Afghanistan

Dari

[prs] 1 (National). Statutory national language (2004, Constitution, Article 16(1)). 28,660,000 in Afghanistan, all users. L1 users: 8,660,000 in Afghanistan (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. L2 users: 20,000,000 (2020). Total users in all countries: 29,452,210 (as L1: 9,452,210; as L2: 20,000,000).

Pashto, Southern

[pbt] 1 (National). Statutory national language (2004, Constitution, Article 16(1)). 13,320,000 in Afghanistan, all users. L1 users: 9,840,000 in Afghanistan (2017). L2 users: 3,480,000 (2021). Total users in all countries: 19,732,400 (as L1: 16,252,400; as L2: 3,480,000).

2 (Provincial)

Uzbek, Southern

[uzs] 2 (Provincial). Statutory language of provincial identity in Fariab, Jawzjan, Saripul, other northern provinces (2004, Constitution, Article 16(2)). 3,660,000 in Afghanistan, all users. L1 users: 3,120,000 in Afghanistan (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. L2 users: 540,000 (2021 World Factbook). 1,000,000 monolinguals (2010). Total users in all countries: 5,296,100 (as L1: 4,756,100; as L2: 540,000).

3 (Wider communication)

Pashto, Northern

[pbu] 3 (Wider communication). 5,190,000 in Afghanistan, all users. L1 users: 3,830,000 in Afghanistan (2017), increasing. L2 users: 1,360,000 (2021).

5 (Dispersed)

English

[eng] 5* (Dispersed). 1,812,000 in Afghanistan, all users. L1 users: 12,000 in Afghanistan (2017 J. Leclerc). L2 users: 1,800,000 (2021 World Factbook).

Khowar

[khw] 5* (Dispersed). 8,900 in Afghanistan (2017 J. Leclerc).

Kyrgyz

[kir] 5* (Dispersed). 750 in Afghanistan (2000). 450 in the Great Pamir; a few in Badakhshan.

Turkmen

[tuk] 5 (Dispersed). Statutory language of provincial identity in Turkmenistan border areas (2004, Constitution, Article 16(2)). 733,000 in Afghanistan (2021 World Factbook).

5 (Developing)

Afghan Sign Language

[afg] 5 (Developing). 190,000 (2021). Estimated 115,000–230,000 signing deaf (0.3%–0.6% of the total population), depending on incidence of deafness, availability of education, and impact of war.

Balochi, Western

[bgn] 5 (Developing). Statutory language of provincial identity in Southwest Desert Region (2004, Constitution, Article 16(2)). 415,000 in Afghanistan (2017 J. Leclerc).

Hazaragi

[haz] 5 (Developing). 3,120,000 in Afghanistan (2017). Total users in all countries: 3,628,900.

Kati

[bsh] 5 (Developing). Statutory language of provincial identity in Nuristan Province (2004, Constitution, Article 16(2)). 128,000 in Afghanistan (2017), increasing. Ethnic population: 128,000 (2017). Total users in all countries: 135,800.

Munji

[mnj] 5 (Developing). Statutory language of provincial identity in Badakhshan Province (2004, Constitution, Article 16(2)). 5,300 (2008 D. Beyer and S. Beck). Very few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 5,300.

Pashai, Southeast

[psi] 5 (Developing). Statutory language of provincial identity in Nangahar, Laghman provinces (2004, Constitution, Article 16(2)). 180,000 (2011 Pashai Language Development Project), increasing. 75,000 Laghman, 95,000 Nangarhar, 10,000 Kunar. Total Pashai speakers in Afghanistan: 366,000 (2020 World Factbook). 100,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 400,000.

Shughni

[sgh] 5 (Developing). 40,000 in Afghanistan (2009). Most are monolingual.

Wakhi

[wbl] 5 (Developing). 17,000 in Afghanistan (2011 S. Beck), increasing. Ethnic population: 17,000. Total users in all countries: 52,200.

6a (Vigorous)

Aimaq

[aiq] 6a (Vigorous). 1,400,000 in Afghanistan (2017 J. Leclerc). Total users in all countries: 1,886,900.

Ashkun

[ask] 6a (Vigorous). 40,000 (2011), increasing. 4,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 40,000.

Brahui

[brh] 6a (Vigorous). 200,000 in Afghanistan (Dupree 1980), increasing.

Gawar-Bati

[gwt] 6a (Vigorous). 32,000 in Afghanistan (2017). Ethnic population: 32,000 (2017). Total users in all countries: 36,000.

Gujari

[gju] 6a (Vigorous). 15,000 in Afghanistan (2015).

Kamviri

[xvi] 6a (Vigorous). 18,000 in Afghanistan (2011), increasing. 3,600 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 18,000. Total users in all countries: 20,000.

Pashai, Northeast

[aee] 6a (Vigorous). Statutory language of national identity (2004, Constitution, Article 16(2)). 54,400 (2000). Total Pashai speakers in Afghanistan: 366,000 (2020 World Factbook).

Pashai, Northwest

[glh] 6a* (Vigorous). 70,000 (2011 SIL). Total Pashai speakers in Afghanistan: 366,000 (2020 World Factbook).

Pashai, Southwest

[psh] 6a (Vigorous). 100,000 (2011 SIL). Total Pashai speakers in Afghanistan: 366,000 (2020 World Factbook).

Prasuni

[prn] 6a (Vigorous). 8,000 (2011), increasing. 1,600 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 8,000.

Sanglechi

[sgy] 6a (Vigorous). 2,200 (2009 S. Beck). Ethnic population: 2,200.

Savi

[sdg] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 in Afghanistan (2017). Total users in all countries: 9,000.

Shumashti

[sts] 6a (Vigorous). 1,000 (1994).

Tregami

[trm] 6a (Vigorous). 3,500 (2011), increasing. 700 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 3,500.

Waigali

[wbk] 6a (Vigorous). 28,000 (2017), increasing. 2,300 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 28,000 (2017).

6b (Threatened)

Arabic, Tajiki Spoken

[abh] 6b* (Threatened). 16,000 in Afghanistan (2017), decreasing.

Ishkashimi

[isk] 6b (Threatened). 2,500 in Afghanistan (2009 S. Beck), decreasing. No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 2,500 (2009 S. Beck). Total users in all countries: 3,000.

7 (Shifting)

Grangali

[nli] 7 (Shifting). 5,000 (1994).

Parachi

[prc] 7 (Shifting). 3,500 (Kiefer 2009).

8b (Nearly extinct)

Ormuri

[oru] 8b (Nearly extinct). 50 in Afghanistan (2011 SIL), decreasing. Ethnic population: 2,000.

Tirahi

[tra] 8b (Nearly extinct). 100. Ethnic population: 5,000.

9 (Dormant)

Degano

[wsv] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the late 1950s. Ethnic population: 30 (2017 D. Miller).

Inku

[jat] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last speakers probably survived into the 1990s.

Mogholi

[mhj] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Known to be in use in the 1970s by some older adults (Weiers 2003). Ethnic population: 2,000.

Pahlavani

[phv] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers.

Parya

[paq] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers in Afghanistan. Ethnic population: 240.

Unestablished

Azerbaijani, North

[azj] Unestablished. 13,000 in Afghanistan (2017 J. Leclerc).

Punjabi, Western

[pnb] Unestablished. 39,000 in Afghanistan (2017 J. Leclerc).

Sindhi

[snd] Unestablished. 21,000 in Afghanistan (2017 J. Leclerc).

Turkish

[tur] Unestablished. 9,500 in Afghanistan (2017 J. Leclerc).

Urdu

[urd] Unestablished. 733,000 in Afghanistan (2021 World Factbook).

Uyghur

[uig] Unestablished. 3,000 in Afghanistan.

Afghanistan

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