Indo-European

Descendants

Albanian 4
Descendants
- Gheg 1
  - Albanian, Gheg aln, a language of Albania
- Tosk 3
  - Albanian, Arbëreshë aae, a language of Italy
  - Albanian, Arvanitika aat, a language of Greece
  - Albanian, Tosk als, a language of Albania
Armenian 2
- Armenian hye, a language of Armenia
- Armenian, Western hyw, a language of Turkey
Balto-Slavic 31
Descendants
- Baltic 7
  Descendants
  - Eastern 5
    - Latgalian ltg, a language of Latvia
    - Latvian, Standard lvs, a language of Latvia
    - Lithuanian lit, a language of Lithuania
    - Samogitian sgs, a language of Lithuania
    - Zemgalian xzm, a language of Latvia
  - Western 2
    - Prussian prg, a language of Poland
    - Sudovian xsv, a language of Poland
- Slavic 24
  Descendants
  - East 5
    - Belarusian bel, a language of Belarus
    - Russian rus, a language of Russian Federation
    - Rusyn rue, a language of Ukraine
    - Ruthenian rsk, a language of Serbia
    - Ukrainian ukr, a language of Ukraine
  - South 10
    Descendants
    - Eastern 3
      - Bulgarian bul, a language of Bulgaria
      - Macedonian mkd, a language of North Macedonia
      - Slavonic, Church chu, a language of Russian Federation
    - Western 7
      - Bosnian bos, a language of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      - Chakavian ckm, a language of Croatia
      - Croatian hrv, a language of Croatia
      - Montenegrin cnr, a language of Montenegro
      - Serbian srp, a language of Serbia
      - Slavomolisano svm, a language of Italy
      - Slovene slv, a language of Slovenia
  - West 9
    Descendants
    - Czech-Slovak 3
      - Czech ces, a language of Czechia
      - Knaanic czk, a language of Czechia
      - Slovak slk, a language of Slovakia
    - Lechitic 4
      - Kashubian csb, a language of Poland
      - Polabian pox, a language of Germany
      - Polish pol, a language of Poland
      - Silesian szl, a language of Poland
    - Sorbian 2
      - Sorbian, Lower dsb, a language of Germany
      - Sorbian, Upper hsb, a language of Germany
Celtic 6
Descendants
- Insular 6
  Descendants
  - Brythonic 3
    - Breton bre, a language of France
    - Cornish cor, a language of United Kingdom
    - Welsh cym, a language of United Kingdom
  - Goidelic 3
    - Irish gle, a language of Ireland
    - Manx glv, a language of Isle of Man
    - Scottish Gaelic gla, a language of United Kingdom
Germanic 49
Descendants
- North 7
  Descendants
  - East Scandinavian 4
    - Övdalian ovd, a language of Sweden
    Descendants
    - Danish-Swedish 3
      Descendants
      - Danish-Bokmal 1
        Norwegian nor, a language of Norway
      - Danish-Riksmal 1
        Descendants
        Danish 1
        Danish dan, a language of Denmark
      - Swedish 1
        Swedish swe, a language of Sweden
  - West Scandinavian 3
    - Faroese fao, a language of Faroe Islands
    - Icelandic isl, a language of Iceland
    - Norn nrn, a language of United Kingdom
- West 42
  Descendants
  - English 3
    - English eng, a language of United Kingdom
    - Scots sco, a language of United Kingdom
    - Yola yol, a language of Ireland
  - Frisian 3
    - Frisian fry, a language of Netherlands
    - Frisian, Northern frr, a language of Germany
    - Saterfriesisch stq, a language of Germany
  - High German 20
    Descendants
    - German 18
      - Hunsrik hrx, a language of Brazil
      Descendants
      - Middle German 8
        Descendants
        East Middle German 4
        German, Standard deu, a language of Germany
        Saxon, Upper sxu, a language of Germany
        Silesian, Lower sli, a language of Poland
        Wymysorys wym, a language of Poland
        West Middle German 4
        German, Pennsylvania pdc, a language of United States
        Palatinate Franconian pfl, a language of Germany
        Ripuarian ksh, a language of Germany
        Descendants
        Moselle Franconian 1
        Luxembourgish ltz, a language of Luxembourg
      - Upper German 9
        Eastern Franconian vmf, a language of Germany
        Descendants
        Alemannic 4
        German, Colonia Tovar gct, a language of Venezuela
        German, Swiss gsw, a language of Switzerland
        Swabian swg, a language of Germany
        Walser wae, a language of Switzerland
        Bavarian-Austrian 4
        Bavarian bar, a language of Austria
        Cimbrian cim, a language of Italy
        Hutterisch geh, a language of Canada
        Mócheno mhn, a language of Italy
    - Yiddish 2
      - Yiddish, Eastern ydd, a language of Israel
      - Yiddish, Western yih, a language of Germany
  - Low Saxon-Low Franconian 16
    Descendants
    - Low Franconian 5
      - Afrikaans afr, a language of South Africa
      - Dutch nld, a language of Netherlands
      - Limburgish lim, a language of Netherlands
      - West Flemish vls, a language of Belgium
      - Zeeuws zea, a language of Netherlands
    - Low Saxon 11
      - Achterhoeks act, a language of Netherlands
      - Drents drt, a language of Netherlands
      - Gronings gos, a language of Netherlands
      - Plautdietsch pdt, a language of Canada
      - Sallands sdz, a language of Netherlands
      - Saxon, East Frisian Low frs, a language of Germany
      - Saxon, Low nds, a language of Germany
      - Stellingwerfs stl, a language of Netherlands
      - Twents twd, a language of Netherlands
      - Veluws vel, a language of Netherlands
      - Westphalien wep, a language of Germany
Greek 6
Descendants
- Attic 5
  - Cappadocian Greek cpg, a language of Greece
  - Greek ell, a language of Greece
  - Greek, Ancient grc, a language of Greece
  - Pontic pnt, a language of Greece
  - Yevanic yej, a language of Israel
- Doric 1
  - Tsakonian tsd, a language of Greece
Indo-Iranian 312
Descendants
- Indo-Aryan 220
  - Sanskrit san, a language of India
  Descendants
  - Intermediate Divisions 99
    Descendants
    - Eastern 9
      Descendants
      - East Central 6
        Awadhi awa, a language of India
        Bagheli bfy, a language of India
        Chhattisgarhi hne, a language of India
        Fiji Hindi hif, a language of Fiji
        Kamar keq, a language of India
        Surgujia sgj, a language of India
      - Eastern Pahari 3
        Dotyali dty, a language of Nepal
        Jumli jml, a language of Nepal
        Nepali npi, a language of Nepal
    - Western 90
      - Domaaki dmk, a language of Pakistan
      - Powari pwr, a language of India
      Descendants
      - Bhil 19
        Bareli, Palya bpx, a language of India
        Bareli, Pauri bfb, a language of India
        Bareli, Rathwi bgd, a language of India
        Bauria bge, a language of India
        Bhilali bhi, a language of India
        Bhili bhb, a language of India
        Chodri cdi, a language of India
        Dhodia dho, a language of India
        Dubli dub, a language of India
        Dungra Bhil duh, a language of India
        Gamit gbl, a language of India
        Garasia, Adiwasi gas, a language of India
        Garasia, Rajput gra, a language of India
        Mawchi mke, a language of India
        Nahali nlx, a language of India
        Noiri noi, a language of India
        Pardhi pcl, a language of India
        Rathawi rtw, a language of India
        Wagdi wbr, a language of India
      - Dom 1
        Domari rmt, a language of Turkey
      - Gujarati 9
        Aer aeq, a language of Pakistan
        Gujarati guj, a language of India
        Jandavra jnd, a language of Pakistan
        Koli, Kachi gjk, a language of Pakistan
        Koli, Parkari kvx, a language of Pakistan
        Koli, Wadiyari kxp, a language of India
        Sourashtra saz, a language of India
        Vaghri vgr, a language of Pakistan
        Vasavi vas, a language of India
      - Khandesi 3
        Ahirani ahr, a language of India
        Dangi dhn, a language of India
        Khandesi khn, a language of India
      - Pahari 19
        Descendants
        Central Pahari 1
        Kumaoni kfy, a language of India
        Garhwali 1
        Garhwali gbm, a language of India
        Western Pahari 17
        Bhadrawahi bhd, a language of India
        Bhattiyali bht, a language of India
        Bilaspuri kfs, a language of India
        Chambeali cdh, a language of India
        Churahi cdj, a language of India
        Dogri dgo, a language of India
        Gaddi gbk, a language of India
        Hinduri hii, a language of India
        Jaunsari jns, a language of India
        Kangri xnr, a language of India
        Khah hkh, a language of India
        Kinnauri, Pahari kjo, a language of India
        Mandeali mjl, a language of India
        Pahari, Kullu kfx, a language of India
        Pahari, Mahasu bfz, a language of India
        Pangwali pgg, a language of India
        Sirmauri srx, a language of India
      - Panjabi 8
        Punjabi, Eastern pan, a language of India
        Descendants
        Western Panjabi 7
        Hindko, Northern hno, a language of Pakistan
        Hindko, Southern hnd, a language of Pakistan
        Inku jat, a language of Afghanistan
        Khetrani xhe, a language of Pakistan
        Pahari-Potwari phr, a language of Pakistan
        Punjabi, Western pnb, a language of Pakistan
        Saraiki skr, a language of Pakistan
      - Rajasthani 19
        Descendants
        Marwari 11
        Dhatki mki, a language of Pakistan
        Dhundari dhd, a language of India
        Goaria gig, a language of Pakistan
        Godwari gdx, a language of India
        Jogi jog, a language of Pakistan
        Loarki lrk, a language of Pakistan
        Marwari mve, a language of Pakistan
        Marwari rwr, a language of India
        Merwari wry, a language of India
        Mewari mtr, a language of India
        Shekhawati swv, a language of India
        Unclassified 8
        Bagri bgq, a language of India
        Gujari gju, a language of India
        Gurgula ggg, a language of Pakistan
        Haroti hoj, a language of India
        Lambadi lmn, a language of India
        Lohar, Gade gda, a language of India
        Malvi mup, a language of India
        Nimadi noe, a language of India
      - Romani 7
        Descendants
        Balkan 1
        Romani, Balkan rmn, a language of Serbia
        Northern 5
        Romani, Baltic rml, a language of Poland
        Romani, Carpathian rmc, a language of Slovakia
        Romani, Kalo Finnish rmf, a language of Finland
        Romani, Sinte rmo, a language of Germany
        Romani, Welsh rmw, a language of United Kingdom
        Vlax 1
        Romani, Vlax rmy, a language of Romania
      - Unclassified 3
        Mewati wtm, a language of India
        Parya paq, a language of Tajikistan
        Sonha soi, a language of Nepal
  - Outer Languages 91
    Descendants
    - Eastern 42
      Descendants
      - Bengali-Assamese 19
        Assamese asm, a language of India
        Bengali ben, a language of Bangladesh
        Bishnupuriya bpy, a language of India
        Chakma ccp, a language of Bangladesh
        Chittagonian ctg, a language of Bangladesh
        Hajong haj, a language of India
        Halbi hlb, a language of India
        Kewat kyv, a language of Nepal
        Kharia Thar ksy, a language of India
        Kurmukar kfv, a language of India
        Lodhi lbm, a language of India
        Mal Paharia mkb, a language of India
        Mirgan zrg, a language of India
        Nahari nhh, a language of India
        Rajbanshi rjs, a language of Nepal
        Rangpuri rkt, a language of Bangladesh
        Rohingya rhg, a language of Myanmar
        Sylheti syl, a language of Bangladesh
        Tangchangya tnv, a language of Bangladesh
      - Bihari 11
        Bhojpuri bho, a language of India
        Hindustani, Sarnami hns, a language of Suriname
        Kudmali kyw, a language of India
        Magahi mag, a language of India
        Maithili mai, a language of India
        Majhi mjz, a language of Nepal
        Musasa smm, a language of Nepal
        Panchpargania tdb, a language of India
        Sadri sck, a language of India
        Sadri, Oraon sdr, a language of Bangladesh
        Surjapuri sjp, a language of India
      - Oriya 9
        Bhatri bgw, a language of India
        Bhunjia bhu, a language of India
        Bodo Parja bdv, a language of India
        Desiya dso, a language of India
        Kupia key, a language of India
        Odia ory, a language of India
        Oriya, Adivasi ort, a language of India
        Reli rei, a language of India
        Sambalpuri spv, a language of India
      - Unclassified 3
        Angika anp, a language of India
        Bote bmj, a language of Nepal
        Buksa tkb, a language of India
    - Northwestern 34
      Descendants
      - Dardic 28
        Descendants
        Chitral 2
        Kalasha kls, a language of Pakistan
        Khowar khw, a language of Pakistan
        Kashmiri 1
        Kashmiri kas, a language of India
        Kohistani 9
        Bateri btv, a language of Pakistan
        Chilisso clh, a language of Pakistan
        Degano wsv, a language of Afghanistan
        Gawri gwc, a language of Pakistan
        Gowro gwf, a language of Pakistan
        Kohistani, Indus mvy, a language of Pakistan
        Mankiyali nlm, a language of Pakistan
        Tirahi tra, a language of Afghanistan
        Torwali trw, a language of Pakistan
        Kunar 4
        Dameli dml, a language of Pakistan
        Gawar-Bati gwt, a language of Afghanistan
        Grangali nli, a language of Afghanistan
        Shumashti sts, a language of Afghanistan
        Pashai 4
        Pashai, Northeast aee, a language of Afghanistan
        Pashai, Northwest glh, a language of Afghanistan
        Pashai, Southeast psi, a language of Afghanistan
        Pashai, Southwest psh, a language of Afghanistan
        Shina 8
        Brokskat bkk, a language of India
        Kalkoti xka, a language of Pakistan
        Kundal Shahi shd, a language of Pakistan
        Palula phl, a language of Pakistan
        Savi sdg, a language of Afghanistan
        Shina scl, a language of Pakistan
        Shina, Kohistani plk, a language of Pakistan
        Ushojo ush, a language of Pakistan
      - Sindhi 6
        Jadgali jdg, a language of Pakistan
        Kacchi kfr, a language of India
        Lasi lss, a language of Pakistan
        Luwati luv, a language of Oman
        Sindhi snd, a language of Pakistan
        Sindhi Bhil sbn, a language of Pakistan
    - Southern 15
      - Marathi mar, a language of India
      Descendants
      - Konkani 7
        Katkari kfu, a language of India
        Konkani knn, a language of India
        Konkani, Goan gom, a language of India
        Kukna kex, a language of India
        Phudagi phd, a language of India
        Samvedi smv, a language of India
        Varli vav, a language of India
      - Sinhalese-Maldivian 3
        Maldivian div, a language of Maldives
        Sinhala sin, a language of Sri Lanka
        Veddah ved, a language of Sri Lanka
      - Unclassified 4
        Bhalay bhx, a language of India
        Deccan dcc, a language of India
        Gowlan goj, a language of India
        Varhadi-Nagpuri vah, a language of India
  - Tharu 5
    - Tharu, Kathariya tkt, a language of Nepal
    - Tharu, Rana thr, a language of Nepal
    Descendants
    - Eastern Tharu 3
      - Tharu, Central the, a language of Nepal
      - Tharu, Dangaura thl, a language of Nepal
      - Tharu, Mid-Eastern thq, a language of Nepal
  - Unclassified 13
    - Andh anr, a language of India
    - Bazigar bfr, a language of India
    - Chinali cih, a language of India
    - Danuwar dhw, a language of Nepal
    - Darai dry, a language of Nepal
    - Dewas Rai dwz, a language of Nepal
    - Kanjari kft, a language of India
    - Kumal kra, a language of Nepal
    - Lohar, Lahul lhl, a language of India
    - Memoni mby, a language of Pakistan
    - Oadki odk, a language of India
    - Pali pli, a language of India
    - Vaagri Booli vaa, a language of India
  - Western Hindi 11
    Descendants
    - Bundeli 1
      - Bundeli bns, a language of India
    - Hindustani 4
      - Hindi hin, a language of India
      - Urdu urd, a language of Pakistan
      Descendants
      - Sansi 2
        Kabutra kbu, a language of Pakistan
        Sansi ssi, a language of India
    - Unclassified 6
      - Bhaya bhe, a language of Pakistan
      - Braj Bhasha bra, a language of India
      - Ghera ghr, a language of Pakistan
      - Gowli gok, a language of India
      - Haryanvi bgc, a language of India
      - Kanauji bjj, a language of India
- Iranian 85
  - Avestan ave, a language of Iran
  Descendants
  - Eastern 15
    Descendants
    - Northeastern 3
      - Ossetic oss, a language of Russian Federation
      - Yagnobi yai, a language of Tajikistan
      - Yassic ysc, a language of Hungary
    - Southeastern 12
      Descendants
      - Pamir 8
        Ishkashimi isk, a language of Afghanistan
        Munji mnj, a language of Afghanistan
        Sanglechi sgy, a language of Afghanistan
        Wakhi wbl, a language of Afghanistan
        Yadgha ydg, a language of Pakistan
        Descendants
        Shugni-Yazgulami 3
        Sarikoli srh, a language of China
        Shughni sgh, a language of Tajikistan
        Yazgulyam yah, a language of Tajikistan
      - Pashto 4
        Pashto, Central pst, a language of Pakistan
        Pashto, Northern pbu, a language of Pakistan
        Pashto, Southern pbt, a language of Afghanistan
        Waneci wne, a language of Pakistan
  - Western 69
    Descendants
    - Northwestern 52
      Descendants
      - Balochi 5
        Balochi, Eastern bgp, a language of Pakistan
        Balochi, Southern bcc, a language of Pakistan
        Balochi, Western bgn, a language of Pakistan
        Bashkardi bsg, a language of Iran
        Koroshi ktl, a language of Iran
      - Caspian 3
        Gilaki glk, a language of Iran
        Mazandarani mzn, a language of Iran
        Shahmirzadi srz, a language of Iran
      - Central Iran 11
        Ashtiani atn, a language of Iran
        Dari, Zoroastrian gbz, a language of Iran
        Fars, Northwestern faz, a language of Iran
        Gazi gzi, a language of Iran
        Khunsari kfm, a language of Iran
        Natanzi ntz, a language of Iran
        Nayini nyq, a language of Iran
        Parsi prp, a language of India
        Parsi-Dari prd, a language of Iran
        Sivandi siy, a language of Iran
        Soi soj, a language of Iran
        Vafsi vaf, a language of Iran
      - Kurdish 4
        Kurdish, Central ckb, a language of Iraq
        Kurdish, Northern kmr, a language of Turkey
        Kurdish, Southern sdh, a language of Iran
        Laki lki, a language of Iran
      - Ormuri-Parachi 2
        Ormuri oru, a language of Pakistan
        Parachi prc, a language of Afghanistan
      - Semnani 4
        Lasgerdi lsa, a language of Iran
        Sangisari sgr, a language of Iran
        Semnani smy, a language of Iran
        Sorkhei sqo, a language of Iran
      - Talysh 16
        Alviri-Vidari avd, a language of Iran
        Eshtehardi esh, a language of Iran
        Gozarkhani goz, a language of Iran
        Harzani hrz, a language of Iran
        Kabatei xkp, a language of Iran
        Kajali xkj, a language of Iran
        Karingani kgn, a language of Iran
        Kho’ini xkc, a language of Iran
        Koresh-e Rostam okh, a language of Iran
        Maraghei vmh, a language of Iran
        Razajerdi rat, a language of Iran
        Rudbari rdb, a language of Iran
        Shahrudi shm, a language of Iran
        Takestani tks, a language of Iran
        Talysh tly, a language of Azerbaijan
        Taromi, Upper tov, a language of Iran
      - Unclassified 1
        Dezfuli def, a language of Iran
      - Zaza-Gorani 6
        Bajelani bjm, a language of Iraq
        Gurani hac, a language of Iran
        Sarli sdf, a language of Iraq
        Shabak sdb, a language of Iraq
        Zazaki, Northern kiu, a language of Turkey
        Zazaki, Southern diq, a language of Turkey
    - Southwestern 17
      Descendants
      - Fars 2
        Fars, Southwestern fay, a language of Iran
        Lari lrl, a language of Iran
      - Luri 4
        Bakhtiâri bqi, a language of Iran
        Kumzari zum, a language of Oman
        Luri, Northern lrc, a language of Iran
        Luri, Southern luz, a language of Iran
      - Persian 9
        Aimaq aiq, a language of Afghanistan
        Bukharic bhh, a language of Israel
        Dari prs, a language of Afghanistan
        Dehwari deh, a language of Pakistan
        Dzhidi jpr, a language of Israel
        Hazaragi haz, a language of Afghanistan
        Pahlavani phv, a language of Afghanistan
        Persian, Iranian pes, a language of Iran
        Tajik tgk, a language of Tajikistan
      - Tat 2
        Judeo-Tat jdt, a language of Russian Federation
        Tat, Muslim ttt, a language of Azerbaijan
- Nuristani 6
  - Ashkun ask, a language of Afghanistan
  - Kamviri xvi, a language of Afghanistan
  - Kati bsh, a language of Afghanistan
  - Prasuni prn, a language of Afghanistan
  - Tregami trm, a language of Afghanistan
  - Waigali wbk, a language of Afghanistan
- Unclassified 1
  - Badeshi bdz, a language of Pakistan
Italic 45
Descendants
- Latino-Faliscan 1
  - Latin lat, a language of Vatican State
- Romance 44
  Descendants
  - Eastern 4
    - Aromanian rup, a language of North Macedonia
    - Romanian ron, a language of Romania
    - Romanian, Istro ruo, a language of Croatia
    - Romanian, Megleno ruq, a language of Greece
  - Italo-Western 35
    Descendants
    - Italo-Dalmatian 6
      - Dalmatian dlm, a language of Croatia
      - Istriot ist, a language of Croatia
      - Italian ita, a language of Italy
      - Judeo-Italian itk, a language of Italy
      - Napoletano-Calabrese nap, a language of Italy
      - Sicilian scn, a language of Italy
    - Western 29
      Descendants
      - Gallo-Iberian 28
        Descendants
        Gallo-Romance 15
        Descendants
        Gallo-Italian 6
        Emilian egl, a language of Italy
        Ligurian lij, a language of Italy
        Lombard lmo, a language of Italy
        Piedmontese pms, a language of Italy
        Romagnol rgn, a language of Italy
        Venetian vec, a language of Italy
        Gallo-Rhaetian 9
        Descendants
        Oïl 6
        Descendants
        French 5
        French fra, a language of France
        French, Cajun frc, a language of United States
        Guernésiais nrf, a language of Guernsey
        Picard pcd, a language of France
        Walloon wln, a language of Belgium
        Southeastern 1
        Arpitan frp, a language of France
        Rhaetian 3
        Friulian fur, a language of Italy
        Ladin lld, a language of Italy
        Romansh roh, a language of Switzerland
        Ibero-Romance 13
        Descendants
        East Iberian 1
        Catalan cat, a language of Spain
        Oc 2
        Occitan oci, a language of France
        Shuadit sdt, a language of France
        West Iberian 10
        Descendants
        Asturo-Leonese 2
        Asturian ast, a language of Spain
        Mirandese mwl, a language of Portugal
        Castilian 4
        Extremaduran ext, a language of Spain
        Ladino lad, a language of Israel
        Spanish spa, a language of Spain
        Spanish, Charapa spq, a language of Peru
        Portuguese-Galician 4
        Fala fax, a language of Spain
        Galician glg, a language of Spain
        Minderico drc, a language of Portugal
        Portuguese por, a language of Portugal
      - Pyrenean-Mozarabic 1
        Descendants
        Pyrenean 1
        Aragonese arg, a language of Spain
  - Southern 5
    Descendants
    - Corsican 1
      - Corsican cos, a language of France
    - Sardinian 4
      - Sardinian, Campidanese sro, a language of Italy
      - Sardinian, Gallurese sdn, a language of Italy
      - Sardinian, Logudorese src, a language of Italy
      - Sardinian, Sassarese sdc, a language of Italy