Pakistan

Languages

Aer aeq

Sindh province: Jikrio Goth near Kunri; Deh area, Hyderabad, Jamesabad. Users: 100 (1998). Women monolingual. Ethnic population: 330 Aer in Deh area. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati

Badeshi bdz

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Bishigram valley upper reaches, Swat Kohistan; small groups in Pooran Chakesar, Swat, and Tirat valleys; Alai. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 2000s. Ethnic population: 2,830 (2000). Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Badakhshi Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Unclassified

Bagri bgq

Punjab and Sindh provinces. Users: 306,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bagari, Bagria, Bagris, Bahgri, Baorias, Bawri Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Unclassified

Balochi, Eastern bgp

Balochistan province: northeast; Punjab province: southwest; Sindh province: northwest. Users: 2,930,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 2,930,800. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baloci, Baluchi, Baluci, Eastern Hill Balochi Autonym: بلوچی‎ (Balochi) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi

Balochi, Southern bcc

South Balochistan and Sindh provinces, Karachi. Users: 2,450,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 3,555,700. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baloci, Baluchi, Baluci, Makrani Autonym: Balóchi, بلوچی‎ (Balochi) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi

Balochi, Western bgn

Balochistan province: northwest; Sindh province: Dadu district. Users: 1,050,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 2,264,350. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baloci, Baluchi, Baluci Autonym: بلوچی‎ (Balochi) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi

Balti bft

Gilgit Baltistan province: Hunza-Nagar district; Baltistan region, Gultari, Khapalu, Kharmang, Rondu, Shigar, and Skardu valleys. Users: 425,000 in Pakistan (2018). Total users in all countries: 438,800. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baltistani, Bhotia of Baltistan, Byltae, Sbalti Autonym: بلتی‎ (Baltī) Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Western Tibeto-Burman, Bodish, Central Bodish, Western

Baluchi bal

Users: Population total all languages (L1 only): 8,750,850. Status:

Bateri btv

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: south Kohistan district; Indus river east bank, some north of Besham, Batera area. Users: 39,000 in Pakistan (2018). Total users in all countries: 39,800. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Batera Kohistani, Baterawal, Baterawal Kohistani, Bateri Kohistani, Bhaṭʹe-sa zʹib Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani

Bengali ben

Users: 326,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Eastern, Bengali-Assamese

Bhaya bhe

Sindh province: Jamesabad, Kapri Goth, Khipro area, Mirke goth, Mirpurkhas, Phuladia, and a few in Hyderabad. Possibly in India. Users: 70 (1998). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Unclassified

Brahui brh

Balochistan and Sindh provinces: east in Kalat and Quetta region. Users: 2,640,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 2,864,400. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Birahui, Brahuidi, Brahuigi, Kur Galli Autonym: براہوئی‎ (brāhūʾī) Classification: Dravidian, Northern

Brokskat bkk

Gilgit-Baltistan province: Ganche district, Ganokh village. Users: 400 in Pakistan (2022). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina

Burushaski bsk

Gilgit Baltistan province: north Gilgit district areas, Hunza-Nagar and Yasin areas; scattered in Gilgit, Kashmir, and various cities. Users: 126,000 in Pakistan (2018), increasing. Total users in all countries: 126,300. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Biltum, Brooshaaski, Brushaski, Burucaki, Burucaski, Burushaki, Burushashki, Burushaski Hunza, Burushki, Miśa:ski, Mishāski Autonym: Burushaski, بروشسکی‎ (Burushaski) Classification: Language isolate

Chilisso clh

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kohistan district, Indus river east bank, Indus Kohistan, Koli, Palas area. Users: 1,000 (1992 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,600. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chiliss, Galos Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani

Chinese, Mandarin cmn

Users: 10,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese

Dameli dml

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: south Chitral district, Damel valley; 4 main and several smaller villages. Users: 5,000 (Perder 2013), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Damedi, Damel, Damia, Damiabaasha, Gidoji, Gudoji Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kunar

Dari prs

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: southeast Chitral, Shishi Koh valley, Madaglasht village; Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, and other large cities. Users: 921,000 in Pakistan (2022 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity, included 909,000 ethnic Tajiks who speak Dari. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Afghan Persian, Badakhshi, Madaglashti Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian

Dehwari deh

Balochistan province: Kalat and Mastung. Users: 19,000 (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Deghwari Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian

Dhatki mki

Sindh province: Sanghar and Tharparkar districts. Users: 190,000 in Pakistan (2018). Total users in all countries: 206,400. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Dhati, Thari Autonym: ڍاٽڪِي‎ (Dhatki) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Marwari

Domaaki dmk

Gilgit Baltistan province: Hunza-Nagar district, Bakor village, Big Nagar, Gilgit, Mominabad village, Oshkandas east of Gilgit, Punyal, and Shishkat; mainly in Hunza valley. Users: 340 (Matthias 2011), decreasing. Concentrated mostly in one village (Van Driem 2007). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Bericho, Dawoodi, Dom, Doma, Dumaki Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western

English eng

Users: 104,016,300 in Pakistan, all users. L1 users: 16,300 in Pakistan (2018). L2 users: 104,000,000 (Ramaswami et al 2012). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1973, Constitution, Article 251(2)). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English

Gawar-Bati gwt

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: south Chitral district, Arandu area; Kunar river area. Users: 4,000 in Pakistan (2021). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Arandui, Gowar-Bati, Gowari, Narisati, Narsati, Satre Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kunar

Gawri gwc

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Swat district, Biar, Lamuti, Rajkot, and Thal villages in Dir Kohistan; upper Swat Kohistan, between Peshmal and Kalam north to Kalam area upper valleys. Users: 96,400 (2018). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bashgharik, Bashkarik, Baskarik, Dir Kohistani, Diri, Dirwali, Gaawro, Garwa, Garwi, Gowri, Kalam Kohistani, Kalami, Kohistana, Kohistani Autonym: گاؤری‎ (Gauri) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani

Ghera ghr

Sindh province: Hyderabad district, 1 enclave between main bus stop and railway station in Hyderabad city. Users: 10,000 (1998). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bara, Sindhi Ghera Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Unclassified

Goaria gig

Sindh province: widespread (except Karachi), Badin, Larkana, Moro, and Umerkot on lower Indus river valley between Hyderabad and Sukkur. Users: 25,400 (2000). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Marwari

Gowro gwf

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kohistan district, Kolai area, Mahrin village on Indus east bank. Users: 1,000 (2003 J. Baart), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gabar Khel, Gabaro Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani

Gujarati guj

Sindh and lower Punjab provinces. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati

Gujari gju

Azad Kashmir province: widespread north; Gilgit Baltistan province: Diamer district, Gilgit; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: east Hazara district, Kaghan valley, scattered in south Chitral district, Dir Kohistan and Swat Kohistan; Punjab province: Rawalpindi district; Islamabad. Users: 391,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Gogri, Gojari, Gojri, Gujer, Gujjari, Gujuri, Gujuri Rajasthani, Kashmir Gujuri Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Unclassified

Gurgula ggg

Sindh province: Bhens colony, Karachi; smaller urban centers of Mirpur Khas, Moro, Panj, Sabura, Shahdadpur, and Tando Allahyar. Users: 35,300 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Marwari Ghera Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Unclassified

Hazaragi haz

Balochistan province: Quetta district; Qunduz area, Karachi and Islamabad. Users: 97,600 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Azargi, Hazara, Hezareh Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian

Hindko, Northern hno

Azad Kashmir province: Muzaffarabad district, and Islamabad; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Hazara division, Abbotabad and Mansehra districts; Indus and Kaghan valleys and Indus valley tributaries. Users: 3,570,000 (2017 census), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Hazara Hindko, Hindko, Kagani, Kaghani, “Hindki” (pej.) Autonym: ہندکو‎ (Hindko) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi

Hindko, Southern hnd

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kohat and Peshawar districts; Punjab province: Attock district, to south Hazara division; Islamabad. Users: 1,170,000 (2017 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Hindko Autonym: ہندکو‎ (Hindko) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi

Jadgali jdg

Balochistan province: Lasbela district; Sindh province: Karachi district. Users: 15,600 in Pakistan (2004 J. Leclerc). Total users in all countries: 25,600. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jat, Jatgali, Jatki Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi

Jandavra jnd

Sindh province: Hyderabad to east of Mirpur Khas. Reportedly also in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Users: 5,000 (1998). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jhandoria Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati

Jogi jog

Sindh province: Badin, Hala, Hyderabad, Jusab Jang, Karachi Habchopi, Khokhar Bughera, Makli, Matli, Mirpurkhas, Nabisar, Nagar Parkar, Sato Mel, Tando Adam, Tando Allahyar, Tando Jam, Tando Sain Dad, Taz Mori, Thatta, Umerkot. Users: 50,000 (1996 R. Hoyle). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Marwari

Kabutra kbu

Sindh province: Kunri, Nara Dhoro, and Umerkot areas. Users: 1,000 (1998). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nat, Natra Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani, Sansi

Kacchi kfr

Sindh province: notably in Karachi. Users: 50,000 in Pakistan (1998). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Cuchi, Cutch, Kachchhi, Kachchi, Kachi, Katch, Katchi, Kautchy, Kutchchi, Kutchie Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi

Kalasha kls

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: south Chitral district, Urtsun valley (southern Kalasha dialect); Birir, Bumboret, and Rumbur valleys (northern Kalasha dialect). Users: 5,000 (Heegård Petersen 2006). 3,200 in Northern Kalasha area; unknown and decreasing number in Southern Kalasha area. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Calasa, Dardu, Kalasa, Kalash, Kalashamon, Kalashamond, Kalashamondr, Kalashi Autonym: Kal’as’amon Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Chitral

Kalkoti xka

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Dir Kohistan, Kalkot village. Users: 6,600 (2018). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina

Kamviri xvi

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: south Chitral district, Badrugal, Lamerot, Langorbat, and Urtsun valley. Users: 2,000 in Pakistan (2004). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kamdeshi, Kamik, Lamertiviri, Shekhani Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Nuristani

Kashmiri kas

Azad Kashmir province: south of Shina. Users: 361,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Cashmeeree, Cashmiri, Kacmiri, Kaschemiri, Keshuri Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kashmiri

Kati bsh

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Chitral district (eastern Kativiri dialect), Bumboret, Lutkuh, Rumbur, and Urtsun valleys. Users: 7,800 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bashgali, Kata viri, Kativiri, Kâtʹa-vari, Nuristani, Shekhaniwar Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Nuristani

Khetrani xhe

Balochistan province: Barkhan district. Users: 20,000 (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi

Khowar khw

Gilgit Baltistan province: Gilgit district, Ghizr valley, Shandur pass to Gupis; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Chitral and Peshawar districts; Ishkhoman and Yasin valleys, north Swat valley, Ushu; probably in Rawalpindi and other northern cities. Users: 351,000 in Pakistan (2018). Total users in all countries: 379,100. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Lingua franca in Chitral and adjacent areas of Gilgit and Swat districts since the 17th century. Also spoken in Peshawar and Rawalpindi. Used at home and in literature. Alternate Names: Arniya, Chitrali, Chitrari, Citrali, Kashkari, Khawar, Patu, Qashqari Autonym: کھووار‎ (Khowar) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Chitral

Kohistani, Indus mvy

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kohistan district, west bank Indus river. Users: 200,000 (1992). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Khili, Kohistani, Kohistẽ, Mair, Maiyon, Maiyã, Shuthun Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani

Koli, Kachi gjk

Sindh province: Nawabshah and Sakrand north, Matli south, and east beyond Mirpur Khas and Jamesabad, Tando Adam and Tando Allahyar town areas. Users: 130,000 in Pakistan (2018). 80,000–100,000 Kachi Koli, 5,000–6,000 Rabari, 10,000 Kachi Bhil, 50,000 Vagri, 10,000 Katai Meghwar, 1,000 Zalavaria Koli. Total users in all countries: 530,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kachi, Kachi Gujarati, Katchi, Kohli, Kolhi, Koli, Kori, Kuchi, Vagari, Vagaria Autonym: گجراتی کچی کوہلی‎ (Gujarati Kuchi Kohli) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati

Koli, Parkari kvx

Sindh province: Tharparkar district, Nagar Parkar in southeast tip bordering India; lower Thar desert, to Indus river west, bordered north and west by Hyderabad, to south and west of Badin. Users: 358,000 (2018). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Parkari Autonym: پارڪرِي‎ (Parkari) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati

Koli, Wadiyari kxp

Sindh province: bounded by Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas, and Tando Allahyar north, Jamesabad and Matli south. Users: 179,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Wadaria, Wadhiara, Wadiyara, Wadiyara Koli, Wadiyari Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati

Konkani, Goan gom

Users: 67,400 in Pakistan (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Southern, Konkani

Kundal Shahi shd

Azad Kashmir province: Neelam district, Kundal Shahi village. Users: 700 (Rehman and Baart 2005). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Apeen Bol, “Rawri” (pej.) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina

Lahnda lah

Users: Population total all languages (L1 only): 100,963,380. Status:

Lasi lss

Balochistan province: Kalat division, Lasbela district, north-northwest of Karachi. Users: 14,300 (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lassi Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi

Loarki lrk

Sindh province: rural. Users: 20,000 (1998). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Marwari

Mankiyali nlm

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Mansehra district, Badi Shungli union council, Dana village. Users: 500 (Anjum 2016). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Tarawara, Tarawari, Trawari Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani

Marwari mve

Punjab province: Bahawalnagar, Bahawalpur, and Rahim Yar Khan districts; Sindh province: widespread Karachi to Sukkur. Users: 164,000 (2018). 78,300 Northern Marwari and 85,600 Southern Marwari. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Jaiselmer, Marawar, Merwari, Rajasthani Autonym: مارواڑی‎ (Mārwāṛī) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Marwari

Memoni mby

Sindhi province: scattered; Karachi. Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Unclassified

Oadki odk

Sindh and in south Punjab provinces: widespread. Users: 76,100 in Pakistan (2018). Ethnic population: 250,000 (2017 A. Ranjha). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Oad, Od, Odh, Odki Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Unclassified

Ormuri oru

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: South Wazirstan agency, Kaniguram. Users: 5,000 in Pakistan (2018), decreasing. Total users in all countries: 5,050. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Baraki, Bargista, Berki, Birki, Brakee, Braki, Burki, Ormar, Ormari, Ormui, Ormur, Urmar, Urmuri, Warmaro Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Ormuri-Parachi

Pahari-Potwari phr

Azad Kashmir province: all but far north; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Abbottabad district; Punjab province: Gujarat, Jhelum, and Rawalpindi districts; Islamabad. Users: 2,500,000 in Pakistan (Lothers and Lothers 2007). Total users in all countries: 3,541,900. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Pahari, Pahari-Pothowari, Pothohari, Potohari, Potwari Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi

Pakistan Sign Language pks

Scattered. Users: 1,080,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 650,000–1,300,000 deaf signers, assuming 0.3%–0.6% of total population. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: IPSL, Indo-Pakistani Sign Language, Isharon Ki Zubann, PSL Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language

Palula phl

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Chitral district, Ashret and Biori, 12 villages on lower east Chitral river; some in main valley, Kalkatak, and Shishi Koh valley, Purigal; some in Dir Kohistan. Ashret valley (Ashreti dialect); Biori valley, Kalkatak, and Purigal (northern Palula dialect). Users: 14,400 (2018). Population of Ashret and Biori Valleys is almost completely monolingual (Liljegren 2008). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Biyori, Dangarikwar, Palola, Phalulo, Phalura Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina

Parsi prp

Users: 20,000 in Pakistan (1999). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran

Pashto, Central pst

Balochistan province: north; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Bannu and Karak districts; Wazirstan agencies and Lakki Marwat and Tank regions; Punjab province: some border areas in Bhakkar district. Users: 8,490,000 (2017 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mahsudi Autonym: پښتو‎ (Pashto) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto

Pashto, Northern pbu

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Peshawar district and Yusufzai area; Punjab province: Mianwali district; all along Afghanistan border. Users: 24,300,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Ethnic population: Possibly 49,600,000 Pashto in all countries. Total users in all countries: 30,173,140 (as L1: 28,813,140; as L2: 1,360,000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Pakhto, Pashtu, Pushto, Yousafzai Pashto, Yusufzai Pashto Autonym: پښتو‎ (Pashto) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto

Pashto, Southern pbt

Balochistan province: Loralai, Mastung, Quetta, Pishin, Sibi, and Ziarat districts, and adjacent areas; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Dera Ismail Khan district; Punjab province: Dera Ghazi Khan district. Users: 5,960,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Pashtu, Pushto, Pushtu, Quetta-Kandahari Pashto Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto

Persian, Iranian pes

Users: 185,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian

Punjabi, Eastern pan

Punjab province: Bahawalnagar, Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh, and Vehari districts. Users: 15,000,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Eastern Panjabi, Punjabi Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi

Punjabi, Western pnb

Punjab province: Chakwal, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Hafizabad, Jhang, Jhelum, Kasur, Khushab, Lahore, Mandi Bahauddin, Nankana, Narowal, Okara, Pakpattan, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Shekhupura, and Sialkot districts. Users: 65,000,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 66,442,480. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Jangli, Lahanda, Lahnda, Lahndi, Panjabi, Panjabi Proper, Punjabi, Punjapi, Shahmukhi Autonym: پنجابی‎ (Panjābī) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi

Pushto pus

Users: Population total all languages (L1 only): 53,557,070. Status:

Rohingya rhg

Users: 350,000 in Pakistan (2017 The Arakan Project), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Eastern, Bengali-Assamese

Sansi ssi

Sindh province: Karachi. Users: 20,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bhilki Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani, Sansi

Saraiki skr

Balochistan province: Barkhan, Jaffarabad, Jhal Magsi, and Nasirabad districts; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Dera Ismail Khan and Tank districts; Punjab province: Bahawalpur, Bhakkar, Dera Ghazi Khan, Layyah, Lodhran, Mianwali, Multan, Muzaffargarh, Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur, and Taunsa districts; Sindh province: Ghotki, Jacobabad, Kashmore, Larkana, Qambar Shahdadkot, Shikarpur and Sukkur districts. Users: 25,900,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 26,219,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Belochki, Seraiki, Siraiki Autonym: سرائیکی‎ (Saraiki) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi

Sarikoli srh

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Chitral district, bordering the Wakhan corridor. Users: 70 in Pakistan (Torwali 2021). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Sariquli Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir, Shugni-Yazgulami

Savi sdg

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kunar valley, Dir district, many in refugee camps near Timargarha; Chitral, near Drosh; a few in Jalalabad. Users: 4,000 in Pakistan (2021 FLI). Ethnic population: 4,000 (2021 FLI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Sau, Sauji, Sawi Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina

Shina scl

Azad Kashmir province: east Neelum district; Gilgit Baltistan province: Baltistan, Diamer, and Gilgit districts, Chilas area, Darel, Gilgit, Haramosh, lower Hunza Valley, Punial, and Tangir valleys, Astor, Kharmang, Kachura, Satpara, and other small valleys, scattered villages in Ishkoman and Yasin valleys; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: east Kohistan district, Harban and Sazin. Users: 688,000 in Pakistan (2018), increasing. Total users in all countries: 720,200. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Brokpa, Shinaki, Sina Autonym: شینا‎ (Shina) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina

Shina, Kohistani plk

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kohistan district, east bank Indus river, Jalkot, Kolai, and Palas valley areas. Users: 458,000 (2018), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kohistani, Kohistyo, Palasi-Kohistani Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina

Sindhi snd

Balochistan province: Khuzdar and Lasbela districts; Sindh province: widespread, Indus river lower reaches; Hyderabad, Karachi. Users: 31,000,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Ethnic population: 26,000,000 (2014 World Factbook). Total users in all countries: 33,217,150. Status: 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in Sindh. Autonym: سنڌي‎ (Sindhi) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi

Sindhi Bhil sbn

Sindh province: Badin-Matli-Thatta, Ghorabari west, and Mohrano. Badin-Matli to Tando Allahyar scattered (Sindhi Meghwar dialect). Users: 56,500 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Meghwar Bhil Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi

Tamil tam

Sindh province: Karachi, Korangi, Madrasi Para, and Tri Road. Users: 2,000 in Pakistan (2020 BBC). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Dravidian, Southern, Tamil-Kannada, Tamil-Kodagu, Tamil-Malayalam, Tamil

Torwali trw

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Swat district; upper Swat district, both sides of Swat river, north of Madyan up to Asret (Bahrain dialect); 2 villages in Chail valley (Chail dialect). Users: 114,000 (2018). Ethnic population: 120,000 (Lunsford et al 2021), with an additional 10,000 more living and working abroad. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kohistani, Torwalak, Torwalik, Turvali Autonym: توروالی‎ (Torwali) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani

Turkish tur

Users: 6,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkish

Turkmen tuk

Several refugee camps near Quetta, and in cities. Users: 10,900 in Pakistan (2016). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkmenian

Urdu urd

Widespread. Users: 164,000,000 in Pakistan, all users. L1 users: 15,000,000 in Pakistan (2018 census). L2 users: 149,000,000 (2018). Total users in all countries: 231,294,700 (as L1: 70,248,900; as L2: 161,045,800). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1973, Constitution, Article 251(1)). Alternate Names: Bihari, Modern Standard Urdu Autonym: اُردُو‎‎ (Urdū) Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani

Ushojo ush

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Swat district, upper Bishigram valley, east of Madyan, 12 villages. Users: 3,000 (2018). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ushuji Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina

Uyghur uig

Users: 10,000 in Pakistan (2018). A few families permanently settled in Pakistan. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Eastern

Uzbek, Southern uzs

Users: 267,000 in Pakistan (2022 Joshua Project). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Eastern

Vaghri vgr

Sindh province: Badin, Digri, Hala, Jang Sai, Karachi, Matli, Mirpur Khas, Nawabshah, Noakot, Sakrand, Sanghar, Sukkur, Tando Adam, Tando Allahyar, Tando Ghulam Ali, and Tando Mohammed Khan. Users: 4,800 (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bavri, Salavta, Vaghri Koli Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati

Wakhi wbl

Gilgit Baltistan province: Ghizer, Gilgit, and Hunza-Najar districts; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: northernmost Chitral district, Baroghil, in glacier area; Chupursan, upper Ishkoman, Shimshal, and upper Yarkhun valleys; upper Hunza valley from Gulmit to Chinese and Afghanistan borders (Gojal dialect). Users: 14,200 in Pakistan (2018), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Khik, Khikwar, Vakhan, Wakhani, Wakhigi, X̌ik zik, X̌ikwor, Xhikwor Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir

Waneci wne

Balochistan province: northeast in Harnai area. Users: 141,000 (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chalgari, Tarino, Vanechi, Wanechi, Wanetsi Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto

Yadgha ydg

Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Chitral district, upper Lotkoh valley, west of Garam Chashma. Users: 6,150 (2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lotkohiwar, Munji-war, Yidga, Yidgha, Yudga, Yudgha Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir