Maka

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A language of Paraguay

Alternate Names
Enimaca, Enimaga, Maca, Macá, Maká, Towolhi
Autonym
Mak’á
User Population

1,040 (Crevels 2012). 400 monolinguals (2012). Ethnic population: 1,300 (Crevels 2012).

Location

Alto Paraná department: Micro Centro; Central department: Comunidad Maka (Corumba Kue); Cordillera department; possibly Itapúa department, Ita Paso; Presidente Hayes department: Villa Hayes and Kenkukek; San Pedro department; Paraguai river, northeast of Asuncion.

Language Maps
Language Status

5 (Developing). Recognized language (2010, Languages Act, No. 4251, Article 2).

Typology

22 consonants and 10 vowels (5 short, 5 long).

Language Use

Vigorous. Older adults and preschool children monolingual. Home, village, church. Used by all. Positive attitudes. Strong cultural cohesion and strong language identity. Also use Spanish [spa], especially among men.

Language Development

Literacy rate in L1: 30%–50%. Literacy rate in L2: 40% in Spanish [spa]. NT: 2013.

Writing

Latin script [Latn].

Other Comments

Christian.