Vanuatu

Languages

Akei tsr

Sanma province: southwest Espiritu Santo island. Users: 650 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tasiriki Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Ambae, East omb

Penama province: Ambae (Leper’s) island. Users: 5,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Aoba, Northeast Ambae, Northeast Aoba, Oba, Omba Autonym: Havai Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Ambae, West nnd

Penama province: west Ambae (Aoba, Leper’s) island. Users: 8,700 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Duidui, Opa Autonym: Havakinau Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Amblong alm

Sanma province: south Espiritu Santo island. Users: 150 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 220. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aje, Varavara Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Ambrym, North mmg

Malampa province: north Ambrym island. Users: 5,250 (2001 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Rral, Tolongken Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Ambrym, Southeast tvk

Malampa province: southeast Ambrym island, between Endu and Taveak villages; Shefa province: Mele-Maat. Users: 2,000 (Crowley 2002e). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Vatlongos Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Aneityum aty

Tafea province: Aneityum island. Users: 900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Aneiteum, Aneiteumese, Anejom, Antas Anejom̃, Intas Anejom Autonym: Anejom̃ Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Aneityum

Aore aor

Sanma province: east Espiritu Santo island. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (1982 SIL). Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Apma app

Penama province: central Pentecost (Raga). Users: 10,000 (2017 A. Gray). Latest published estimate: 7,800 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Abma, Central Raga, Daleda Autonym: Apma, Dalekte Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Araki akr

Sanma province: Araki island, south Espiritu Santo island. Users: 8 (2014 A. Francois). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Aulua aul

Malampa province: east Malekula. Users: 750 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aulua Bay Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Avava tmb

Malampa province: central Malekula, Khatbol, Taremp, Tembimbi, and Tisvel villages. Users: 700 (Crowley 2006a). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Katbol, Navava, Taremp, Tembimbe-Katbol, Tisvel, Vava Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central

Axamb ahb

Malampa province: south Malekula. Users: 950 (2017 T. Rangelov). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ahamb, Naujin sdrato Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Baetora btr

Penama province: Maewo island. Users: 1,330 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Baki bki

Shefa province: west Epi. Users: 350 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Few monolinguals, youngest and oldest. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Burumba, Paki Autonym: Baki Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Lamenu-Baki, Baki-Bierebo

Banam Bay vrt

Malampa province: southeast Malekula. Users: 900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banan Bay, Burmbar, Vartavo Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Bierebo bnk

Shefa province: west Epi, south of Lamenu [lmu] and north of Baki [bki] language areas. Users: 800 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,140. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bonkovia-Yevali Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Lamenu-Baki, Baki-Bierebo

Bieria brj

Shefa province: south Epi, between Maii [mmm] and Lewo [lmu] language areas. Users: 70 (Early 2006), decreasing. Ethnic population: 100. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bieri, Vovo, Wowo Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Bieria-Maii

Bislama bis

Widespread. Users: 10,000 in Vanuatu (2011), increasing. Ethnic population: 95% Melanesian. Total users in all countries: 12,570. Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1980, Constitution, Article 3(1)). Most in the country understand and use it as lingua franca and as a symbol of national identity. Since 2012, Bislama has a significant role in formal education. Alternate Names: Bichelamar Autonym: Bislama Classification: Creole, English based, Pacific

Butmas-Tur bnr

Sanma province: east central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 520 (1983 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ati, Farafi Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, East Santo, South

Daakaka bpa

Malampa province: south Ambrym, between Sesivi and Baiap villages. Users: 1,200 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baiap, Dakaka, South Ambrym Autonym: Daakaka Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Dixon Reef dix

Malampa province: southwest Malekula. Users: 50 (1982 SIL). Ethnic population: 60 (1982 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Small Nambas

Dorig wwo

Torba province: Banks Islands group, Gaua island, Dorig and Kweteon villages. Users: 300 (2020 A. François). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Wetamut Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Efate, North llp

Shefa province: north Efate island, Nguna, Tongoa, and several smaller islands, southeast Epi. Users: 9,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Nguna Autonym: Nakanamanga Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Central Vanuatu

Efate, South erk

Shefa province: Efate island. Users: 6,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Population includes Eton [etn]. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Erakor, Fate, Southern Efate Autonym: Nafsan Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Central Vanuatu

Emae mmw

Shefa province: Emae, Sesake and Three Hills islands. 2 villages. Users: 400 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 570. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Emai, Emwae, Mae, Mai, Mwae Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Futunic

English eng

Users: 126,000 in Vanuatu, all users. L1 users: 6,000 in Vanuatu (2019 World Factbook). L2 users: 120,000 (Crystal 2003a). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1980, Constitution, Article 3(1)). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English

Eton etn

Shefa province: southeast Efate island, Eton, Pang Pang, and surrounding villages. Users: 500 (1989 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eastern Efate, Epwau Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Central Vanuatu

Fanbak fnb

Malampa province: North Ambrym island, Faramsu, Ranvetlam, and Konkon villages. Users: 95 (2015 M. Franjieh). Ethnic population: 190 (2015 M. Franjieh). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Fanbyak, Orkon Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Fortsenal frt

Sanma province: central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 450 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 560. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kiai, Vara Kiai Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

French fra

Users: 88,800 in Vanuatu, all users. L1 users: 1,800 in Vanuatu (2019). L2 users: 87,000 (2018). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1980, Constitution, Article 3(1)). Alternate Names: Français Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French

Futuna-Aniwa fut

Tafea province: Aniwa and West Futuna islands, east of Tanna. Users: 1,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Erronan, Fotuna-Anewa, West Futuna-Aniwa, West Futunan Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Futunic

Hano lml

Penama province: south Maewo, north Pentecost (Raga), and Whitsuntide islands. Users: 7,500 (2017 A. Gray). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Originated in North Pentecost Island; became widespread in several major villages in the late 19th century with the presence of Anglican missionaries. Alternate Names: Bwatvenua, Lamalanga, Loltong, Nonda, North Pentecost Language, North Raga, Qatvenua, Raxa, Vunmarama Autonym: Raga Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Hiw hiw

Torba province: Hiw island, Torres Islands. Users: 280 (François 2019). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hiu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Ifo iff

Tafea province: south Erromanga island. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speaker, James Nalig, died in 1954. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Utaha Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Erromanga

Koro krf

Torba province: Banks Islands group, Gaua island, Koro and Mekeon villages. Users: 250 (2020 A. François). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banks-Inseln, Koro-Olrat Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Kwamera tnk

Tafea province: Galilee, Greenpoint, Imaki, Imayo, Kwamera, Kwaraka, Port Resolution, Samaria, Yenmarei, and Yeruareng are major villages on southeast Tanna coast. Users: 3,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Nəfe, Nafe, Ncfe, Neninafe, Southeast Tanna Autonym: Nɨfe, Nɨninɨfe Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Tanna

Lakon lkn

Torba province: Banks Islands group, Gaua island. Users: 800 (2020 A. François). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Lakona, Lakona Bay, West Gaua Autonym: Lakon Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Lamenu lmu

Shefa province: Varmali region, Epi island northwest tip, Lamenu island; Luganville, Port Vila, and Sara villages. Users: 500 (Early 2002). Very few monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Lamen, Lewo, Varmali Autonym: Lewo-Lamen Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Lamenu-Baki, Lamenu-Lewo

Larevat lrv

Malampa province: central Malekula. Users: 680 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Laravat Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central

Lehali tql

Torba province: Banks Islands group, Ureparapara island west coast. Users: 200 (2020 A. François). Ethnic population: 350. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Teqel Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Lelepa lpa

Shefa province: west Efate island, Lelepa island, Mangaliliu and Napkoa. Users: 500 (Lacrampe 2014). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Havannah Harbour Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Central Vanuatu

Lemerig lrz

Torba province: Vanua Lava island, northeast coastal villages. Users: 2 (2020 A. François). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Bek, Leon, Päk, Sasar Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Lenakel tnl

Tafea province: west central Tanna. Users: 11,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Nakaraan taha Lenakel, Nakharan taha Lénakel, Netvaar, Netwar, Nɨtuar, Tanna Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Tanna

Letemboi nms

Malampa province: south Malekula. Users: 800 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,100 (2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Small Nambas Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Small Nambas

Lewo lww

Shefa province: east Epi island, Varmali and Varsu regions. Users: 2,200 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Only very elderly and very young are monolingual. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Varsu Autonym: Lewo Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Lamenu-Baki, Lamenu-Lewo

Litzlitz lzl

Malampa province: Malekula. Users: 15 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Lagalag, Litzlitz-Visele, Lolnarrong, Naman, Netensal Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central

Lo-Toga lht

Torba province: Torres islands. Users: 580 (François 2019). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Loh-Toga Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Lonwolwol crc

Malampa province: west Ambrym island, Dip Point area; Efate island, Maat village. Users: 6 (2014 Daily Post). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Ambrym, Craig Cove, Fali, Fanting, Raljago, West Ambrym Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Lorediakarkar lnn

Sanma province: Espiritu Santo island, central east coast. Users: 340 (2000). Ethnic population: 850. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, East Santo, South

Löyöp urr

Torba province: Banks Islands group, Divers bay area, Ureparapara island. Users: 240 (2020 A. François). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Divers Bay, Lehalurup Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Mae mme

Malampa province: Malekula. Users: 1,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dirak, Tirakh Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Maewo, Central mwo

Penama province: Maewo (Aurora) island. Users: 1,400 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 2,000 (2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Maewo, Sungwadaga, Tanoriki Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Mafea mkv

Sanma province: east Espiritu Santo, Deproma village; Mavea island. Users: 41, all users. L1 users: 32 (Guérin 2011). 21 semi-speakers (Guérin 2011). L2 users: 9 (Guérin 2011). Ethnic population: 150 (Guérin 2011). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Mavea Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Maii mmm

Shefa province: southwest Epi, Mafilau village; north of Bieria [brj] language area, south of Baki [bki] language area. Users: 180 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 260 (2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mae-Morae, Mafilau, Mkir Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Bieria-Maii

Malo mla

Sanma province: north Malo island; some in Port Vila and Santo. Users: 4,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Tamabo Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Malua Bay mll

Malampa province: Malekula, northwest coast. Users: 500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 715 (2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Espiegle Bay, Middle Nambas Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Maragus mrs

Malampa province: Malekula, Tautu village. Users: 15 (Crowley 2006b). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Maragaus, Marakus, Tape, Tobah Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central

Marino mrb

Penama province: north Maewo. Users: 500 (2008 A. Henri), increasing. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Naone, North Maewo, Sunwadia Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Maskelynes klv

Malampa province: southeast Malekula, Maskelyne Islands, 3 villages on the coast of Uluveu island. Users: 1,350 (Healey 2013), increasing. No monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kuliviu, Mallicolo, Maskelyne Islands, Uliveo, Uluveu Autonym: nasorun ta Uluveu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Mele-Fila mxe

Shefa province: Efate, Mele village; Ifira island. Users: 3,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Fila-Mele, Ifara-Mele, Ifira-Mele Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Futunic

Merei lmb

Sanma province: central Espiritu Santo island, between Lape and Ora rivers north of Morouas. Users: 400 (1997 J. Chung). Ethnic population: 570. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lametin Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Morouas mrp

Sanma province: central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 150 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 210. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ande, Moruas Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Mota mtt

Torba province: Banks Islands group, Mota (Sugarloaf) island. Users: 750 (2020 A. François). Ethnic population: 1,300. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Mpotovoro mvt

Malampa province: Malekula, north tip. Users: 430 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 610. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Mwerlap mrm

Torba province: Mere Lava and Merig islands. Users: 1,100 (2020 A. François). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Merelava, Merlav, Merlav-Merig Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Mwotlap mlv

Torba province: Banks Islands group, Mota Lava (Saddle) island. Users: 2,100 (2020 A. François), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Motalava, Motlav Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Na’ahai mlx

Malampa province: south Malekula. Users: 600 (1983 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Malfaxal, Malvaxal-Toman Island, Taman, Tomman Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Nahavaq sns

Malampa province: southwest Malekula. Users: 600 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 860. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Labo, Lamangkau, Na’ahai, Nahapa, Seniang, Sinesip Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Namakura nmk

Shefa province: north Efate, Tongariki and Tongoa. Users: 3,750 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Makura, Namakir, Namakuran Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Central Vanuatu

Narango nrg

Sanma province: south Espiritu Santo island. Users: 160 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 230. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Farsaf, Farsav, Nambel Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Nasarian nvh

Malampa province: southwest coast of Malekula. Users: 5 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central

Navut nsw

Sanma province: west central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 520 (1983 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Neve’ei vnm

Malampa province: central west Malekula. Users: 500 (Musgrave 2007). Ethnic population: 710. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Banggor, Lambumbu, Nabusian teget, Nefe’ei, Telag, Vinmavis Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central

Neverver lgk

Malampa province: Malekula. Users: 1,250 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bushman’s Bay, Lingarak, Nevwervwer Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central

Ninde mwi

Malampa province: Malekula, Southwest Bay town, Labo, Lawa, and Windua villages. Users: 1,100 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,600. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Labo, Meaun, Mewun, Nide Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Labo

Nokuku nkk

Sanma province: northwest Espiritu Santo island. Users: 160 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 400. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nogugu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Nume tgs

Torba province: northeast Gaua island. Users: 700 (2020 A, François). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gaua, Gog, North-East Gaua, Tarasag Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Olrat olr

Torba province: Gaua island west coast, mainly Dolap village. Users: 3 (2020 A. François). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Autonym: Olrat Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Paama pma

Malampa province: Paama, 1 village on east Epi (Lopevi), large group in Vila. Users: 6,000 (1996 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Paama-Lopevi, Paamese, Pauma Autonym: selusien ten out Voum Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Piamatsina ptr

Sanma province: northwest Espitiru Santo island. Users: 150 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 210. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Polonombauk plb

Sanma province: southeast Espiritu Santo island. Users: 120 (Wurm 2007). Ethnic population: 550. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, East Santo, South

Port Sandwich psw

Malampa province: southeast Malekula. Users: 750 (Crowley 2002d). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Lamap Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Port Vato ptv

Malampa province: south Ambrym island, between Maranata and Port Vato villages. Users: 1,300 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Daakie Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Repanbitip rpn

Malampa province: east Malekula. Users: 90 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 130. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Small Nambas

Rerep pgk

Malampa province: east Malekula. Users: 380 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 540. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Pangkumu, Pangkumu Bay, Tisman Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Roria rga

Sanma province: central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 75 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 100. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mores Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Sa sax

Penama province: south Raga island. Users: 4,000 (2017 A. Gray). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ponorwol, Saa, South Pentecost Language Autonym: Dlo Kêt, Sa Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Sakao sku

Sanma province: northeast Espiritu Santo island. Users: 2,000 (Crowley 2002b). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hog Harbour, Klep, N’kep, Sakau, Santo Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, East Santo, North

Seke ske

Penama province: Pentecost island. Users: 300 (2011 K. Johnson). Ethnic population: 430. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Baravet, Bwaravet, Dol, Ske Autonym: Seke Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Shark Bay ssv

Sanma province: east Espiritu Santo island and Litaro (Pilot) islands; Shark Bay coast. Users: 450 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,130. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ngen Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, East Santo, South

Sie erg

Tafea province: Erromanga island. Users: 1,900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eromanga, Eromangan, Erramanga, Erromanga, Erromangan, Sye Autonym: nam Eromaga Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Erromanga

Sowa sww

Penama province: central Raga island. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last fluent speaker, Maurice Tabi, died in 2000. Status: 9 (Dormant). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Tambotalo tls

Sanma province: southeast Espiritu Santo island, Tambotalo village. Users: 50 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 70. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Tangoa tgp

Sanma province: Tangoa island, off south Espiritu Santo island. 4 villages. Users: 800 (2001 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Leon Tatagoa, Mara Tatagoa, Movono, Santo, South Santo Autonym: Leon Tatangoa Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Tanna, North tnn

Tafea province: north Tanna island. Users: 5,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Not Tana Autonym: Nən-naka Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Tanna

Tanna, Southwest nwi

Tafea province: southwest Tanna island. Users: 4,500 (2011 SIL), increasing. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Naha, Nɨvhaal, Nvhal, Saot Wes Tanna, Saotwes, Yahurmene Autonym: Nɨvhaar Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Tanna

Tasmate tmt

Sanma province: west Espiritu Santo island. Users: 150 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 210. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Tiale mnl

Sanma province: north central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 400 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 570. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Malmariv Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Tolomako tlm

Sanma province: Big Bay, Espiritu Santo island. Users: 900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,300. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Big Bay, Marina, Tolomako-Jereviu Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Tutuba tmi

Sanma province: Tutuba and south Espiritu Santo islands. Users: 500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,250. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Unua onu

Malampa province: east Malekula island. Batabbu, Batabong, Black Sands, Penamor, and Ruxbo villages (Unua dialect). Hemertabos, Pandeur, Rembe, Rerep, Retchar, and Tisman villages (Pangkumu dialect). Users: 1,050 (Pearce 2015), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Onua Autonym: Unua Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Ura uur

Tafea province: north Erromanga island. Users: No known L1 speakers. Only 6 elderly speakers remainded in the 1990s (Crowley 1999). Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Erromanga

Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin upv

Malampa province: northeast Malekula and nearby islands. Users: 9,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). 1,380 Atchin, 3,450 Uripiv-Wala-Rano. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Northeast Malakula Autonym: Tirax Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

V’ënen Taut nmb

Malampa province: northwest Malekula. Users: 3,350 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Big Nambas Autonym: V’ənen Taut Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central

Valpei vlp

Sanma province: northwest Espiritu Santo island. Users: 300 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 430. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Valpay, Valpei-Hukua Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Vao vao

Malampa province: north Malekula and Vao islands. Users: 1,900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal

Vera’a vra

Torba province: Vanua Lava island west coast, Vera’a village. Users: 500 (2020 A. François). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Vatrata, Vetrat Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Vunapu vnp

Sanma province: northwest Espiritu Santo island. Users: 380 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 540. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Vurës msn

Torba province: Banks Islands group, Vanua Lava island, southeast. Users: 2,000 (Malau 2016). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Vetumboso, Vuras, Vureas Autonym: Vurës Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu

Wailapa wlr

Sanma province: southwest Espiritu Santo island. Users: 100 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 140. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ale Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo

Whitesands tnp

Tafea province: Tanna island east coast. Users: 7,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Napuanmen, Whitsands Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Tanna

Wusi wsi

Sanma province: west Espiritu Santo island. Users: 300 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 430. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Wusi-Kerepua Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo