Santhali

A language of India

Bihar state: Bhagalpur and Munger districts; Jharkhand state: Hazaribagh and Manbhum districts; Odisha state: Balasore district; West Bengal state: Bankura and Birbhum districts; Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura states.

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Bangladesh

Language NameSanthali

User Population

225,000 in Bangladesh (2011).

Location

Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions: widespread.

Alternate Names

Har, Har Rar, Hor, Sandal, Sangtal, Santal, Santali, Satar, Sonthal

Language Status

5 (Dispersed).

Language Use

Home, village, church, market. Used by all. Positive attitudes. Many also use Rangpuri [rkt]. Used as L2 by Koda [cdz], Mahali [mjx].

Language Development

Literacy rate in L1: 50%.

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Bhutan

Language NameSanthali

User Population

5,300 in Bhutan (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Language Status

Unestablished.

Other Comments

Non-indigenous.

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Nepal

Language NameSanthali

User Population

50,880 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 49,900 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. L2 users: 980 (2011 census). Very few monolinguals.

Location

Kosi province: Jhapa and Morang districts.

Alternate Names

Har, Har Rar, Hor, Sainti, Sandal, Sangtal, Santal, Santali, Santhal, Satar, Sentali, Sonthal

Language Status

5 (Dispersed). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Satar (Santhal).

Language Use

Migration, seasonal labor, illiteracy, lack of educational facilities are all threats to vitality. UNESCO). Home, friends, religion, work; mixed use: Education. Used by all. Positive attitudes. Many also use Nepali [npi]. Also use Maithili [mai].

Language Development

Literacy rate in L1: Very low. Taught as subject in primary schools.

Other Comments

Traditional religion, Christian, Hindu.

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Santhali

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A language of India

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