Hruso

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A language of India

ISO 639-3
hru
Alternate Names
Aka, Angka, Angkae, Gusso, Hrusso, Tenae
User Population

3,000 (Van Driem 2007).

Location

Arunachal Pradesh state: West Kameng district, Thrizino sub-district, Balipho, Bhalukpong, Buragaon, Dijungonia, Gijiri, Gohainthan, Husigaon, Jamiri, Karangonia, Khuppi, Palizi, Polatari, Raghupam, Raindogonia, Tania, Tulu, and Yayom villages; East Kameng district, Seppa sub-district, Pisang village.

Language Maps
Language Status

6b (Threatened).

Classification
Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Central Tibeto-Burman, Hrusish
Dialects

Hruso, Levai (Bangru). No apparent wider affiliation within Tibeto-Burman. Varieties sometimes grouped under Tibeto-Burman as Hruish. Levai is similar to Miji [sjl] and may be a distinct language. Lexical similarity: 9% between Koro [jkr] and the Hruso dialect [hru]. Both are highly dissimilar to neighboring languages.

Typology

SOV.

Language Use

Steady shift away from Hruso, especially among youth educated outside the area. Some young people, all adults. Also use Assamese [asm]. Also use English [eng]. Also use Hindi [hin]. Also use Miji [sjl]. Used as L2 by Bugun [bgg], Miji [sjl].

Language Development

Literacy rate in L2: 48%: males 58%, females 39% (2001 census). Literature.

Language Resources
OLAC resources in and about Hruso
Writing

Latin script [Latn].

Other Comments

’Aka’, painted. Has 2 ethnic groups (Kavatsun and Kutsun) and an additional subdivision called Miri-Akas on the other side of Kaya River (known as Khrome) who speak Mising [mrg], not Hruso. Probably not the same as Plains Miri or Hill Miri (Mising) [mrg] (Sinha 1962). Aka in East Kameng District are called Koro Aka [jkr], distinct from Hruso Aka in West Kameng. Traditional religion, Christian.