Leeward Caribbean English Creole

A language of Antigua and Barbuda

Location

Throughout Antigua and Barbuda.

Also spoken in:

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Anguilla

Language NameLeeward Caribbean English Creole

User Population

11,500 in Anguilla (2001 census).

Location

Widespread.

Alternate Names

Anguillan Creole English, Broken English, Creole, Dialect, Patwa

Language Status

6a (Vigorous). De facto language of national identity.

Language Use

Friends. Used by all. Also use English [eng].

Other Comments

When Creole languages exist alongside their lexifier language, a continuum forms of variations between the Creole and the lexifier language. It is therefore difficult to substantiate the exact number of Creole speakers and speakers of the lexifier language. Christian.

View other languages of Anguilla

Dominica

Language NameLeeward Caribbean English Creole

User Population

200 in Dominica (2004).

Location

Saint Andrew parish: Marigot, Wesley, and Woodford Hill in northeast Dominica; Saint John parish: Clifton (a suburb of Portsmouth) northwest.

Alternate Names

Broken English, Creole, Dialect, Kokoy Creole English, Patwa

Language Status

6a* (Vigorous).

Language Use

May have developed from migrants coming from Antigua and Montserrat (2011 K. Decker).

Other Comments

Non-indigenous. There is a continuum of variation from basilectal Creole to acrolectal English of the educated. Many left the island after Soufriere Hills volcano eruption on 18 July, 1995.

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Montserrat

Language NameLeeward Caribbean English Creole

User Population

5,130 in Montserrat (2020).

Location

Widespread.

Alternate Names

Broken English, Creole, Dialect, Montserrat Creole English, Patwa

Language Status

6a* (Vigorous).

Other Comments

There is a continuum of variation from basilectal Creole to acrolectal English of the educated. Many left the island after Soufriere Hills volcano eruption on 18 July, 1995.

View other languages of Montserrat

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Language NameLeeward Caribbean English Creole

User Population

51,000 in Saint Kitts and Nevis (2015).

Location

Widespread.

Alternate Names

Broken English, Creole, Dialect, Kittitian Creole English, Patwa, Saint Kitts Creole English

Dialects

Nevis English Creole.

Language Status

6a (Vigorous).

Language Use

All domains. Used by all. Negative attitudes. Also use English [eng].

Other Comments

There is a continuum of variation from basilectal Creole to acrolectal English of the educated.

View other languages of Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Martin

Language NameLeeward Caribbean English Creole

User Population

14,000 in Saint Martin (2011 SIL).

Location

Widespread.

Alternate Names

Broken English, Creole, Dialect, Patwa, Simaatn Creole English, Sint Maarten Creole English

Language Status

6a* (Vigorous).

Other Comments

There is a continuum of variation from basilectal Creole to acrolectal English of the educated.

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Sint Maarten

Language NameLeeward Caribbean English Creole

User Population

12,000 in Sint Maarten (2011 SIL).

Location

South Sint Martin: Philipsburg west.

Alternate Names

Broken English, Creole, Dialect, Patwa, Simaatn Creole English, Sint Maarten Creole English

Language Status

6a* (Vigorous).

Other Comments

Non-indigenous. There is a continuum of variation from basilectal Creole to acrolectal English of the educated.

View other languages of Sint Maarten

Leeward Caribbean English Creole

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A language of Antigua and Barbuda

Also spoken in:

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