-Nomane district, Karimui LLG; Eastern Highlands province: Lufa district, Lufa RLLG. Users: 6,700 (2000 census). 3,140 Kewo-Meba, 2,290 Meine, 1,250 Siarha, and 20 Gomla (all men 35 and older). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kiari Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Chimbu

Nomu noh

Morobe province: Huon peninsula north coast. Users: 400 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 1,200 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mida Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Notsi ncf

New Ireland province: Central New Ireland district, east coast. Users: 1,840 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Nochi Autonym: Notsi Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Tabar

Nuk noc

Morobe province: Saruwaged range south side, rugged terrain northeast of Boana. 8 villages. Users: 900 (2006 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,630 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Erap

Nukeria nur

Bougainville province: Atolls district, north of Bougainville island, Nukuria atoll and Puhuria island; Buka island. Users: 500 (Davletshin 2017). 170 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 500 (Davletshin 2017). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Fead, Nahoa, Nuguria, Nukuria Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Ellicean

Nukna klt

Morobe province: lower Timbe river valley. Users: 1,000 (Taylor 2015). Ethnic population: 1,000 (Taylor 2015). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Komutu Autonym: Nukna Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Uruwa

Nukumanu nuq

Bougainville province: Atolls district, Nukumanu atoll. Users: 750 (2015 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tasman Autonym: Nukumanu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Ellicean

Numanggang nop

Morobe province: Lae district, north of Nadzab. 10 villages; Lae, Mount Hagen, and Rabaul. Users: 2,500 (Hynum 2010). Few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 2,500 (Hynum 2010). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Boana, Kai, Manggang, Ngain, Numangan, Numangang, Sugu Autonym: Numaŋgaŋ Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Erap

Numbami sij

Morobe province: Lae district. 1 coastal village. Users: 200 (Wurm 2007). Ethnic population: 240 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Siboma, Sipoma Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Numbami

Nyindrou lid

Manus province: Manus island west coast. 10 villages. Users: 4,800 (2000 census). Few monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Lindau, Lindrou, Nyada, Salien Autonym: Nyindrou Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, West

Odiai bhf

Sandaun province: Amanab district, north of Upper Sepik river. 3 villages. Users: 370 (2011 census). Ethnic population: 370 (2011 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Busa, Busan, Uriai Classification: Language isolate

Odoodee kkc

Southern Highlands province: southwest corner; Western province: middle Fly district, Hasalibi, Kalamo Lake Campbell, villages on middle Rentoul river south bank past middle Tomu river to Wawoi Falls. Users: 430 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 430 (2003 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kalamo, Nomad, Ododei, Tomu, Tomu River Autonym: Odoodee Classification: Trans-New Guinea, East Strickland

Ogea eri

Madang province: Astrolabe bay. Users: 2,210 (2003 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Erima, Nuru, Ogia Autonym: Ogea Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Nuru

Oksapmin opm

Sandaun province: Telefomin district; Southern Highlands province: Strickland river north bank to Sandaun province border; Western province: Olsobip RLLG. Users: 12,000 (2005 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Oksapmin

Olo ong

Sandaun province: Lumi district. 55 villages. Users: 13,700 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 15,750 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Orlei Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Ömie aom

Oro province: Afore, Kokoda, and Upper Kumusi districts, northwest of Managalasi; Mamama river, and upper Kumusi valley. Users: 1,190 (2000 census). 400 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Aomie, Upper Managalasi Autonym: Ömie Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Koiarian, Baraic

One, Inebu oin

Sandaun province: Lumi district, West Waipei division, Alkula, Inebu, Kalema, and Windiple villages between east Bewani and west Torricelli ranges. Users: 1,300 (2000 M. Crowther). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aunalei, Inebu, Onele, Oni Classification: Torricelli, West Wapei, One

One, Kabore onk

Sandaun province: Lumi district, West Waipei division, Abore, Kabore Station, Kara, Sapin, and Wamtip villages between east Bewani and west Torricelli ranges. Users: 300 (2000 M. Crowther). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aunalei, Kabore, Onele, Oni Classification: Torricelli, West Wapei, One

One, Kwamtim okk

Sandaun province: Lumi district, west Waipei division, Kuamtim village between east Bewani and west Torricelli ranges. Users: 130 (2014 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aunalei, Kuamtim, Kwamtim, Oni Classification: Torricelli, West Wapei, One

One, Molmo aun

Sandaun province: west Waipei division, Anononti, Laurela, Molmo, Pusa and Wisoli villages between East Bewani and West Torricelli ranges. Users: 700, all users. L1 users: 500 (2000 M. Crowther). L2 users: 200. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aunalei, Molmo, Onele, Oni Autonym: One Classification: Torricelli, West Wapei, One

One, Northern onr

Sandaun province: Lumi district, West Waipei division, Karantu, Koiniri, Parara, Romei, and Wolwale villages between east Bewani and west Torricelli ranges. Users: 2,000 (2000 M. Crowther). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aunalei, Onele, Oni Classification: Torricelli, West Wapei, One

One, Southern osu

Sandaun province: Lumi district, West Waipei division, Karantu, Koiniri, Parara, Romei, and Wolwale villages between east Bewani and west Torricelli ranges. Users: 200 (2000 M. Crowther). Ethnic population: 300 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aunalei, Onele, Oni Classification: Torricelli, West Wapei, One

Onjob onj

Oro province: Ijivitari district, Koreat and Naukwate villages inland south of Cape Nelson. Users: 150 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 200 (Bonshek 2005). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Onjab, Onjou Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Dagan

Ono ons

Morobe province: Finschhafen district, northeast Huon peninsula. Users: 11,000, all users. L1 users: 10,000 (2011 SIL), increasing. Population increase due to Bakesu Revival Church activity. L2 users: 1,000 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Ono Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Onobasulu onn

Hela and Southern Highlands provinces: midway between Mount Sisa and Mount Bosavi. Users: 1,200, all users. L1 users: 1,000 (2010 SIL). L2 users: 200. 350 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Onabasulu Autonym: Onobasulu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Bosavi

Ontenu ont

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantu district. Users: 3,000 (1996 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Ontena Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Gadsup-Auyana-Awa

Opao opo

Gulf province: Orokolo and Keuru area. Users: 2,070 (2005 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Eleman, Nuclear Eleman, Western

Orokaiva okv

Oro province: Popondetta town area. 200 villages. Users: 35,000 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, Nuclear Binanderean, South Binanderean, Orokaivan

Orokolo oro

Gulf province: Purari river mouth east to Bairu river; Kerema is the main town. Users: 7,500 (Brown 1986). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bailala, Haira, Kaipi, Kairu-Kaura, Muro, Muru, Vailala, West Elema Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Eleman, Nuclear Eleman, Western

Orop aps

Sandaun province: Aitape district, Arop village. Users: 1,500 (2001 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Arop, Arop-Sissano Autonym: Orop Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Siau

Ouma oum

Central province: south coast around Labu. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the late 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, Oumic

Oune oue

Bougainville province: Crown Prince Range, Asiamana river headwaters southeast to Karewong river. Users: 1,000 (2007 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dapera, Eivo, Ounge Classification: South Bougainville, Nasioi

Owenia wsr

Eastern Highlands province: Obura district. Users: 640 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Owena, Owenda, Waijara, Waisara Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Owenia

Owiniga owi

East Sepik province: Amu, Inagri, Samo, and Yei villages southeast of Nimo [niw] language area. Users: 330 (1998 NTM). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bero, Owininga, Samo, Taina Classification: Arai (Left May)

Oya’oya oyy

Milne Bay province: Samarai-Murua district, Bwanabwana local government area, southeast tip of Papuan mainland facing China strait. Users: 380 (2005 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Daiomuni, Kuiaro, Loani, Simagahi Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, Suauic

Pa ppt

Western province. Users: 6,500 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 6,500 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Akium-Pare, Pare Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Awin-Pare

Pagi pgi

Sandaun province: Vanimo district, Bewani subdistrict, east and southeast of Kilmeri [kih] language area. 5 villages. Users: 2,140 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bembi, Pagei Classification: Border, Bewani

Pahi lgt

Sandaun province: north into Maimai Namblo division. Users: 840 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lugitama, Riahoma, Wansum Classification: Sepik, Tama

Pak-Tong pkg

Manus province: Pak and Tong islands. Users: 1,090 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tong-Pak Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Pak-Tong

Pal abw

Madang province. Users: 1,160 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abasakur Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Omosan

Paluai blq

Manus province: Baluan and Pam islands. Users: 2,500 (Schokkin 2020). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baluan-Pam, Pam-Baluan Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Southeast Islands

Pamosu hih

Madang province: north central, Adelbert Range. Users: 1,800 (Tupper 2012). Ethnic population: 1,800 (Tupper 2012). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hinihon Autonym: Pamosu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kumil-Tibor, Tibor

Panim pnr

Madang province: west of Madang town. Users: 12 (2019 Western Institute for Endangered Language Documentation). Ethnic population: 420 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Gum

Pano mqz

Morobe province: Huon peninsula north coast, Bugada, Malasanga, Sigawa, and Singorokai villages from Lepsius Point tip to Wasu. Users: 1,180 (2000 census), including 433 in Singorokai Ward, 461 in Malasanga Ward and 279 in Kiari Ward. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Malasanga Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Korap

Papapana ppn

Bougainville province: northeast coast. Users: 99 (Smith-Dennis 2020). Ethnic population: 510 (Smith 2015). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Auta, Numanuma, Papapa, Teperoi Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Nehan-North Bougainville, Papapana

Papua New Guinean Sign Language pgz

Scattered. Users: 30,000 (2015 N. Simonsson Juhonewe). 30,000 is an estimate, approximately 0.34% of the overall population; unclear if this represents all deaf or only signing deaf. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Recognized language (2015, Decision No. 100/2015, Directive No. 8), National Executive Council (NEC) endorsement of the National Policy on disability 2015–2016 (7 May 2015). Alternate Names: Melanesian Sign Language, PNGSL Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language

Parawen prw

Madang province. Users: 430 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 760 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Para Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Numugen, Yarawata-Parawen-Ukuriguma

Pasi psq

Sandaun province: southeast corner, Wan Wan division. 3 villages. Users: 360 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Besi Autonym: Pasi Classification: Sepik, Tama

Patep ptp

Morobe province: Mumeng district. Users: 1,700 (2003 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Buang, Mumeng, Ptep Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Buang, Mumeng

Patpatar gfk

New Ireland province: south central Namatanai district. Users: 10,000 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Gelik, Pala, Patpari Autonym: Patpatar Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Pawaia pwa

Chimbu province: Karimui district; Eastern Highlands province: Lufa and Okapa districts, Lamari river; Gulf province: Baimuru RLLG, Purari river near Oroi. Users: 6,490 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Pauaia, Pavaia, Pawaian, Tudahwe, Yasa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Pawaian

Pefiyahe ppq

East Sepik province: Tunap/Hustain LLG; Pei village. Users: 200 (2012 NTM). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Pai, Pei Classification: Sepik, Leonhard Schultze

Pele-Ata ata

East New Britain province: Mamusi-West Pomio RLLG; West New Britain province: Talasea district, inland from Bongula bay in Nakanai mountains. Users: 2,000 (2007 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Peleata, Uase, Uasi, Uasilau, Wasi Autonym: Ata Classification: Yele-West New Britain, West New Britain

Penchal pek

Manus province: Rambutyo island. Users: 1,060 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Southeast Islands

Petats pex

Bougainville province: Buka Passage district, Hitau, Petats, and Pororan islands off Buka island west coast. Users: 6,340 (2010 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Majugan Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Nehan-North Bougainville, Buka

Piame pin

East Sepik province: middle Sepik region, eastern headwaters of Niksek (April) river. Users: 100 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). 97 monolinguals (1981). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Biami Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Sanio

Pin wmx

Sandaun province: Onei and Sumararu villages. Users: 6 (Honeyman 2016). Ethnic population: 190 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Womo Classification: Skou, Skou-Serra-Lagoon, Serra Hills, Rawo-Main Serra, Main Serra

Pinai-Hagahai pnn

East Sepik, Enga, Madang, and Western Highlands provinces border area. Users: 700 (Melliger 2005). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aramo, Hagahai, Miamia, Pinai, Pinaye, Wapi Classification: Piawi

Piu pix

Morobe province: upper Watut river. 1 village. Users: 100 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 160 (2000 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Kuruko, Lanzog, Sanbiau Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Buang

Pole kjy

Southern Highlands province. Users: 10,000 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Erave, Kewa South, South Kewa, South Kewapi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Angal-Kewa

Ponam ncc

Manus province: Ponam island. Users: 560 (2018 SIL). Ethnic population: 560 (2018 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Rahau Ponam Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, East

Pondi lnm

East Sepik province: Angoram district, Langam village. Users: 300 (Barlow 2020a), decreasing. Ethnic population: 620 (Barlow 2020a). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Langam, Mwa Classification: Mongol-Langam

Pouye bye

Sandaun province: Lumi, East and West Wapei districts. 7 villages: Bulawa, Kiliauto, Komtin, Maurom, Wokien, Wulme, Yukilau. Users: 960 (2003 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bouye Autonym: Pouye Classification: Sepik, Ram

Puare pux

Sandaun province: Puari coast area. Users: 35 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 220 (2000 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Bkwala Classification: Skou, Skou-Serra-Lagoon, Serra Hills, Puari

Pulabu pup

Madang province. Users: 120 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Kabenau

Purari iar

Gulf province: Kapaina inlet to Orokolo, Purari river. Users: 7,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Evorra, Iai, Maipua, “Namau” (pej.) Autonym: Koriki Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Eleman, Purari

Pyu pby

Sandaun province: October river, Biake No. 2 village. East of Papua, Indonesia border. Users: 250 (2012 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ineisine Classification: Language isolate

Qaqet byx

East New Britain province: Gazelle peninsula. Users: 15,000 (Hellwig 2019). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baining, Kakat, Makakat, Maqaqet Autonym: Qaqet Classification: East New Britain, Baining

Ramoaaina rai

East New Britain province: Kokopo district, Duke of York Islands. Users: 10,300 (2000 census), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Duke of York, Ramuaina Autonym: Ramoaaina Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Ramopa kjx

Bougainville province: northwest Bougainville island, south of Rapoisi. Users: 6,000 (2000 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kereaka, Keriaka Classification: North Bougainville, Keriaka

Rao rao

Madang province: Keram river area, to East Sepik province border: lower Ramu valley. Users: 6,000 (1992 UBS). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Annaberg, Rao Breri Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Middle Ramu

Rapoisi kyx

Bougainville province: Kuna district, northwest Bougainville island. Most villages are inland. Users: 3,500 (1998 SIL). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Konua, Kunua Autonym: Rapoisi Classification: North Bougainville, Konua

Rapting rpt

Madang province: 30 km north of Madang. Users: 330 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Rawa rwo

Madang province. Rai Coast district (Karo dialect), Upper Ramu district (Rawa dialect); dialects on opposite sides of Finisterre Range. Users: 11,500 (1998 SIL), increasing. 7,000 Rawa and 4,500 Karo. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Erawa, Erewa, Raua Autonym: Rawa, Rawa mande Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Gusap-Mot

Rawo rwa

Sandaun province: coast, 35 km east of Vanimo, Leitre and Rawo area. Users: 640 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Skou, Skou-Serra-Lagoon, Serra Hills, Rawo-Main Serra, Rawo

Rema bow

Western province: Morehead district, Wereavere village. Users: 12 (2012 J. Thiessen). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Bothar Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Tonda

Rempi rmp

Madang province: north coast. Users: 1,590 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 2,440 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: A’e, Ai’, Erempi, Rempin Autonym: Aic Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Rerau rea

Madang province. Users: 590 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Nuru

Rifao nmw

Milne Bay province: Misima district, island group northwest of Sud-Est. Users: 1,100 (2000 census). 440 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Autonym: Rifao Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Kilivila-Louisiades, Nimoa-Sudest

Romkun rmk

Madang province. Users: 630 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Iski, Olvɨeŋgɨ In’ambreŋgɨ, Romaken, Romkuin Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Tamolan

Rotokas roo

Bougainville province: Central Bougainville district, central mountains. 28 villages. Users: 11,600 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Asiagao reo Autonym: Rotokas reo Classification: North Bougainville, Rotokas

Rumu klq

Gulf province: Kikori district, Kikori, Sirebi, and Tiviri rivers north of Kikori. Users: 3,870 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dumu, Kai-Iri, Kairi, Kibiri, Rumū Heì, Rumuwa, Tumu Autonym: Rumuhei Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Turama-Kikorian, Kairi

Saep spd

Madang province: Gowar river area, Rai coast, east of Madang. Users: 550 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 700 (2001 UNESCO). Status: 7 (Shifting). Autonym: Saep Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Yaganon

Safeyoka apz

Morobe province: Kaiapit, Lae-Wamba, and Menyamya districts. Users: 4,650 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ambari, Ampale, Ampeeli-Wojokeso, Ampele Autonym: Ampeeli Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Saliba sbe

Milne Bay province: China strait, Rogeia and Sariba islands, mainland across from Rogeia island, southwest Sideia island. Users: 3,000 (Oetzel 2019), increasing. 200 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Saliba-Logea, Sariba Autonym: Saliba Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, Suauic

Sam snx

Madang province: Rai coast, near the head of Astrolabe Bay along the Kabenau River, Songum, Buan, and Wongbe villages. Users: 700 (Rueck and Jore 2003). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Songum Autonym: Sam, Songumsam Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Mindjim

Sama nis

Morobe province: upper Erap river, south of Saruwaged range. Users: 2,000 (2006 SIL). Ethnic population: 2,000 (2006 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nimi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Erap

Samberigi ssx

Southern Highlands province: Lake Kutubu district, east of Erave. Users: 5,050 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Sambeleke, Sanaberigi, Sau Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Engan, Angal-Kewa

Samo smq

Western province: Lake Murray district, south Upper Strickland census district, east of Strickland river, north of Nomad. Users: 900 (2001 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Daba, Nomad, Supei Autonym: Samon Classification: Trans-New Guinea, East Strickland

Samosa swm

Madang province: inland from Aleishafen on Gogal river north tributary headwaters. Users: 90 (Wurm 2000). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Saniyo-Hiyewe sny

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, Wogamus river basin foothills; Sandaun province: Telefomin district, southeast of Wano river; Hiyowe dialect: Maposi village; Saniyo dialect: Hanasi, Malapute’e, Pukapuki, Salunapi, and Sio villages. Users: 1,300 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Sanio-Hiowe Autonym: Saniyo-Hiyewe Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Sanio

Saposa sps

Bougainville province: Buka district, island chain south of Buka Island off northwest coast of Bougainville. Users: 2,000 (2015 BTA). Status: 7 (Shifting). Autonym: Faa Saposa Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Nehan-North Bougainville, Saposa-Tinputz

Sarasira zsa

Morobe province: upper Markham valley, southeast side of Leron river. Users: 600 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 950 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sirasira, Som Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Upper, Mountain

Saruga sra

Madang province: 35 km north of Madang. Users: 160 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Sawiyanu amm

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, Ama (Wopolu I), Kauvia (Kawiya), Waniap creek, Wopolu II (Nokonufa), and Yonuwai villages; all on hills rising from the swamp south of Sepik river, south of Namia. Users: 490 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ama, Sawiyano Autonym: Sawiyanu Classification: Arai (Left May)

Seimat ssg

Western Manus province: Anchorite and Ninigo islands. Users: 1,400 (2010 SIL). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Ninigo Autonym: Kakai Seimat Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Western

Selepet spl

Morobe province: Kabwum district, Kiari and Pumune river valleys. Users: 7,240 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 7,500. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Selepe Autonym: Selepet Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Sene sej

Morobe province: east end of Huon peninsula. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers likely survived into the 1980s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Eastern

Sengo spk

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, Sengo village west-northwest of Pagwi. Users: 520 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Sengseng ssz

West New Britain province: southwest interior. Users: 1,750 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Asengseng Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Pasismanua

Sepa spe

Madang province: Manam island south coast, Bogia area. Users: 700 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Kairiru-Manam, Manam

Sera sry

Sandaun province: Aitape District; 3 villages. Users: 630 (2001 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,020 (2011 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Serra, Ssia Autonym: Ser Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Siau

Seta stf

Sandaun province. Users: 180 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 210 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Torricelli, West Wapei

Setaman stm

Western province: North Fly district, Olsobip RLLG, Baktamin area. Users: 500 (Bullock and Van Cott 2010). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Ok-Awyu, Ok, Mountain

Seti sbi

Sandaun province. Users: 160 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 160 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Torricelli, West Wapei

Sewa Bay sew

Milne Bay province: center of Normanby island, Sewa Bay area. Users: 4,510 (2000 census). 300 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Duau Pwata Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Dobu-Duau

Sialum slw

Morobe province: Huon peninsula, northeast coast. Users: 400 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 960 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Siane snp

Chimbu province: Nambaiyufa census division; Eastern Highlands province: Unggai and Watabung census divisions, Goroka district. Users: 29,000 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Siani, Siyane Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Siane

Siar-Lak sjr

New Ireland province: Namatanai district. Users: 2,500 (Rowe 2005). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lak, Lamassa, Lambom, Siar Autonym: ep warwar anun dat Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Siawi mmp

Sandaun province: south of Sepik river, between Amto and Ama. 1 village. Users: 220 (2007 NTM), increasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Musa, Musan, Musian, Siafli, Siwai Classification: Amto-Musan

Sibe nco

Bougainville province: Buin district. Users: 12,000 (Stebbins et al 2018), increasing. 100 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 12,000 (Stebbins et al 2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nagovis, Nagovisi, Nagovisinarai Karetaake, Sibbe, Sibe-Nagovisi Classification: South Bougainville, Nasioi

Sihan snr

Madang province: 35 km southwest of Madang. Users: 570 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Gum

Siliput mkc

Sandaun province: Makru-Klaplei division, Nuku district, Seleput village north of Mehek. Users: 520 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mai, Maimai, Seleput, Sokorok Classification: Torricelli, Maimai, Maimai Proper

Silopi xsp

Madang province: 25 km northwest of Madang. Users: 180 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 350 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Simbali smg

East New Britain province: Gazelle peninsula, Avungi and Kavudemki villages. Users: 450 (2012 SIL). Ethnic population: 450 (2012 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Asimbali Classification: East New Britain, Baining

Simbari smb

Eastern Highlands province: Obura-Wonenara district, Marawaka station, southeast of Lamari river; Gulf province: Kikori district, Baimuru and Ihu RLLGs. Users: 3,850 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Chimbari Autonym: Simbari Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Simeku smz

Bougainville province: Crown Prince Range west of Arawa, Koopei on east slope, Mainoki west. Users: 3,000 (2007 SIL). 2,000 Koopei and 1,000 Mainoki. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: South Bougainville, Nasioi

Sinagen siu

Sandaun province: 30 km south of Aitape. Users: 330 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Galu, Metru Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Sinasina sst

Chimbu province: Sinasina-Yonggamugl district, Sinasina RLLG. Users: 21,000 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chimbu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Chimbu

Sinaugoro snc

Central province: Rigo district, south of Kwikila. Users: 18,000 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Sinagoro Autonym: Sinaugoro Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, Sinagoro-Keapara

Sio xsi

Morobe province: Wasu district, mainland near Sio island. Users: 3,000 (Clark 2012). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sigawa, Siâ Autonym: Sio Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Sio

Siroi ssd

Madang province: Saidor district, Kumisanger village. 5 villages. Users: 1,310 (2003 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Suroi Autonym: Siroi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Kabenau

Sirva sbq

Madang province: 60 km northwest of Madang. Users: 250 (Daniels 2015). Ethnic population: 670 (2011 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Sileibi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Sogeram, Central Sogeram, North Central Sogeram

Sob urw

Madang province: Usino Bundi district, Usino subdistrict, northeast of Ramu valley. Users: 2,250 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kari, Sop, Usino Autonym: Sob Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Peka

Solong aaw

West New Britain province: southwest coast. Users: 4,160 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Arawe, Arove, Pililo Autonym: Solong Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Southwest New Britain, Arawe-Pasismanua, Arawe, West Arawe

Solos sol

Bougainville province: central and southwest Buka island. Users: 8,830 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Toros Autonym: Sumoun Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Nehan-North Bougainville, Solos

Somba-Siawari bmu

Morobe province: Finschhafen district, Central Huon peninsula, Lae south of Cromwell Range, Burum river valley and west slopes of Kuat river; scattered in Port Moresby. 30 villages. Users: 10,000 (2000 census). 5,500 Somba, 4,500 Siawari. 1,000 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 10,000 (2001 UNESCO). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bulum, Burum, Burum-Mindik, Mindik Autonym: Somba-Siawari Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Sonia siq

Western and Southern Highlands provinces: west and southwest of Bosavi. Users: 300 (Aiton 2019), decreasing. Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Bosavi

Soq mdc

Madang province: Astrolabe Bay coast and Finesterre foothills; three villages. Users: 700 (Daniels and Corbett 2019). Ethnic population: 990 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Koliku, Male Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Mindjim

Sori-Harengan sbh

Manus province: Manus island northwest coast; Harengan and Sori islands. Users: 770 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, West

Sos Kundi sdk

East Sepik province: Angoram, Kwaliangua (center village), Saussia, Wosera Gawi district, and Yangoru villages. Users: 3,300 (Richardson and Tupper 2013). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Agbane, Agbanekundi, Akbana, Gaikundi, Soskundi Autonym: Sos Kundi Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Sowanda sow

Sandaun province: Amanab district. Users: 970 in Papua New Guinea (2000 census). Total users in all countries: 1,180. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Waina, Wanja, Wanya, Wina Classification: Border, Waris

Suau swp

Milne Bay province: southeasternmost Papua mainland. Users: 20,810, all users. L1 users: 7,810 (2000 census). L2 users: 13,000 (2021). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Spoken on the southeastern tip of Papua New Guinea in Milne Bay province. Lingua franca in the 19th century. Used in trade, taro cultivation, hunting, housebuilding, literature, and church. Alternate Names: Iou, Suwau Autonym: Suau Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, Suauic

Sudest tgo

Milne Bay province: Yama-Yele district, Tagula island, west of Rossel island, end of Calvados chain. 17 villages or hamlets. Users: 2,450 (2000 census), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sud-Est, Tagula, Vanatinai, Vanga Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Kilivila-Louisiades, Nimoa-Sudest

Suena sue

Morobe province: Lae district, southeast coast, north of Yekora. Users: 3,600 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 3,700. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Yarawe, Yarawi, Yema Autonym: Suena Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, North Binanderean

Suganga sug

East Sepik province: Ambunti-Dreikikir district; Sandaun province: Telefomin district, east of Sepik river. Users: 350 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: North Mianmin, Wagarabai Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Ok-Awyu, Ok, Mountain

Suki sui

Western province: Lake Suki. Users: 3,510 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nausaku, Wiram Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Gogodala-Suki, Suki

Sukurum zsu

Morobe province: upper Markham valley, Leron river northwest side. Users: 1,160 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 1,160 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Wapu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Upper, Mountain

Sulka sua

East New Britain province: East Pomio district, Wide Bay coast. Users: 3,500 (Reesink 2005). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Moglon Autonym: Sulka Classification: Language isolate

Sumariup siv

East Sepik province: upper Wagupmeri river, Ratoma village. Users: 20 (Coulter 2007). Ethnic population: 130 (2000 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Latoma, Smajof, Sogoba, Sohoba, Togoba Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Bahinemo

Sumau six

Madang province: low mountain ranges between Ramu and Naru rivers. Users: 2,580 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Garia, Kari, Sumau-Garia Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Peka

Sursurunga sgz

New Ireland province: Namatanai district. Users: 5,000 (Benroi et al 2018). Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Sursurunga Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Susuami ssu

Morobe province: upper Watut valley outside Bulolo. Users: 10 (Wurm 2000). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Tabo knv

Western province: lower Aramia river, Alagi, Galu, Saiwase, and Waya villages; Bamu river, Alikinapi village; lower Fly river, Kenedibi, Urio, and Wagumi-Sarau villages; Segero Creek, Segero village. Users: 3,500 (2003 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Hibaradai, Hiwi, Waia, Waya Autonym: Tabo Classification: South-Central Papuan, Waia

Tainae ago

Gulf province: Ivori-Swanson district, Famba, Paiguna, and Pio are main villages. Users: 1,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ivori Autonym: Tainae Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Tairora, North tbg

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantu and Obura districts, north of Kainantu. Users: 5,000 (Vincent and Kaave 2010). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mopara Autonym: Tairora Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Tairora

Tairora, South omw

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantu and Obura districts, south of Kainantu. Users: 8,000 (Vincent and Kaave 2010). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Tairora Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Tairora

Tairuma uar

Gulf province: Uaripi and villages near Kerema. Users: 4,500 (Rueck et al 2010), increasing. Ethnic population: 4,500 (Rueck et al 2010). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kerema, Tairuma’a, Uaripi Autonym: Tairuma Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Eleman, Nuclear Eleman, Eastern

Takia tbc

Madang province: Madang district, Bagabag island, Karkar island south half, Megiar and Serang coastal villages. Users: 25,000 (Ross 2002c). Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Takia Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Bel, Nuclear Bel, Northern

Takuu nho

Bougainville province: Atolls district, northeast of Bougainville, Mortlock village, Takuu atoll; scattered, especially on mainland Papua New Guinea. Users: 1,750 (Moesinger 2018). 320 on Takuu atoll. 100 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mortlock, Taku, Tau, Tauu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Ellicean

Tami tmy

Morobe province: Tami Islands and mainland villages south of Finschhafen. Users: 2,100 (2010 SIL), increasing. 1,000 in each dialect. Status: 5* (Developing). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Tami

Tandɨ ygm

Madang province: Saidor district, coast southeast of Seure, Yagomi village. Users: 20 (2020 SIL). Ethnic population: 300 (2020 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Tanda, Yagomi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Warup

Tanggu tgu

Madang province: Bogia district. Users: 3,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Tanggu-Nai, Tanggum, Tangu Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Tanggu

Tanguat tbs

Madang province: south of Tanggu [tgu] language area. Users: 740 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Autonym: Tanguat Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Tanggu

Tapei afp

East Sepik province: Karawari rural district, Awim and Imboin villages, Arafundi river area. Users: 250 (Kassell et al 2017). Ethnic population: 250 (Kassell et al 2017). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tape Classification: Arafundi

Tauade ttd

Central province: Goilala district northeast; Oro province: Sohe district, Kira RLLG. Users: 12,000 (Stutzman and Stutzman 2016). Ethnic population: 12,000 (Stutzman and Stutzman 2016). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tauata Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Goilalan, Kunimaipa

Taupi awm

Madang province. Users: 320 (2016 J. Claussen). Ethnic population: 320 (2016 J. Claussen). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Arawum Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Kabenau

Taupota tpa

Milne Bay province: Alotau district, Maramatana LGA, East Cape, Garuwahi to Wamawamana, includes Taupota village. Users: 1,280 (2001 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Autonym: Taupota Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Taupota

Tauya tya

Madang province: Ramu river valley, 30 km west of Dumpu. Users: 400 (MacDonald 2013). Ethnic population: 690 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Foʔu, Inafosa Autonym: Foʔu Po Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Biyom-Tauya

Tawala tbo

Milne Bay province: Alotau district, Awaiama to East Cape, Milne Bay north and south shores, Basilaki and Sideia islands. Users: 16,200, all users. L1 users: 10,000 (2001 SIL). L2 users: 6,200 (2021). Ethnic population: 10,000 (2001 SIL). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Tavara, Tawara Autonym: Tawala Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Taupota

Tay taw

Madang province: Upper Aunjang, middle Asai, and Mjbl valleys. Users: 1,000 (2013 PBT). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Tai, Tai mnm, Tay mnm, Ti Autonym: Tay Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Kalam-Kobon

Tayap gpn

East Sepik province: Gapun village and surrounding areas, Wongan, Atam, and Boroi villages. Users: 20 (Kulick and Terrill 2019), decreasing. Ethnic population: 300 (Kulick and Terrill 2019). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Gapun, Taiap Classification: Language isolate

Tayatuk smc

Morobe province: northwest Huon peninsula, on middle Som river, a tributary of Uruwa river, east of Wantoat [wnc] language area. Users: 500 (Guérin 2017). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dinanget, Som, Somm Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Uruwa

Telefol tlf

Sandaun province: Telefomin district, large central area; Western province: North Fly district, Star Mountains and Olsobip RLLGs. Users: 5,630 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Teleefool, Telefolmin, Telefomin Autonym: Telefol Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Ok-Awyu, Ok, Mountain

Tenis tns

New Ireland province: Tench (Enus) island, Kavieng. Users: 30 (Wurm 2000), decreasing. Ethnic population: 250 (2015 J. Brownie). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Tench Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, St. Matthias

Teop tio

Bougainville province: Tinputz district, northeast. Users: 14,000 (2022 SIL). Ethnic population: 14,000 (2022 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Teapu, Tiop Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Nehan-North Bougainville, Saposa-Tinputz

Terebu trb

East Sepik province: Taul coast southeast of Wewak, Turubu village. Users: 130 (1990 SIL). Ethnic population: 470 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Terepu, Turubu, Turupu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Kairiru-Manam, Kairiru

Terei buo

Bougainville province: Buin district. Users: 26,500 (2003 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Buin, Kugara, Telei Autonym: Puuiŋ, Terei Classification: South Bougainville, Buin

Tiang tbj

New Ireland province: east Djaul island area. Users: 4,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Djaul Autonym: Tiaang Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Lavongai-Nalik

Tifal tif

Sandaun province: Telefomin district, south of Sepik river; Western province: North Fly district, Star Mountains RLLG. Users: 3,600 (2003 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Tifalmin Autonym: Tifal Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Ok-Awyu, Ok, Mountain

Tigak tgc

New Ireland province: Kavieng district, west Djaul island. Users: 10,000 (Jenkins 2005). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Omo Autonym: Tigak Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Lavongai-Nalik

Timbe tim

Morobe province: Kabwum district, Timbe river valley and tributaries. Users: 11,000 (1991 SIL), increasing. 6,000 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Status: 5 (Developing). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Tinputz tpz

Bougainville province: Teop-Tinputz district. Users: 5,350 (2004 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Timputs, Vasui, Vasuii, Wasoi Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Nehan-North Bougainville, Saposa-Tinputz

Titan ttv

Manus province: Manus island, southeast coast, Baluan, Bundro, Johnson, M’buke, Rambutyo, Tawi, Tilianu, and Wal islands. Users: 5,100 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: M’bunai, Manus, Moanus, Tito Autonym: Titan Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, East

Toaripi tqo

Gulf province: Cape Possession to Cape Cupola, Kerema is a main town. Users: 25,200 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: East Elema, Motumotu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Eleman, Nuclear Eleman, Eastern

Tobo tbv

Morobe province: upper Kuat river valley, south of Cromwell range. Users: 3,230 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Huon, Western

Tok Pisin tpi

Widespread. Users: 4,122,000 in Papua New Guinea, all users. L1 users: 122,000 in Papua New Guinea (2004 SIL), increasing. L2 users: 4,000,000 (2001 UNESCO). 50,000 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Total users in all countries: 4,125,740 (as L1: 125,740; as L2: 4,000,000). Status: 1 (National). De facto national language. Alternate Names: Melanesian English, Neomelanesian, New Guinea Pidgin English, Pidgin, Pisin Autonym: Tok Pisin Classification: Creole, English based, Pacific

Tokano zuh

Eastern Highlands province: Goroka district. Users: 6,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Gamuso, Tokama, Yufiyufa, Zaka Autonym: Gamoze Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Gahuku-Benabena

Tomoip tqp

East New Britain province: Pomio district, Waterfall Bay to Wide Bay and interior; West New Britain province: Talasea district, inland from Open bay, small border area. Users: 2,000 (2002 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tomoive, Tomoyp, Tumie, Tumuip Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Tomoip

Torau ttu

Bougainville province: southeast coast, north of Kieta. Users: 2,000 (Jepson 2014). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Rorovana Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Mono-Uruava

Toura don

Central province: Galley Reach area, 50 km northwest of Port Moresby. Users: 1,800 (2007 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Doura Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, West Central Papuan, Nuclear

Tulil tuh

East New Britain province: Gazelle peninsula; Taulil 1, Taulil 2, Kadaulung, and Toma villages. Users: 2,000 (2012 SIL). Ethnic population: 2,440 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Taulil Classification: East New Britain, Taulil

Tulu-Bohuai rak

Manus province: Bohuai, Peli island, Pelipowai. Users: 1,970 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bohuai, Bohuai-Tulu, Bowai, Pahavai, Pelipowai, Pohuai Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Eastern, Manus, West

Tuma-Irumu iou

Morobe province: Kaiapit district, Wantoat subdistrict. Users: 1,100 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,560 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Irumu, Tatuma-Irumu, Tuma, Upper Irumu Autonym: Tuma Man Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Wantoat

Tumleo tmq

Sandaun province: Tumleo island, Aitape coast area. Users: 790 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Siau

Tungag lcm

New Ireland province: Lamet district, New Hanover, Tingwon, and Umbukul islands. Users: 16,000 (Fast 2015). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dang, Lavangai, Lavongai, Toangai, Tungak Autonym: Tungag Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Lavongai-Nalik

Turaka trh

Milne Bay province: southwest of Radarada and Ruaba, inland from Goodenough bay. Users: 25 (Wurm 2000). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Dagan

Turumsa tqm

Western province: Middle Fly district, Makapa village. Users: 5 (2002 SIL), decreasing. Possibly no remaining speakers (2011). Ethnic population: 870 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Bosavi

Tuwari tww

Sandaun province: middle Sepik region, upper Walio river; near Akiapmin south of Central Range. Users: 740 (2011 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Sepik, Leonhard Schultze

Uare ksj

Central province: Rigo Inland district, southeast of Port Moresby, Hunter and Kemp Welsh rivers. Users: 1,300 (2004 SIL). 550 Garihe, 750 Uare (2004 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kwale, Kware Autonym: Uare Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Kwalean

Ubir ubr

Milne Bay province: Alotau district, Makamaka RLLG; Oro province: Afore district, Tufi RLLG, Collingwood Bay coast, Kwagila river; Milne Bay provincial border area. Users: 2,560 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kubiri, Ubiri Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Are

Ufim ufi

Morobe province: Markham river upper reaches. Users: 1,320 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Gusap-Mot

Uisai uis

Bougainville province: Buin district. Users: 350 (2001 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 1,500 (2001 UNESCO). Status: 4 (Educational). Autonym: Uisai Classification: South Bougainville, Buin

Ukuriguma ukg

Madang province: 40 km northwest of Madang. Users: 170 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Numugen, Yarawata-Parawen-Ukuriguma

Ulau-Suain svb

Sandaun province: Suain coastal area, Ulau 1, Ulau 2. Users: 2,800 (2003 SIL), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ainiayn, Suain Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Siau

Ulwa yla

East Sepik province: Angoram district, Dimiri, Manu, Maruat, and Yaul villages. Users: 700 (Barlow 2018). Ethnic population: 3,900 (Barlow 2018). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Yaul Classification: Mongol-Langam

Uma roe

Madang and Morobe provinces: 1 village in each province, north coast of Huon peninsula, northwest of Wasu, north-northwest of Sapmanga, southeast of Saidor. Users: 450 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 740 (2020 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gali, Roinji, Ronji Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Roinji-Nenaya

Umanakaina gdn

Milne Bay province: Rabaraba district, Goodenough Bay coast, inland between Mount Gwoira and Mount Simpson. Users: 2,810 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Gvede, Gweda, Gwede, Gwedena, Umanikaina Autonym: Umanakaina Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Dagan

Umbu-Ungu ubu

Western Highlands province. Tambul district (No-Penge dialect), lower Kaugel district (Kala dialect), Southern Highlands province (Andelale dialect). Users: 32,000 (Head 2010). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gawigl, Gawil, Hagen, Imbo-Ungu, Kakoli, Kaugel, Kauil, Ubu Ugu, Umbongu Autonym: Umbu-Ungu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Hagen, Kaugel

Umeda upi

Sandaun province: Amanda district, south of Imonda. Users: 290 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 290 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Border, Bewani

Uneapa bbn

West New Britain province: Talasea district, Unea island, off northwest coast. Users: 12,000 (2010 Ethnos360). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bali, Bali-Vitu, Unea Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, Bali-Vitu

Uni uni

Sandaun province: West Aitape LLG, Ramo village; south of Sera and Sissano coast. Users: 670 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 670 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ramo Classification: Skou, Skou-Serra-Lagoon, Serra Hills, Lagoon

Unserdeutsch uln

Scattered. Users: 10 in Papua New Guinea (2016 P. Maitz). Total users in all countries: 110. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Rabaul Creole German Classification: Creole, German based

Unubahe unu

Milne Bay province: Gumini village. Users: 7 (2012 SIL). Ethnic population: 59 (2001 SIL). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Unoba’i Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, Suauic

Ura uro

East New Britain province: Gazelle peninsula. Users: 5,000 (2018 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Auramot, Uramet, Uramit, Uramot, Uramät Autonym: Ura Classification: East New Britain, Baining

Urapmin urm

Sandaun province: Telefomin district, southern headwaters Sepik river; Western province: North Fly district, Olsobip RLLG, Dumidubi area. Users: 370 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Urabmin, Urap Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Ok-Awyu, Ok, Mountain

Urat urt

East Sepik province: Dreikikir district, southwest of Wom, south of Kombio. 20 villages, several hamlets. Users: 7,000 (Arminen et al 2017), decreasing. 2,500 in Wasep Yehre (Arminen et al 2017). Status: 6b (Threatened). Autonym: Urat Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Urat

Uri uvh

Morobe province: Boana district. Users: 3,000 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 3,110 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Erap, Uri Vehees, Urii Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Erap

Urim uri

East Sepik province: Maprik subdistrict; Sandaun province: Nuku subdistrict, southwest of Kombio. 16 villages. Users: 4,000 (Wood 2012). 40 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kurom, Kwrom, Tayon, Wan Autonym: Urim Classification: Torricelli, Urim

Urimo urx

East Sepik province: 35 km south of Wewak. Users: 800 (2003 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Ulimo, Yaugiba Classification: Torricelli, Marienberg

Uruava urv

Bougainville province: southeast coast. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Mono-Uruava

Usan wnu

Madang province: Madang district, 65 km northwest of Madang. Users: 1,400 (1991 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Wanuma Autonym: Usan Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Numugen, Karian-Usan-Yaban

Usarufa usa

Eastern Highlands province: Okapa district. Users: 1,200 (2009 S. Bird). Ethnic population: 4,700 (2000 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Usurufa, Uturupa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Gadsup-Auyana-Awa

Utarmbung omo

Madang province. Users: 1,170 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Namnd, Osum, Utarmbu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Josephstaal, Osum

Utu utu

Madang province: 30 km west of Madang. Users: 1,010 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Uya usu

Madang province: Trans-Gogol district. Users: 270 (2003 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Usu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Nuru

Uyajitaya duk

Madang province: 30 km south of Madang. Users: 1,050 (Kassell et al 2008). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Abowe, Amito, Amowe, Duduela, Koki, Uyaji, Xuyadzitaya, Yabatia Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Nuru

Vehes val

Morobe province: near the coast between Lae and Salamaua. 1 village. Users: 70 (Wurm 2000). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Buasi, Vehees Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Buang

Vinitiri vmg

East New Britain province: Ataliklikun bay, Lungalunga and Vunamarita villages on Gazelle peninsula. Users: 6,000 (2012 SIL). Ethnic population: 6,000 (2012 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lungalunga, Minigir, Minigiri, Tavue, Vinitiri Tuna Autonym: Vinitiri, Vinitiri Lungalungá Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Mono-Uruava

Vitu wiv

West New Britain Province: Talasea district, Vitu and Bali islands off northwest coast. Users: 7,000 (van den Berg and Bachet 2006). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Bali-Vitu, Muduapa, Pole Matotoa, Tok Vitu, Vittu, Witu Autonym: Pole Vitu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, Bali-Vitu

Vula’a hul

Central province: Hood peninsula; National Capital District. Users: 5,000 (Van Heekeren 2014). Ethnic population: 5,000 (Van Heekeren 2014). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bula’a, Hula, Vulaa Autonym: Vula’a Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, Sinagoro-Keapara

Wa’ema wag

Milne Bay province: Alotau district, Huhu local government area, Giligili estates to Turnbull war memorial, Milne Bay area north up to East Cape coastal range. Users: 1,020 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Waema, Waiema Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Taupota

Waboda kmx

Western province: Wabuda island, Dameratamu, Gesoa, Kabaturi, Maduduo, Meipani, Sagero, Tirere, and Wapi villages on Fly river mouth north bank. Users: 2,750 (2003 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Wabuda Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kiwaian

Wadaginam wdg

Madang province: 30 km southeast of Erima. Users: 950 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Wadaginamb Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, South Adelbert, Josephstaal, Wadaginam

Waffa waj

Eastern Highlands province: Kainantau district, small border area near To’okena; Morobe province: Kaiapit district, Waffa river headwaters, 5 villages. Users: 1,990 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Vuafaaqaa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Kainantu, Tairora

Wagama abg

Eastern Highlands province: Henganofi district, Dunantina valley, Kese village. Users: 600 (2017 SIL). No monolinguals (2017 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,000 (2017 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Abaga, Vaga, Wagaba Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Kalam-Kobon

Wagawaga wgb

Milne Bay province: Upper and Lower Dawadawa wards, along Tawala river and east of Wagawaga village, in the middle of Tawala [tbo] language area. Users: 600 (2000 census). 60 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baeaula, Beauli, Ealeba, Gamadoudou, Gibara, Kilikilana Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, Suauic

Wagi fad

Madang province: northwest of Madang, Foran, Kamba, Kauris, Mis, and Silibob villages. Users: 3,380 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Foran, Furan, Kamba, Mis-Kemba Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Wahgi wgi

Jiwaka province: Minj district; Chimbu province: south of Wahgi river. Users: 39,000 (1999 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Banz Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Wahgi

Waima rro

Central province: Bereina district, Hall Sound shores between Yule island and mainland, northwest of Port Moresby. Users: 12,000 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 15,000 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Roro Autonym: Waima Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, West Central Papuan, Nuclear

Walio wla

East Sepik province: Walio (Leonhardt Schultze) river. Users: 230 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Sepik, Leonhard Schultze

Walman van

Sandaun province: east of Aitape. Users: 1,740 (2003 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Koroko, Koruon, Valman Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Wamas wmc

Madang province: 40 km north of Madang. 10 villages. Users: 220 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Wampar lbq

Morobe province: lower Markham and Wamped rivers. Users: 15,000 (Beer and Bender 2015). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Laewamba, Laewomba, Laiwomba, Ngaeng Wampar Autonym: Dzob Wampar, Wampar Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Lower, Wampar

Wampur waz

Morobe province: Wanton river, Mirir and Wampur villages (Holzknecht 1989); some in Aringon village of Waffa [waj] language group. Users: 530 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 550. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Wampul Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Upper, Mountain

Wanambre wnb

Madang province: 55 km west of Karkar island. Users: 590 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mokati, Vanambere Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Kumil-Tibor, Tibor

Wanap wnp

Sandaun province: north of Mehek, northeast of Siliput. Users: 1,070 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kayik Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Palei

Wantoat wnc

Morobe province: Kaiapit district, Bam, Leron, and Wantoat rivers. Users: 8,000 (Quigley 2012). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Wantoat

Wára tci

Western province: Morehead district, villages west of Morehead. Users: 930 (Evans et al 2018). 150 Anta, 200 Komnzo, 350 Wára, 100 Wèré, and 130 Kémä (Evans et al 2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ara, Kamindjo, Rouku, Tjokwai, Tokwasa, Upper Morehead, Vara, Wärä, Yumbar Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Tonda

Waran byz

East Sepik and Madang provinces. Users: 4,000 (2019 PBT). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Banar, Banara, Banaro Autonym: Waran Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Ramu, Grass

Waris wrs

Sandaun province: Amanab district, Wasengla area. Users: 2,500 in Papua New Guinea (2008 SIL), increasing. Total users in all countries: 3,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Walsa Classification: Border, Waris

Wartha Thuntai gnt

Western province: Morehead district; Torassi River area. Users: 430 (Evans et al 2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Guntai, Kan, Thuntai, Warta Thuntai, Wartha Classification: South-Central Papuan, Morehead-Upper Maro, Tonda

Waruna wrv

Western province: Aramia river area, Waruna village. Users: 600 (1991 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Gogodala-Suki, Gogodala

Warwar Feni hrw

New Ireland province: Feni islands. Users: 2,100 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Anir, Feni, Tangga Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai

Wasembo gsp

Morobe province: west of Ufim. Users: 830 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Biapim, Gusap, Horokoi, Yankowan Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang

Waskia wsk

Madang province: Madang district, northern half of Karkar island. Users: 20,000 (2007 SIL). Ethnic population: 22,850 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Vaskia, Woskia Autonym: Waskia Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Kowan

Watakataui wtk

East Sepik province: middle Korosameri river branch, Meska and Wenim villages. Users: 750 (2020 Ethnos360). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Waxe Classification: Sepik, Sepik Hill, Bahinemo

Watiwa wtf

Madang province: upper Ramu river valley, close to Dumpu station. Users: 510 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dumpu, Watifa Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Evapia

Waube kop

Madang province: Astrolabe bay region, southeast of Madang town, near the Ioworo, Mindjim, and Naru rivers, 9 villages. Users: 1,650 (Kassell et al 2009). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kwato, Waupe Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Nuru

Wedau wed

Milne Bay province: Rabaraba district, Weraura local government area, mainland from Kuvira Bay to Dogura along north coast. Users: 13,700, all users. L1 users: 2,700 (2001 SIL). L2 users: 11,000 (2021). 900 monolinguals. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Prestige language and LWC for other language groups. Alternate Names: Wamira, Wedaun, Wedawan Autonym: Pona Wedau Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Taupota

Weliki klh

Morobe province: lower Timbe river valley. Users: 670 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 760 (2016 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Karangi, Weleki Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Uruwa

Weri aon

East Sepik province: Maprik district, Torricelli mountains, south of Wom. 13 villages. Users: 4,340 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 8,680. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bambita Arapesh, Bumbita Arapesh, But Arapesh Autonym: Weri Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Arapesh

Wia ssj

Madang province: Upper Ramu river, near Koropa. Users: 500 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sausi, Uya, Wiya Autonym: Wia, Witi Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Evapia

Wiarumus tua

East Sepik province: Mandi village, southeast of Wewak on coast. Users: 460 (2000 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Imandi, Mandi Autonym: Wiarumus Classification: Torricelli, Marienberg

Wipi gdr

Western province: east third of area between Fly delta, estuary, and south coast. Users: 3,290 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Jibu, Oriomo, “Gidra” (pej.) Autonym: Wipi Classification: Eastern Trans-Fly

Witu wiu

Southern Highlands province: Ialibu district. Users: 20,000 (Stewart and Strathern 2002). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Wiru Autonym: Witu Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Wiru

Wogamusin wog

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, juncture of Niksek (April) and Sepik rivers. 4 villages. Users: 700 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Wongamusin Classification: Sepik, Wogamusin-Chenapian

Wogeo woc

East Sepik province: Koil islands and Vokeo islands. Users: 1,600 (Exter 2012). Ethnic population: 1,750 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Oageva, Uageo Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Schouten, Kairiru-Manam, Manam

Wom wmo

East Sepik province: Maprik district, east of Wara Sikau; Dreikikir district, west of Maprik; Torricelli mountain foothills. 12 villages. Users: 4,260 (2003 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Mie, Wam Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Kombio

Wutung wut

Sandaun province: Vanimo district, coast bordering Papua, Indonesia, Wutung village. Users: 580 (Marmion 2010). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Udung Classification: Skou, Skou-Serra-Lagoon, Nuclear Skou, Eastern Skou

Wuvulu-Aua wuv

Western Manus province: Aua, Durour, Maty, and Wuvulu islands. Users: 1,600 (Hafford 2014). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Aua-Viwulu, Viwulu-Aua Autonym: Wuvulu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Admiralty Islands, Western

Yabem jae

Morobe province: Huon peninsula, near Finschhafen coast. Users: 18,080, all users. L1 users: 2,080 (McElhanon 1978). L2 users: 16,000 (2021). Ethnic population: 5,890 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Jabem, Jabim, Laulabu, Yabim Autonym: Jabêm Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, North

Yaben ybm

Madang province: 65 km northwest of Madang. Users: 1,090 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Numugen, Karian-Usan-Yaban

Yabong ybo

Madang province. Users: 1,500 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Autonym: Yabong Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Rai Coast, Yaganon

Yagaria ygr

Eastern Highlands province: Goroka district. Users: 37,800 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Yagaria Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Kamano-Yagaria

Yagwoia ygw

Eastern Highlands province: Iqwalaqamalje; Gulf province: Gwase; Morobe province: Hiqwase, Hiqwaye, and Yeqwangilje. Users: 10,000 (2005 R. Westerveld). 1,500 Iwalaqamalje, 1,500 Gwase, 7,000 Hiqwaye, Hiqwase, Yeqwangilje. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kokwaiyakwa, Yeghuye Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Yahang rhp

Sandaun province: west of Mehek. Users: 1,430 (2003 SIL). 1,120 in area, 66 outside. Ethnic population: 2,020 (2011 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ruruhi’ip, Ruruhip, Ya’unk Classification: Torricelli, Maimai, Maimai Proper

Yakaikeke ykk

Milne Bay province: Alotau district, Weraura local government area, Goodenough Bay between Wedau and Radava, Diruna near Manubada. Users: 100 (1998 SIL). Ethnic population: 240 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Iakaikeke Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D’Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Taupota

Yalaku ylg

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, 3 villages. Users: 900 (Aikhenvald 2018). No monolinguals (Aikhenvald 2018). Ethnic population: 900 (Aikhenvald 2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Buiamanambu, Kaunga, Yelogu Classification: Sepik, Ndu

Yale nce

Sandaun province: Amanab district, west of Namia. 6 villages. South of Kwomtari [kwo] language, north of Abau [aau] language area, northeast of Busa [bhf] language area, east of Biaka [bio] language area, southeast of Angor [agg] and Amanab [amn] language areas. Users: 600 (2015 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Nagatiman, Nagatman, Yadë, Yarë Autonym: Yalë Classification: Language isolate

Yaleba ylb

Milne Bay province: Huhu LGA, Dalidali, Gamadoudou, Gibara, Gwaugulina, Iwame, Kilakilana, and Wanabelo villages. Users: 1,330 (2005 SIL). Only 25 Sileba dialect speakers. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aisana Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, Suauic

Yamap ymp

Morobe province: Francisco river area. Users: 1,580 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Hote

Yambes ymb

East Sepik province: Dreikikkir district, east and southeast of Kombio, northwest of Wom. 4 villages. Users: 1,080 (2003 SIL), decreasing. No monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Kombio

Yangum Dey yde

Sandaun province: Nuku district. Users: 180 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Palei

Yangum Gel ygl

Sandaun province: Nuku district. Users: 45 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 45 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Palei

Yangum Mon ymo

Sandaun province: Nuku district. Users: 730 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aiku, Malek, Menandon, Minendon Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Palei

Yarawata yrw

Madang province. Users: 130 (2003 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Northern Adelbert, Numugen, Yarawata-Parawen-Ukuriguma

Yareba yrb

Oro province: Ijitivari and Popondetta districts, Moni river basin. Users: 1,230 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Middle Musa Autonym: Yareba Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Southeast Papuan, Yareban

Yau yuw

Morobe province: Kabwum district, Boit, Boksawin, Komdaron, Kotet, Mitmit, Mup, Sapmanga, Sapurong, Sindamon, Sugan, Towet, Worin, and Yawan villages. Users: 2,380 (2000 census). 1,000 Nungon (Sarvasy 2014). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Uruwa Autonym: Yaö Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Uruwa

Yau yyu

Sandaun province: northwest of Lumi, Senim village. Users: 200 (2014 SIL). Ethnic population: 350 (2014 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Yaweyuha yby

Eastern Highlands province: Goroka district, south of Goroka. Users: 2,340 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Yabiyufa, Yawiyuha Autonym: Yaweyuha Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Kainantu-Goroka, Gorokan, Siane

Yawiyo ybx

East Sepik province: Ambunti-Dreikikir district; Sandaun province: Telefomin district, east of Duranmin, 3 villages; language area situated astride upstream portion of Wano river. Users: 66 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Yabio Classification: Sepik, Leonhard Schultze

Yawuno Teneyo itr

East Sepik province: northwest Ambunti Dreikikir district; Sandaun province: Rocky Peak mountains. Users: 500 (Brooks 2020). Ethnic population: 800 (2015 The Traveling Team). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Alowiemino, Iteri, Iyo, Laro, Rocky Peak, Yawuno, Yinibu Classification: Arai (Left May)

Yekora ykr

Morobe province: Morobe government station area. 2 villages. Users: 1,050 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,080 (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, Yekora

Yélî Dnye yle

Milne Bay province: Misima district, Rossel island at Calvados chain east end; Alotau and Port Moresby. Users: 5,000 (Levinson 2015). 400 monolinguals (2001 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 5,000 (Levinson 2015). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Rossel, Yela, Yelatnye, Yele, Yelejong, Yeletnye, Yelidnye Autonym: Yélî Dnye Classification: Yele-West New Britain, Yele

Yerakai yra

East Sepik province: Ambunti district, southeast near government station. 2 villages. Users: 380 (2000 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Yerekai Classification: Sepik, Yerakai

Yeri yev

Sandaun province: south-southeast of Aitape, on upper Om river, Yapunda village. Users: 150 (Wilson 2017). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Reiwo, Yapunda, wigal Yeri Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Yessan-Mayo yss

East Sepik province: Ambunti district; Sandaun province: Wan Wan district, south of Mehek. 10 villages. Users: 1,990 (2000 census). 993 Yawu dialect (2000 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Maio-Yesan, Mayo, Mayo-Yesan, Yasyin, Yesan Autonym: Yamano Classification: Sepik, Tama

Yil yll

Sandaun province: northwest of Au [avt] language area. 16 villages. Users: 2,470 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Yimas yee

East Sepik province: near Chambri, Arafundi and middle Karawari rivers. Users: 50 (Foley 2016). Ethnic population: 350 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Ramu-Lower Sepik, Lower Sepik, Karawari

Yipma byr

Eastern Highlands province: Marawaka district. Users: 9,610 (2000 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Barua, Baruya Autonym: Yɨ’mayagaala Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Angan, Nuclear Angan

Yis yis

Sandaun province: west of Lumi. 5 villages. Users: 800 (2014 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,000 (2014 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei

Yoba yob

Central province: north of Magori. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably survived into the 1980s (Dutton 1976). Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, Oumic, Magoric

Yoidik ydk

Madang province: 35 km north of Madang on the coast. Users: 770 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Hanseman

Yongkom yon

Western province: Fly and Tedi (Alice) rivers and toward Lake Murray. Users: 6,000 (Christensen 2010). All Yongkom speakers: 20,000 across Papua New Guinea and West Papua (Christensen 2010). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Yonggom, Yongom Autonym: Yongkom Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Ok-Awyu, Ok, Lowland

Yopno yut

Madang and Morobe provincial borders: Finisterre range. Users: 8,000 (Slotta 2012), increasing. 6,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 8,000 (Slotta 2015). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Yupna Autonym: Yopno Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Yupna

Yote wab

Madang province: Huon peninsula north coast, Saui and Wab villages next to Saidor. Users: 390 (2001 SIL). Ethnic population: 440 (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Som, Wab Autonym: Yote Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Bel, Astrolabe

Yout Wam ytw

Madang province: Finisterre mountains north slope of Rai Coast, Yout village. Users: 270 (2006 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Finisterre-Huon, Finisterre, Yupna

Yui sll

Chimbu province: Gumine district. 10 villages. Users: 6,500 (Wurm and Hattori 1981), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Iui, Salt, Salt-Iui, Salt-Yui Autonym: Yui Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Chimbu

Yuwei whg

Chimbu province: Kerowagi district; Madang province: Usino-Bundi district, Usino LLG; Jiwaka province: Minj district; both sides of Sepik-Wahgi divide. Users: 58,000 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banz, Jiwaka, North Wahgi, Yu We, Yu Wei, Yuwe Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Chimbu-Wahgi, Wahgi

Zenag zeg

Morobe province: Mumeng district, northwest of Bulolo. Users: 1,980 (2000 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Zenang Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Buang, Mumeng

Zia zia

Morobe province: Huon Gulf district, Morobe Patrol Post station near Waria river mouth; downstream from Oro province, Sohe district. Users: 6,550 (2000 census). Ethnic population: 6,550 (2000 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Lower Waria, Tsia, Ziya Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Greater Binanderean, Binanderean, North Binanderean

Zimakani zik

Western province: Lake Murray south end. Users: 4,630 (2011 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baegwa, Bagwa Zimakani, Dea Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Marind, Boazi