Garifuna

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A language of Honduras

ISO 639-3
cab
Alternate Names
Black Carib, Caribe, Central American Carib, Garínagu, Karif
Autonym
Garífuna
User Population

43,100 in Honduras (2013 census), based on ethnicity. 100 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 100,000 (2021 J. Leclerc). Total users in all countries: 119,400.

Location

Atlántida and Colón departments; Cortes department: north coast between Masca and Plaplaya in Gracias a Dios department; Islas de la Bahía (Roatan island) department; cities: La Ceiba, Puerto Cortés, San Pedro Sula, and Tegucigalpa; 37 villages.

Language Maps
Language Status

6b (Threatened).

Classification
Maipurean, Northern, Maritime, Ta-Maipurean, Iñeri
Dialects

Western Garifuna, Eastern Garifuna. Related to Island Carib, with borrowings from Carib [car], Spanish [spa], English [eng], and French [fra]. Eastern Garifuna dialect is spoken in Honduras (leaves out, r, and tends to shorten words), Western Garifuna in Guatemala and Belize.

Typology

VSO.

Language Use

All domains. Some of all ages. Positive attitudes. A few also use English [eng]. Also use Spanish [spa], with some shifting in some villages.

Language Development

Literacy rate in L1: 1%–5%. Literacy rate in L2: 5%–15%. Radio. Dictionary. Grammar. Texts. Bible: 2002.

Language Resources
OLAC resources in and about Garifuna
Writing

Latin script [Latn].

Other Comments

Ancestors taken from Saint Vincent Island in 1796–1797, and taken to Roatan Island. Most went to Trujillo, Honduras in 1937. About 35 years later political troubles threatened their existence, and they fled further east into Honduras and Belize. Later they emigrated to other countries. Christian, traditional religion.

Also spoken in:

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