Efate, North

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A language of Vanuatu

ISO 639-3
llp
Alternate Names
Nguna
Autonym
Nakanamanga
User Population

9,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Location

Shefa province: north Efate island, Nguna, Tongoa, and several smaller islands, southeast Epi.

Language Maps
Language Status

5* (Developing).

Classification
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Central Vanuatu
Dialects

Nguna (Guna, Ngunese, Tongoa), Buninga, Sesake, Emau, Paunangis, Livara.

Typology

SVO; 14 consonants and 5 vowels (for Nguna).

Language Use

Livara dialect is extinct. Also use English [eng]. Used as L2 by Emae [mmw], Eton [etn], Lelepa [lpa].

Language Development

Literacy rate in L1: 30%–60%. Literacy rate in L2: 50%–75%. Grammar. Bible: 1972.

Language Resources
OLAC resources in and about Efate, North
Writing

Latin script [Latn].