car ISO 639
Karìna auran Autonyms
Carib
Visualizations
A language of Venezuela
- ISO 639
- car
- Alternate Names
- Caribe, Cariña, Galibi, Kalihna, Kalinya, Kari’nja, Kari’ña, Kariña
- Autonym
- Karìna auran
- Population
- 4,450 in Venezuela (2001 census). Ethnic population: 38,800 (2011 census). Total users in all countries: 8,558.
- Location
- Anzoátegui, Bolívar, and Monagas states: Orinoco river mouth area; Guyana border; some in Delta Amacuro state.
- Language Maps
- French Guiana and Suriname, Guyana, Northeastern Brazil, Venezuela
- Language Status
- 6b (Threatened). Recognized language (2008, Indigenous Languages Law, Article 4).
- Classification
- Cariban
- Dialects
- Tabajari, Murato (Myrato, Western Carib). Eastern dialect primarily in eastern Suriname and in French Guiana and Brazil; western dialect in central and western areas of Suriname and in Guyana and Venezuela.
- Typology
- SOV; postpositions; 11 consonants and 6 vowels.
- Language Use
- Many in the ethnic group speak Carib but lack intergenerational transmission (Crevels 2007). Home. Some young people, all adults.
- Language Development
- Literature. Dictionary. Grammar. Texts. NT: 2003.
- Writing
- Latin script [Latn].
- Language Resources
- OLAC resources in and about Carib
Also Spoken in
- Location
- Northwest coast, along lower Mana and Maroni rivers east of Maroni river mouth, Iracoubo and Organabo areas between Kourou and Mana.
- Dialects
- Tyrewuju (Eastern Carib).
- Language Status
- 6b (Threatened)
- Language Use
- Home, friends, education. Some young people, all adults. Neutral attitudes. Also use French [fra]. Also use Guianese French Creole [gcr]. Also use Sranan Tongo [srn].
- Language Development
- It is taught in some schools experimentally.
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of French Guiana
Language Name
Carib
User Population
2,400 in French Guiana (Crevels 2012). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 4,000 (Crevels 2012).
- Location
- Barima-Waini and Pomeroon-Supenaam regions: Northwest, coastal river heads and coastal lowland forests.
- Dialects
- Murato (Myrato, Western Carib), Aretyry.
- Language Status
- 6b (Threatened) View other languages of Guyana
Language Name
Carib
User Population
480 in Guyana (1991). Ethnic population: 3,000 (2000 J. Forte). The ethnic group represents 6% of the Amerindians in Guyana.
- Location
- Coronie district: Welgelegen commune; Marowijne district: Albina and Galibi communes; Para district: Bigi Poika commune; Saramacca district: Calcutta commune; Sipaliwini district: Boven Coppename commune.
- Dialects
- Murato (Myrato, Western Carib), Tyrewuju (Eastern Carib), Aretyry.
- Language Status
- 6b (Threatened)
- Language Use
- Home, friends; mixed use: Religion. Some young people, all adults. All ages, but spoken less and less by children (Crevels 2007). Neutral attitudes. Also use Dutch [nld]. Also use Sranan Tongo [srn], with central dialect speakers shifting towards it and becoming bilingual in it.
- Language Development
- Literacy rate in L2: 25%–50%.
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Ethnic autonym: Kari’na. Glossonym: Kara’ibs in Dutch, Galibí in French, Caribe in Spanish, Carib in English. View other languages of Suriname
Language Name
Carib
User Population
1,200 in Suriname (Carlin 2001). Ethnic population: 3,000 (Crevels 2012).
- Location
- Amapá state: Terra Indigena Galibi, São José dos Galibi village on Oiapoque river right bank, south of Saint Georges, between Morcego and Taparabu streams.
- Dialects
- Tyrewuju (Eastern Carib).
- Language Status
- 8a (Moribund)
- Language Use
- Older adults only. Shifted to Portuguese [por]. Also use Karipuna French Creole [kmv]. Karipuna French Creole taught in a 3 year primary school program (Ferreira 2010).
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Portuguese-Carib creole people (Galibí do Uaça) also speak Karipuna French Creole [kmv]. View other languages of Brazil
Language Name
Galibi
User Population
28 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 66 (Crevels 2012).
