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Moldova
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1 (National)
Romanian
[ron]
1 (National). Statutory national language (2013, Constitutional Court, Jts. 8b and 41b). 2,180,000 in Moldova (2014 census). 1,540,000 Moldavian and 640,000 Romanian (2014 census). Ethnic population: 2,260,000 (2014 census). 2,070,000 Moldovan and 193,000 Romanian (2014 census).
3 (Wider communication)
Russian
[rus]
3 (Wider communication). De facto national working language. 1,714,000 in Moldova, all users. L1 users: 264,000 in Moldova (2014 census). L2 users: 1,450,000 (Arefyev 2012). Ethnic population: 112,000 (2014 census).
5 (Dispersed)
Bulgarian
[bul]
5* (Dispersed). Recognized language (2001, National Minority Law, Article 6(1)). 41,800 in Moldova (2014 census). Ethnic population: 51,900 (2014 census).
French
[fra]
5* (Dispersed). 55,000 in Moldova (Beck et al 2018), L2 users.
Ukrainian
[ukr]
5* (Dispersed). Recognized language (2001, National Minority Law, Article 6(1)). 107,000 in Moldova (2014 census). Ethnic population: 181,000 (2014 census).
5 (Developing)
Gagauz
[gag]
5* (Developing). Statutory language of provincial identity in Gagauzia (1994, Constitution, Articles 3(1), 3(2)). 115,000 in Moldova (2014 census). Ethnic population: 126,000 (2014 census). Total users in all countries: 148,720.
Moldova Sign Language
[vsi]
5 (Developing). Recognized language (2012, Article 25(1), Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities, No. 60). 5,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 5,000–13,000 deaf signers in Moldova for all sign languages, assuming 0.2%–0.5% of total population. Other estimates: 5,000 (2017 N. Andrianova), 17,500 (2014 IMB).
6a (Vigorous)
Romani, Balkan
[rmn]
6a* (Vigorous). 7,570 in Moldova (2014 census).
Romanian Sign Language
[rms]
6a* (Vigorous).
Russian Sign Language
[rsl]
6a (Vigorous). 5,000 in Moldova (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 5,000–13,000 deaf signers in Moldova for all sign languages, assuming 0.2%–0.5% of total population. Other estimates: 5,000 (2017 N. Andrianova), 17,500 (2014 IMB).
8a (Moribund)
Yiddish, Eastern
[ydd]
8a (Moribund). Recognized language (2001, National Minority Law, Article 6(1)). 600 in Moldova (2018).
Unestablished
Crimean Tatar
[crh]
Unestablished. 1,860 in Moldova.
German, Standard
[deu]
Unestablished. 6,700 in Moldova (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.
