abs ISO 639
Malayu Ambong Autonyms
Malay, Ambonese
Visualizations
A language of Indonesia
- ISO 639
- abs
- Alternate Names
- Ambon Malay, Ambonese, Ambong, Bahasa Ambon, Bahasa Melaju Ambon, Bahasa Melayu Ambon, Malayu Ambon, Moluccan (Maluku) Malay
- Autonym
- Malayu Ambong
- Population
- 1,600,000 in Indonesia, all users. L1 users: 200,000 in Indonesia (1987 J. Collins). L2 users: 1,400,000 (2013 M. Connor). Total users in all countries: 1,650,900 (as L1: 250,900; as L2: 1,400,000).
- Location
- Maluku province: Kepulauan Aru regency, Aru island group, Wamar island; Seram Bagian Barat regency, Ambon city, Kamarian to Seriholu on Hoamoa peninsula; Maluku Tengah regency, Nusa Laut island, upper Elpaputih bay east to Sepa; Ceram sea coast from Karlutu east to Sawai.
- Language Maps
- Indonesia, Southern Maluku
- Language Status
- 3 (Wider communication). Developed on the island of Ambon in 16th century. First used as trade language. Used in market domain and media.
- Classification
- Creole, Malay based
- Dialects
- Dobo Malay. Marginal intelligibility with Indonesian [ind]. Difficult intelligibility with North Moluccan Malay [max]; speakers switch to Indonesian. Lexical similarity: 81% with Indonesian [ind]. Banda Malay [bpq] may best be considered a dialect of Moluccan Malay [max].
- Language Use
- Also use Indonesian [ind]. Used as L2 by Alune [alp], Amahai [amq], Aputai [apx], Benggoi [bgy], Buru [mhs], Central Masela [mxz], Dai [dij], Dawera-Daweloor [ddw], Dobel [kvo], East Masela [vme], Emplawas [emw], Fordata [frd], Galolen [gal], Haruku [hrk], Ili’uun [ilu], Imroing [imr], Kaibobo [kzb], Kamarian [kzx], Kayeli [kzl], Laha [lhh], Lisabata-Nuniali [lcs], Lisela [lcl], Lola [lcd], Loun [lox], Luang [lex], Luhu [lcq], Nila [nil], North Babar [bcd], Nusa Laut [nul], Paulohi [plh], Perai [wet], Saparua [spr], Seit-Kaitetu [hik], Serili [sve], Serua [srw], Southeast Babar [vbb], Tela-Masbuar [tvm], Te’un [tve], Tugun [tzn], Tulehu [tlu], Ujir [udj], Wemale [weo], West Masela [mss], West Tarangan [txn], Yalahatan [jal], Yamdena [jmd].
- Language Development
- Literacy rate in L1: 1%–5%. Literacy rate in L2: 50%–75%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1877.
- Writing
- Latin script [Latn].
- Other Comments
- Developed from Sabah Malay [msi] and still reflects some archaic forms. Further diverged by adapting to the vernaculars of central Maluku. Many varieties of trade Malay are considered Malay-based creoles (Grimes 1991a, Grimes 1991b, Holm 1989) and as Austronesian with contact features (Collins 1980, Gil 2001, Wolff 1988). Christian, Muslim.
- Language Resources
- OLAC resources in and about Malay, Ambonese
Also Spoken in
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Netherlands
Language Name
Malay, Ambonese
User Population
50,900 in Netherlands (2019).
