Croatia
PrintPrimary tabs
Albanian, Tosk
[als] Users: 17,100 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 17,500 (2011 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk.
Bosnian
[bos] Dubrovnik-Neretva, Istria, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Sisak-Moslavina, Split-Dalmatia, Vukovar-Syrmia, and Zagreb City. Users: 16,900 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 31,500 (2011 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Recognized language (2002, Constitutional Law on the Rights of Minorities, Article 15). Alternate Names: Serbo-Croatian. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Chakavian
[ckm] Istria county; Primorje-Gorski Kotar and Split-Dalmatia counties: coastal area and islands. Users: 50,000 in Croatia (2019). Total users in all countries: 95,000. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chakavski, Chekavski, Čakavština, Čakavian, Čakavica, Čekavski, Čokovski. Autonym: Čakavski. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Croatian
[hrv] Users: 4,100,000 in Croatia (2011 census). Total users in all countries: 6,765,010 (as L1: 5,505,010; as L2: 1,260,000). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1990, Constitution, Article 12.1). Alternate Names: Serbo-Croatian. Autonym: Hrvatski. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Croatian Sign Language
[csq] Scattered. Users: 6,500 (2019 EUD). Other estimates vary: 12,000 (2010 Croatian Association of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing); 13,000 (2014 Union of Deaf of Zagreb). 17,500 (2014 IMB). Ethnic population: 20,000 (2010 Croatian Association of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: CSL, Croatia Sign Language, HZJ, Hrvatski znakovni jezik. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Czech
[ces] Bjelovar-Bilogora, Požega-Slavonia, and Sisak-Moslavina counties. Users: 6,290 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 9,640 (2011 census). Status: 4 (Educational). Statutory language of provincial identity in Bjelovarsko-Bilogors county (2002, Constitutional Law on the Rights of Minorities, Article 15), based on census results, the Czech minority has the right to elect 1 member to the national legislature. Alternate Names: Češki, Čeština, Český jazyk. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak.
English
[eng] Users: 2,000,800 in Croatia, all users. L1 users: 800 in Croatia (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. L2 users: 2,000,000 (European Commission 2006). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Engelski. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
French
[fra] Users: 97,500 in Croatia (Beck et al 2018), L2 users. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
German, Standard
[deu] Widespread. Users: 1,462,990 in Croatia, all users. L1 users: 2,990 in Croatia (2011 census). L2 users: 1,460,000 (European Commission 2006). Ethnic population: 2,970 (2011 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Deutsch, Njemački. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German.
Hungarian
[hun] Bjelovar-Bilogora, Osijek-Baranja, Vukovar-Syrmia, and Zagreb city. Users: 10,200 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 14,000 (2011 census). Status: 4 (Educational). Statutory language of provincial identity in Osjecko-Baranjska county (2002, Constitutional Law on the Rights of Minorities, Article 15), based on census results, the Hungarian minority also has the right to elect 1 member to the national legislature. Alternate Names: Madžarski, Magyar. Classification: Uralic.
Istriot
[ist] Istria county: Bale, Fažana, Galižana, Rovinj, Šišan, and Vodnjan towns. Istrian peninsula, west coast. Users: 1,300, all users. L1 users: 400 (Salminen 2007). L2 users: 900 (Salminen 2007). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Istriano, Istro-Romance. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian.
Italian
[ita] Istria county: northwest near Slovenia border, along west coast, Istrian peninsula. Users: 618,600 in Croatia, all users. L1 users: 18,600 in Croatia (2011 census). L2 users: 600,000 (European Commission 2006). Ethnic population: 37,000 (2016 G. Patanè). Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Istria County (2003, Istrian Regional Statute, Article 6), per Italian bilateral treaty 1996. Alternate Names: Italiano, Talijanski. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian.
Macedonian
[mkd] Users: 3,520 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 4,140 (2011 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Eastern.
Romani, Sinte
[rmo] Istria and Međimurje counties. Users: 14,400 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 17,000 (2011 census). Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial working language in Medjimurska county (2002, Constitutional Law on the Rights of Minorities, Article 15). Alternate Names: Romanes, Sinte, Sinti. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani, Northern.
Romanian, Istro
[ruo] Primorje-Gorski Kotar county: Žejane village, Istrian peninsula, south towards northern reaches of Kvarner gulf. Users: 1,400, all users. L1 users: 300 (Salminen 2007). L2 users: 1,100 (Salminen 2007). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Istrio-Romanian, Istro-Romanian, Roma, Romani. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern.
Russian
[rus] Users: 51,590 in Croatia, all users. L1 users: 1,590 in Croatia (2011 census). L2 users: 50,000 (Arefyev 2012). Ethnic population: 1,280 (2011 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East.
Ruthenian
[rsk] Vukovar-Syrmia county. Users: 1,470 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 1,940 (2011 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Recognized language (2002, Constitutional Law on the Rights of Minorities, Article 15). Alternate Names: Rusnak, Rusnatski. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East.
Serbian
[srp] Widespread. Users: 60,700 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 187,000 (2011 census). Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial working language in Bjelovarsko-Bilgors, Brodsko-Posavska, Grad Zgreb, Istarska, Karlovacka, Koprivnicko-Krizevaka, Licok-Senjska, Osjecko-Baranjska, Pozescko-Slavonska, Sibensko-Kninska, and 4 other counties (2002, Constitutional Law on the Rights of Minorities, Article 15), the Serbian minority has the right to elect a maximum of 3 members to the national legislature. Alternate Names: Serbo-Croatian. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Slovak
[slk] Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Syrmia counties. Users: 3,790 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 4,750 (2011 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Slovenčina, Slovenský Jazyk. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak.
Slovene
[slv] Istria and Primorje-Gorski Kotar counties: scattered; urban areas of Rijeka and Zagreb. Users: 9,220 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 10,500 (2011 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Recognized language (2002, Constitutional Law on the Rights of Minorities, Article 15). Alternate Names: Slovenščina, Slovenian, Slovenski jezik. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Spanish
[spa] Users: 67,100 in Croatia (2018), L2 users. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
Ukrainian
[ukr] Vukovar-Syrmia and Zagreb City. Users: 1,010 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 1,880 (2011 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Recognized language (2002, Constitutional Law on the Rights of Minorities, Article 15). Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East.
Venetian
[vec] Istria and Split-Dalmatia counties: most of Istria peninsula, Fiume-Rijeka city, some cities in Kvarner and coastal Dalmatia. Users: 50,000 in Croatia (1994 T. Salminen). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Veneto. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italian.