Cambodia
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Brao
[brb] Ratanakiri province: Ta Veaeng district, north of Sesan river. Users: 9,030 in Cambodia (2009 UNSD). About 2,000 of the Brao counted in the census are Brao Tanap, which is actually more similar to Krung [krr]. 4,520 monolinguals (2009). Ethnic population: 9,030 (2009). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Braou, Brou, Lave, Laveh, Love, Proue. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Brao-Kravet.
Cambodian Sign Language
[csx] Scattered, mostly in and around Phnom Penh. Users: 7,500 (Woodward et al 2015c). Estimated 1,500 deaf signers up to possibly 13,000 (Woodward et al 2015c:160). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: CBDSL, CSL, Cambodia Sign Language, KSL, Khmer Sign Language. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Cham, Western
[cja] Scattered, nearly half of the Cham in Cambodia live in Kampong Cham and Tbong Khmum provinces, where they are about 6% of the total population. Cham also live dispersed through all other provinces especially Kampong Chhnang and Kratié provinces. Users: 249,000 in Cambodia (2019 J. Leclerc). No monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 312,500. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Cambodian Cham, Cham, New Cham, Tjam. Autonym: Chăm. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Chamic, Chamic, Coastal, Cham.
Chinese, Hakka
[hak] Ratanakiri and Stung Treng provinces: border areas, 2 enclaves along Sesan river. Users: 500 in Cambodia (2011 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Chinese, Mandarin
[cmn] Scattered, especially in major cities. Users: 2,100 in Cambodia (2019 J. Leclerc). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Chinese, Min Nan
[nan] Scattered. Users: 209,000 in Cambodia (2019 J. Leclerc). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Banlamgi, Minnan, Southern Min. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Chinese, Yue
[yue] Battambang and Kampong Cham provinces. Users: 20,000 in Cambodia (2011 SIL). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Chong
[cog] Koh Kong province: possibly Areng valley and scattered. Users: No known L1 speakers in Cambodia. Ethnic population: 1,200 (2015 The Cambodian Daily). Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Khmer Chong. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Pearic, Western, Chong.
Chung
[scq] Preah Sihanouk province: near Kampong Saom bay, east coast, but inland. Users: 10 in Cambodia (2009 J. Filipi), decreasing. Ethnic population: 450. Total users in all countries: 30. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Pearic, Western, Chong.
English
[eng] Major cities. Users: 3,502,360 in Cambodia, all users. L1 users: 2,360 in Cambodia (2009 UNSD). L2 users: 3,500,000 (2016 R. Salin). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
French
[fra] Scattered. Users: 473,600 in Cambodia, all users. L1 users: 16,600 in Cambodia (2019 J. Leclerc). L2 users: 457,000 (2020). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Barang, Français. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
Hindi
[hin] Users: 1,700 in Cambodia (2019 J. Leclerc). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani.
Jarai
[jra] Ratanakiri province: principally Andoung Meas, Bar Kaev, and Ou Ya Dav districts; northeast border near Vietnam. Users: 20,800 in Cambodia (2009 UNSD), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Cho-Rai, Chor, Chrai, Djarai, Gia-Rai, Gio-Rai, Jo’rai, Mthur. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Chamic, Chamic, Highlands.
Kachok
[xkk] Ratanakiri province: Andoung Meas district, Phum In village and 7 other villages; Veun Sai district, Kaoh Piek village. Users: 5,740 (2020 B. Aem), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kachah’, Kaco’. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, North Bahnaric.
Kavet
[krv] Stung Treng province: Siem Pang district; Ratanakiri province: Veun Sai district. Users: 6,220 (2009 UNSD). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Convet, Kaaveat, Khrak, Khvek, Kowet, Kraeth, Kravet, Kraveth. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Brao-Kravet.
Khmer
[khm] Widespread. Users: 16,300,000 in Cambodia, all users. L1 users: 15,300,000 in Cambodia (2020). L2 users: 1,000,000. Total users in all countries: 17,951,230 (as L1: 16,951,230; as L2: 1,000,000). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1993, Constitution, Article 5). Alternate Names: Cambodian, Central Khmer. Autonym: ខ្មែរ (Khmer). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Khmer.
Korean
[kor] Users: 12,000 in Cambodia (2019 Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Koreanic.
Kraol
[rka] Kratié province: Sambour district, Srae Chis commune; Mondolkiri province: Kaoh Nheaek district, Roya commune. Users: 4,200 (2009 UNSD). 4,200 monolinguals (2009). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, South Bahnaric, Sre-Mnong, Mnong, Southern-Central Mnong.
Krung
[krr] Ratanakiri province: Laos border area, mainly between Sesan and Sprepok rivers; Stung Treng province: southeast corner. Users: 20,700 (2009 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Brao Krung, Kreung, Kru’ng. Autonym: គ្រឹង (kreung). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Brao-Kravet.
Kuay
[kdt] Kampong Thom and Preah Vihear provinces: Sen river area; Kratié province: isolated area east of Kratié city on Mekong river; Stung Treng province: west of Mekong river. Users: 10,000 in Cambodia. Ethnic population: 37,700 (2007 E. Pawley). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Kui, Kuy. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, West Katuic, Kuay.
Lao
[lao] Banteay Meanchey province: 3 enclaves between Thai border and Sisophon city; Prey Veng province; Stung Treng province: between Laos border and Kong river; Svay Rieng province. Users: 18,500 in Cambodia (2009 UNSD). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Kra-Dai, Kam-Tai, Tai, Southwestern.
Lao Phuon
[phu] Banteay Meanchey province: Mongkol Borei district, Boung Preang, Kok Thnong, Pong Ror, Pouy Ta Sek, Prey To Teang, Rohat Teak, Sdey Kraom, Sdey Leu, Sranal, and Ta Sal villages. Users: 1,000 in Cambodia (Kev and Ly 2009). Ethnic population: 2,000 (Kev and Ly 2009). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Kra-Dai, Kam-Tai, Tai, Southwestern.
Mel-Khaonh
[hkn] Kratié province: Kracheh and Sambour districts. Users: Ethnic population: 3,670 (2016 SIL). 3,295 Mel and 375 Khaonh (2016 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, South Bahnaric, Stieng-Chrau.
Mnong, Central
[cmo] Kratié province: northeast and central; Mondolkiri province. Users: 37,500 in Cambodia (2009 UNSD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Budong, Bunong, Phanong, Phnong, Pnong. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, South Bahnaric, Sre-Mnong, Mnong, Southern-Central Mnong.
Pear
[pcb] Preah Vihear province: Rovieng district, 3–4 villages. Users: 1,670 (2011). Ethnic population: 1,830 (2008 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Por. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Pearic, Eastern.
Samre
[sxm] Siem Reap province: Siem Reap town area north of Lake Sap. Users: No known L1 speakers in Cambodia. Ethnic population: 200 (2000 D. Bradley). Total users in all countries: 10. Status: 9 (Dormant). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Pearic, Western, Samre.
Somray
[smu] Battambang province: Phumi Chhak Rokar area; Koh Kong province: far north; Pursat province: 2 areas, north, east, and west of Phum Tasanh, and Tanyong river around Phum Pra Moi. Users: 4,100 (2005 J. Ironside). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Pearic, Western, Samre.
Stieng, Bulo
[sti] Kratié province: Snuol district; possibly southern Mondolkiri province. Users: 6,540 in Cambodia (2009 UNSD). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kajiang. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, South Bahnaric, Stieng-Chrau.
Su’ung
[syo] Kampong Speu and Pursat provinces: Phumi Krang Trachak area. Users: 300 (Bradley 2007b), decreasing. Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Pearic, Western, Suoy.
Tampuan
[tpu] Ratanakiri province: Sesan river area south to Srepok river. Users: 31,000 (2009 UNSD), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Campuon, Proon, Proons, Tamphuan, Tampuen, Tampuon, “Kha Tampuon” (pej.). Autonym: តំពួន (Tampuon). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, Central Bahnaric.
Thai
[tha] Banteay Meanchey province: between Sisophon and Paoy Pet on Thai border (Thai Norkor Raja); Koh Kong province: west of Meleuk river (Thai Koh Kong). Users: 2,460 in Cambodia (2009 UNSD). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Kra-Dai, Kam-Tai, Tai, Southwestern.
Vietnamese
[vie] Phnom Penh; generally dispersed longstanding population; communities in urban areas, including Siem Reap, Preah Sihanouk, Ta Khmau, others. Users: 817,800 in Cambodia, all users. L1 users: 72,800 in Cambodia (2009 UNSD). L2 users: 745,000 (2019 J. Leclerc). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Tiếng Việt. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong, Vietnamese.