Kalinga, Limos

Print

Primary tabs

A language of Philippines

ISO 639-3
kmk
Alternate Names
Limos-Liwan Kalinga, Northern Kalinga
Autonym
Linimos
User Population

12,700 (2007 census), increasing. 113,000 all Kalinga (2005 UNSD).

Location

Cordillera Administrative Region: Apayao province, Conner municipality; Kalinga province, Tabuk city, north to border.

Language Maps
Language Status

5 (Developing).

Classification
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Kalinga
Dialects

None known. Intelligibility: Lubuagan Kalinga [knb] 65%, Southern Kalinga [ksc] 66%, Tanudan Kalinga 67% [kml], Ilocano [ilo] 84%.

Typology

VOS; prepositions; genitives before noun heads; articles, adjectives and numerals before noun heads; relatives after noun heads; question word in sentence-initial position; 3 maximum prefixes, 2 maximum suffixes; word order does not distinguish subjects, objects and indirect objects; word order does not distinguish given and new information, topic and comment; affixes do not indicate case of noun phrases; verb affixes mark number; passives; causatives; comparatives; CV, CVC.

Language Use

All domains. Used by all. Positive attitudes. Also use English [eng]. Also use Ilocano [ilo]. Also use Tagalog [tgl]. Used as L2 by Mabaka Valley Kalinga [kkg].

Language Development

Literacy rate in L1: 70%. Literacy rate in L2: 80%. Literature. Radio. Videos. NT: 2004.

Language Resources
OLAC resources in and about Kalinga, Limos
Writing

Latin script [Latn], used since 1976.

Other Comments

Lowland teachers and church leaders use other languages which Limos Kalinga speakers find difficult to understand, and it forces the Limos Kalinga speakers to shift to the other languages. Christian.