nst ISO 639
Tangshang Naga Autonyms
Naga, Tangshang
Visualizations
A language of Myanmar
- ISO 639
- nst
- Alternate Names
- Haimi, Hawa, Heimi, Kuwa, Pangmi, Pangwa, Rangpan, Rangpang, Tangwa, Tase, Tase Naga
- Autonym
- Tangshang Naga
- Population
- 60,000 in Myanmar (2010). Total users in all countries: 98,600.
- Location
- Sagaing region: Khamti district, Khamti, Lahe, Nanyun, and Pangsau townships; Kachin state: Myitkyina district, Shinbwiyan and Tanai townships.
- Language Maps
- India, Map 5, Northern Myanmar
- Language Status
- 5 (Developing).
- Classification
- Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Sal, Boro-Garo, Northern Naga
- Dialects
- Bote (Bongtai, Butay, Hteinpa, Nokpa, Nukpa), Chamchang (Kimsing), Champhang (Thamphang), Chuyo (Wanggu, Wangoo), Gaha (Halum), Gakat (Wakka, Wanga), Gaqchan (Gashan), Gawkchung (Kochong), Henchin (Sanching, Shangchein), Kaishan (Kaisan, Kyetsan), Khalak (Hkalak), Lakki (Lakai), Lama, Lochang (Lanchein, Langshin), Lumnu, Lungri, Moshang (Mawshang), Miku (Maihku), Mungre (Mawrang, Morang), Nahen (Nahim, Nahin), Ngaimong (Maimong, Ngaimau), Pingku (Pyengoo), Ranchi (Rangchein), Rasa, Rara, Ranu, Ringkhu (Rangkhu), Sansik (Sheiknyo, Siknyo, Sikpo), Shangti (Sangtai, Shangthi), Shangwan (Changwan, Shangwal, Shawvel), Shecyü (Sangche, Sanke, Shaekjeng, Shaekyeu, Shekyü), Shokra (Sawkrang, Shaukra, Shograng), Toke (Tawkay), Yangno, Chamkok (Tamko, Thamkok), Cholim (Tawlum, Tulim, Tulum), Hachum (Chumnyu, Chumsa, Gachung), Hakhun (Gakhun), Hacheng (Hakyai), Haman (Gaman), Hapaw, Ollo Naga (Awla, Awlay, Hasik, Laju, Lazu Naga), Kumka (Kum Ga, Kumga), Rera (Ronrang), Asen (Aasen, Hansin, Raqsa, Yasa), Hakhü (Gakhi, Hachi, Hakhii, Hatse), Hokuq, Jöngi (Dongai, Donghee, Dongi), Kon (Chawang, Kyawan, Yawngkon, Yongkon), Kotlum (Kawlum), Lonyung (Galawn, Galun), Lungkhi (Longkhai), Maitai (Meitei, Mitay), Riha (Lulum). A group of many Naga speech varieties, some of which are separate languages. Intelligibility high between some speech varieties; low between others. Intelligibility between varieties is higher in the north and fairly low in the south. Wide range of lexical similarity within dialects, from 35%–97%.
- Typology
- SOV; postpositions; genitives, articles before noun heads; numerals, adjectives after head nouns; question word final; word order distinguishes subject, object, and indirect object; person agreement is marked on verbs in many but not all varieties; ergative-absolutive marked, particles indicate case after the noun; passives; tonal.
- Language Use
- Vigorous in remote areas; lessening in town areas. Shifting to Burmese [mya] in town areas. All domains in remote areas. Used by all. Positive attitudes. Also use Burmese [mya].
- Language Development
- Literature. Radio. Bible: 2014.
- Writing
- Latin script [Latn].
- Other Comments
- The name ‘Tangsa’, which is used in India, refers to only [nst] varieties. ‘Tangshang’, which is the official name in Myanmar, also includes Nocte [njb], Tutsa [tvt], and Wancho [nnp], which are spoken in India. Christian, Buddhist.
- Language Resources
- OLAC resources in and about Naga, Tangshang
Also Spoken in
- Location
- Arunachal Pradesh state: Changlang district, Manmau, Jayrampur, Nampong, and Kharsang circles; Assam state: border area with Changlang district, 25 villages.
- Dialects
- Lungri, Sanke (Sangche, Sechu, Shangge, Shangkey, Shechu), Sangwal, Taipi, Tikhak, Tonglim (Tangrim), Tutsa (Tutcha), Yogli (Jugli), Yongkuk (Yukok), Have (Havoy), Higsho, Higtsii, Kimsing (Chamchang, Khemsing), Longphi (Longkhi), Lungchang, Miti, Moklum, Mosang (Hewa), Mungray (Morang), Ngemu, Phong (Ponthai), Ronrang (Poerah, Rongrang), Hasik (Awla, Awlay, Laju, Lazu Naga, Ollo Naga), Kaisan. Phong (Ponthai) dialect is similar to both Nocte [njb] and Tangsa. Higsho dialect is similar to Nocte. Those living closer to the Nocte identify as Nocte; those living closer to the Tangsa identify as Tangsa. May be up to 36 subtribes of Tangsa. Kimsing dialect speakers can understand all dialects well. Kimsing is similar to Tutsa. Kimsing has most speakers and is most influential.
- Language Status
- 6b (Threatened)
- Language Use
- Vigorous in remote areas, shifting to Assamese [asm] and Hindi [hin] in town areas (2017 S. Morey). All domains in remote areas. Some of all ages. Positive attitudes. Also use Assamese [asm], especially in town areas. Also use English [eng]. Also use Hindi [hin], especially in town areas. Also use Singpho [sgp].
- Language Development
- Literacy rate in L2: 56% (2001 census).
- Other Comments
- ‘Tangsa’, hill people. Traditional religion, Buddhist, Christian. View other languages of India
Language Name
Naga, Tangsa
User Population
38,600 in India (2011 census). Includes 10,200 Tutsa (2011 census). 400 monolinguals.
