Dogri
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A language of India
2,600,000 (2011 census).
Jammu and Kashmir state: Kathua, Poonch, Reasi, and Udhampur districts; Himachal Pradesh state: Chamba and Kangra districts; Punjab state: Gurdaspur district.
4 (Educational). Statutory language of provincial identity in Jammu and Kashmir (1950, Constitution, Articles 345–347).
Dogri speakers understand each other well. Some reported difficulty understanding Kangri [xnr]. Department of Dogri at Jammu University designated Samba as the standard dialect and published textbooks based on this variety. Lexical similarity: 78% between dialects; excluding the most divergent site, others more than 86%. A member of macrolanguage Dogri [doi].
SOV.
Taught in government schools and as a subject in university. All domains. Used by all. Positive attitudes. Also use Eastern Punjabi [pan], in shops. Also use English [eng]. Also use Hindi [hin], in school and shops; many have only rudimentary knowledge of it. Also use Urdu [urd], especially middle-aged and older speakers. Used as L2 by Gujari [gju], Khah [hkh].
Literacy rate in L2: 18%–19%. Young people are becoming literate in Dogri. Taught in primary and secondary schools through grade 5 and as subject thereafter in Jammu and Kashmir state. Literature. Radio. Videos. Dictionary. NT: 1826–2017.
Dogri formerly considered a Punjabi dialect, but now promoted as a written language in India. Dhogri is a Scheduled Caste in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab who speak Chambeali [cdh] in Himachal and Dogri in Punjab (Singh 1995b). Hindu, Muslim.