Madagascar

French

[fra] 1 (National). Statutory national language (2010, Constitution, Article 6). 5,250,000 in Madagascar, all users. L1 users: 30,000 in Madagascar (2020 J. Leclerc). L2 users: 5,220,000 (2018).

Malagasy, Merina

[plt] 1 (National). Statutory national language (2010, Provisional Constitution, Article 6), use limited in higher education. 7,520,000 in Madagascar (2011 SIL). Total users in all countries: 7,546,100.

3 (Wider communication)

English

[eng] 3 (Wider communication).

5 (Developing)

Malagasy Sign Language

[mzc] 5 (Developing). 135,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 80,000–160,000, assuming 0.3%–0.6% of total population. Other estimates: 110,000 (2014 IMB); 170,000, assuming 1% (2014 Rajaonary Theodoric, World Association of Sign Language Interpreters).

6a (Vigorous)

Malagasy, Antankarana

[xmv] 6a (Vigorous). 156,000 (2011 SIL).

Malagasy, Bara

[bhr] 6a (Vigorous). 724,000 (2011 SIL).

Malagasy, Masikoro

[msh] 6a (Vigorous). 550,000 (2011 SIL). Ethnic population: A quarter are Masikoro; the rest are Masikoro speakers from other ethnic groups.

Malagasy, Northern Betsimisaraka

[bmm] 6a (Vigorous). 1,270,000 (2011 SIL).

Malagasy, Sakalava

[skg] 6a (Vigorous). 1,210,000 (2014 SIL). Based on extrapolations of latest census figures to report on Malagasy people groups (2014 L. Bouwer).

Malagasy, Southern Betsimisaraka

[bzc] 6a (Vigorous). 2,000,000 (2011 SIL).

Malagasy, Tandroy-Mahafaly

[tdx] 6a (Vigorous). 1,300,000 (2011 SIL). Tandroy 865,000; Mahafaly 330,000; Karimbola 103,000.

Malagasy, Tanosy

[txy] 6a (Vigorous). 639,000 (2011 SIL).

Malagasy, Tesaka

[tkg] 6a (Vigorous). 1,130,000 (2010 T. Bergman).

Malagasy, Tsimihety

[xmw] 6a (Vigorous). 1,615,000 (2011 SIL).

Unestablished

Arabic, Ta’izzi-Adeni Spoken

[acq] Unestablished. 56,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Chinese, Mandarin

[cmn] Unestablished. 70,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Comorian, Maore

[swb] Unestablished. 3,000 in Madagascar (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001).

Comorian, Mwali

[wlc] Unestablished. 1,000 in Madagascar (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001).

Comorian, Ndzwani

[wni] Unestablished. 8,000 in Madagascar (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001).

Comorian, Ngazidja

[zdj] Unestablished. 8,000 in Madagascar (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001).

Gujarati

[guj] Unestablished. 89,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Korean

[kor] Unestablished. 16,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Malay

[zlm] Unestablished. 33,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Morisyen

[mfe] Unestablished. 3,600 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Réunion French Creole

[rcf] Unestablished. 111,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Swahili

[swh] Unestablished. 5,600 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Madagascar

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