bel ISO 639

беларуская мова‎ (Biełaruskaja mova) Autonyms

Belarusian

  • Geography

  • Language Cloud

A language of Belarus

bel
Belarusan, Belorussian, Bielorussian, Byelorussian, White Russian, White Ruthenian
беларуская мова‎ (Biełaruskaja mova)
3,510,000 in Belarus, all users. L1 users: 1,120,000 in Belarus (2020 census), decreasing. The majority of Belarusans speak Russian [rus] as their L1. L2 users: 2,390,000 (2020). Ethnic population: 7,990,000 (2019 census). Total users in all countries: 3,923,450 (as L1: 1,533,450; as L2: 2,390,000).
7 (Shifting). Statutory language of national identity (1994, Constitution, Article 17(1)), largely symbolic use.
Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East
Northeast Belarusian (Polots, Viteb-Mogilev), Southwest Belarusian (Grodnen-Baranovich, Slutska-Mazyrski, Slutsko-Mozyr), Central Belarusian. Linguistically between Russian [rus] and Ukrainian [ukr], with transitional dialects to both.
SVO; prepositions; noun head final; gender (masculine/feminine/neuter); no articles; case-marking (6 cases); verb affixes mark person, number, gender of subject (in past tense); passives; tense and aspect; 37 consonant and 6 vowel phonemes; non-tonal; free stress.
Adults only. Shifting to Russian [rus].
Few schools remain in which Belarusian is used as a language of instruction. Taught in a few primary and secondary schools. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1973–2017.
Braille script [Brai], no longer in use. Cyrillic script [Cyrl], official usage. Latin script [Latn], official usage 1941–1944, modern occasional usage.
Russian is dominant in all spheres of life, including public and private services, legislation, education, and the media (2018 BelarusFeed). Christian, Muslim.
OLAC resources in and about Belarusian
Belarusian
3,900 in Argentina (2018), based on nationality.
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
6,500 in Azerbaijan (Leclerc 2017b).
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
24,300 in Germany (2020 census), based on nationality.
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
1,660 in Estonia (2013 UNSD). Ethnic population: 12,400 (2011 census).
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
5,660 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
8,660 in Kazakhstan (2009 census). Ethnic population: 66,500 (2009 census).
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
7,110 in Lithuania (2014 UNSD). Ethnic population: 39,200 (2015 census).
Vilniaus county: primarily Vilnius city; possibly scattered in Alytaus, Panevezio, and Utenos counties.
5 (Developing)
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
61,600 in Latvia (2018). Ethnic population: 78,800 (2018).
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
26,700 in Poland (2013 UNSD).
Podlaskie voivodship.
Podlachian (Pudlaśka mova).
5 (Developing)
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
174,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Ethnic population: 521,000 (2010 census).
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
1,590 in Sweden (2020 census), based on nationality.
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
6,430 in Tajikistan (2017).
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
5,000 in Turkmenistan (Leclerc 2019a), based on ethnicity.
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
56,200 in Ukraine (2003 UNSD). Ethnic population: 276,000 (2001 census).
Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kharkiv, Kiev, Luhansk, Odessa, Rivne, and Zaporizhia regions; Krym, autonomous republic; Kiev City, Sevastopol City.
5 (Developing)
Only about 20% of Belarusians in Ukraine speak Belarusian as their primary language; most have shifted to Russian [rus] or Ukrainian [ukr] (2001 census).
Non-indigenous.
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Belarusian
21,200 in Uzbekistan (2019).
Scattered.
Unestablished
Non-indigenous.
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