Luba-Kasai
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Alternate map
De Schryver (1999) proposes a slightly different map of localisation of speakers in DRC:
https://www.zupimages.net/viewer.php?id=22/46/8fzh.jpeg
There are also locations for Kisongye (Songe [sop]), Kanyok [kny], Kilubà (Luba-Katanga [lub]) and Kaonde [kqn].
Source:
de Schryver, Gilles-Maurice. 1999. Cilubà Phonetics: Proposals for a 'Corpus-Based Phonetics from Below' Approach. Ghent: Research Centre of African Languages and Literatures, University of Ghent.
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/122623
The Ethnologue cartographers will take De Schryver's map into consideration for any changes to be made.
Tshiluba seems to be using the former orthography.
"Cilubà" seems to be the new correct spelling for the autonym, "Tshiluba" being the old spelling.
These are the sources we used in French Wikipedia, but I am not sure about the quality of Kambaja 2016, as it uses an old version of the Wikipedia article full of inaccuracies and an erroneous map as a source, and I do not have access to Maalu-Bungi 2011:
Kambaja 2016, p.298:
Musampa Emmanuel Kambaja, « Textes de lecture et efficacité pédagogique dans une classe bilingue cilubà-français. Enquête menée à Mbuji-Mayi, RDC », in Bruno Maurer, Les approches bi-plurilingues d’enseignement-apprentissage: autour du programme Écoles et langues nationales en Afrique (ELAN-Afrique): Actes du colloque du 26-27 mars 2015, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier, Éditions des archives contemporaines (EAC), coll. « Plid », 2016 (ISBN 9782813001955, DOI 10.17184/eac.9782813001955)
https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_E596E78A1AD8.P001/REF
Maalu-Bungi 2011, p. 323:
Crispin Maalu-Bungi, « Quand la pratique lexicographique se modernise en RD Congo. Note sur Nkòngamyakù Cilubà–Mfwàlànsa, dictionnaire bilingue de NgoSemzara Kabuta », Lexikos, n° 21, 2011, pages 320-336
We will update information on autonyms for Luba-Lulua [lua] in the Democratic Republic of Congo, to be included in the next edition of the Ethnologue.
Dialect names?
In the New Updated Guthrie List Online, compiled by Jouni Filip Maho (2009), there seem to be more dialect names, and the ISO 639-3 code "lua" is attributed to a language called "Luba-Lulua" (L.31), with two sub-groups:
- L31a – Luba-Kasai, Tshiluba, Ciluba
- L31b – Lulua, Luluwa, West Luba
As I didn't find a free version of "The Classification of the Bantu Languages" (Guthrie 1948), I couldn't check the original list.
Jouni Filip Maho, NUGL Online : The online version of the New Updated Guthrie List, a referential classification of the Bantu languages, 2009, p. 69 (https://web.archive.org/web/20180203191542/http://goto.glocalnet.net/mah...)
We will change the name Luba-Kasai to Luba-Lulua [lua] and update the dialect names for this language, for inclusion in the next edition of the Ethnologue.
National language in DRC, not Statutory provincial language
It is stated in the Language Status section that
- 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Kasai Region (2006, Constitution, Article 1(8)).
But the article 1, line 8 states that:
- The national languages are Kikongo, Lingala, Swahili and Tshiluba. The State guarantees their promotion without discrimination.
There is no mention of the "Kasai Region".
https://web.archive.org/web/20130705042427/http://www.constitutionnet.or...(page 3 of the PDF)
[EDIT] this link doesn't seem to work properly, use the one on Wikipedia instead: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of... (4th link)
Note: This constitution has been adopted by the National Assembly on May 13, 2005, and approved by the Congolese people by the referendum of December 18 and 19, 2005. then promulgated on February 18, 2006 by President Joseph Kabila.
We will change the status of the 4 national languages of the Democratic Republic of Congo -- Kituba [ktu], Lingala [lin], Luba-Kasai (Luba-Lulua) [lua], and Congo Swahili [swc] -- from Statutory Provincial Language to Statutory Language of National Identity with the accompanying change of EGIDS values from 2 to 3 (LWC), and add LWC Comments for each language, for inclusion in the next edition of the Ethnologue.