ydd ISO 639
ייִדיש (Yiddish) Autonyms
Yiddish, Eastern
Visualizations
A language of Israel
- ISO 639
- ydd
- Alternate Names
- Judeo-German, Yiddish
- Autonym
- ייִדיש (Yiddish)
- Population
- 166,000 in Israel (2016 Y. Druckman). Total users in all countries: 371,657.
- Location
- Jerusalem district.
- Language Maps
- Language Status
- 4 (Educational).
- Classification
- Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Yiddish
- Dialects
- Southeastern Yiddish, Mideastern Yiddish, Northeastern Yiddish (Litvish). A member of macrolanguage Yiddish [yid].
- Typology
- SVO; prepositions; noun head final; gender (masculine, feminine, neuter); definite and indefinite articles; verb affixes mark person, number; 20 consonant, 6 vowels and 3 diphthongs; non-tonal; stress on first syllable.
- Language Development
- Periodicals. Radio. Grammar. Bible: 1821–1936.
- Writing
- Hebrew script [Hebr].
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Southeastern dialect in Ukraine and Romania, Mideastern dialect in Poland and Hungary, Northeastern dialect in Lithuania and Belarus. Jewish.
- Language Resources
- OLAC resources in and about Yiddish, Eastern
Also Spoken in
- Location
- Major cities.
- Language Status
- 8b (Nearly extinct)
- Language Use
- Elderly only. Shifted to Spanish [spa].
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Argentina
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
The number of people speaking Yiddish is decreasing substantially (2014 L. Moreno).
- Location
- Antwerp.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Language Use
- A stable language community.
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Jewish. View other languages of Belgium
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
- Location
- Scattered.
- Language Status
- 9 (Dormant)
- Language Use
- Shifted to Bulgarian [bul].
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Bulgaria
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
No known L1 speakers in Bulgaria. Ethnic population: 2,200 (2016 World Jewish Congress).
- Location
- Widespread.
- Dialects
- Northeastern Yiddish (Litvish).
- Language Status
- 6a (Vigorous)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Belarus
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
7,000 in Belarus (2017).
- Location
- Scattered: Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Canada
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
13,600 in Canada (2016 census).
- Location
- San José.
- Language Status
- 7 (Shifting)
- Language Use
- Shifting to Spanish [spa].
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Costa Rica
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
- Location
- Widespread.
- Language Status
- 7 (Shifting)
- Language Use
- Adults only. Shifting to Standard German [deu].
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Jewish. View other languages of Germany
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
5,000 in Germany. Ethnic population: 49,200 (2000).
- Location
- Major cities.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Hungary
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
- Location
- Kauno, Klaipedos, Siauliu, and Vilniaus counties.
- Dialects
- Northeastern Yiddish (Lithuanian Yiddish, Litvish).
- Language Status
- 8a (Moribund)
- Language Use
- Shifted to Lithuanian [lit].
- Language Development
- In 2007, Lithuanian Jews were making efforts to bring back Yiddish in nursery school and hoping to add it to secondary schools as well (2007 BBC).
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Lithuania
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
A few hundred speakers. Ethnic population: 2,270 (2015 census).
- Location
- Scattered.
- Dialects
- Northeastern Yiddish.
- Language Status
- 8a (Moribund)
- Language Use
- Shifted to Standard Latvian [lvs]. Some also use Russian [rus].
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. The Jewish population has declined significantly since Communism fell in the 1990s, and many Jews moved to Israel and other nations. Jewish. View other languages of Latvia
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
2,000 in Latvia (2017).
- Location
- Scattered.
- Dialects
- Southeastern Yiddish (Bessarabian Yiddish).
- Language Status
- 8a (Moribund)
- Language Use
- Older adults only. One-quarter to one-half of the community is elderly. Shifted to Romanian [ron].
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Moldova
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
600 in Moldova (2018).
- Location
- Major cities.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Panama
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
- Location
- Major cities.
- Dialects
- Northeastern Yiddish (Litvish), Mideastern Yiddish (Polish Yiddish).
- Language Status
- 8b (Nearly extinct)
- Language Use
- Today’s remnant of less than 50 native speakers is a staggering loss from over 3 million speakers in Poland before outbreak of World War II. Elderly only. Shifted to Polish [pol].
- Language Development
- Yiddish classes are offered at the Galicia Jewish Museum in Krakow, as well as Yiddish concerts and films.
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Poland
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
37 in Poland (2002 census).
- Location
- Bucharest county.
- Dialects
- Southeastern Yiddish (Bessarabian Yiddish).
- Language Status
- 7 (Shifting)
- Language Use
- Shifting to Romanian [ron].
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Romania
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
640 in Romania (2011 census).
- Location
- Scattered.
- Language Status
- 7 (Shifting)
- Language Use
- Shifting to Russian [rus]. Also use Georgian [kat]. Also use Tajik [tgk]. Also use Tatar [tat].
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Russian Federation
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
1,680 in Russian Federation (2010 census).
- Location
- Scattered.
- Language Status
- 7 (Shifting)
- Language Use
- Shifting to Swedish [swe].
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Sweden
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
3,000 in Sweden (2017 WJC).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Turkmenistan
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
3,100 in Turkmenistan (2002 J. Leclerc).
- Location
- Scattered.
- Dialects
- Southeastern Yiddish (Podolian, Volhynian). Many loans from Hebrew [heb] and local languages. Eastern and Western [yih] Yiddish have difficult inherent intelligibility due to differing histories and influences from other languages. (1977 M. Herzog).
- Language Status
- 7 (Shifting)
- Language Use
- Adults only. Shifting to Russian [rus]. Shifting to Ukrainian [ukr]. View other languages of Ukraine
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
11,500 in Ukraine (2017).
- Location
- Scattered with concentrations in major urban centers.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Language Use
- Most also use English [eng]. Also use Hebrew [heb].
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of United States
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
User Population
156,000 in United States (2015 census).
- Location
- Scattered.
- Dialects
- Northeastern Yiddish (Litvish).
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Uruguay
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
- Location
- Major cities.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of South Africa
Language Name
Yiddish, Eastern
