Belgium

Dutch

[nld] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1994, Constitution, Articles 2,4,30). 7,640,000 in Belgium, all users. L1 users: 6,160,000 in Belgium (European Commission 2012). L2 users: 1,480,000 (2017 P. Jorgensen).

French

[fra] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1994, Constitution, Articles 2,4,30). 9,570,000 in Belgium, all users. L1 users: 4,380,000 in Belgium (European Commission 2012). L2 users: 5,190,000 (European Commission 2012).

2 (Provincial)

German, Standard

[deu] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in German-speaking areas (1994, Constitution, Articles 2,4,30). 2,590,800 in Belgium, all users. L1 users: 50,800 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality. L2 users: 2,540,000 (2020).

5 (Dispersed)

English

[eng] 5* (Dispersed). 4,423,300 in Belgium, all users. L1 users: 43,300 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality. L2 users: 4,380,000 (2020).

Limburgish

[lim] 5 (Dispersed). 600,000 in Belgium (2001).

Luxembourgish

[ltz] 5* (Dispersed). Statutory language of provincial identity in southeastern Wallonia (1990, Valmy Feaux Decree of 14 December). 30,000 in Belgium (1998).

Yiddish, Eastern

[ydd] 5* (Dispersed).

5 (Developing)

Flemish Sign Language

[vgt] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2006, Parliamentary decree, 26 April 2006). 6,500 (2021 EUD). 6,500 deaf signers, approximately 0.1% of the total population of Flanders (2021 EUD).

French Belgian Sign Language

[sfb] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2003, Decree on the recognition of Sign Language, no. 4501 of 22 October). 4,000 (2021 EUD). 4,000 deaf signers (2021 EUD), approximately 0.1% of the total population of Wallonia. Another estimate: 26,500 (2014 IMB).

6b (Threatened)

Picard

[pcd] 6b (Threatened). Statutory language of provincial identity in western Hinaut Province (1990, Valmy Feaux Decree of 14 Dec). 200,000 in Belgium (Salminen 2007).

Walloon

[wln] 6b (Threatened). Statutory language of provincial identity in Wallonia (1990, Valmy Feaux Decree of 14 Dec). 600,000 (Salminen 2007), decreasing. Active speakers may only be 300,000 (Salminen 2007). Few monolinguals.

West Flemish

[vls] 6b (Threatened). 1,070,000 in Belgium (1998 University of Ghent). Total users in all countries: 1,232,000.

Unestablished

Albanian, Tosk

[als] Unestablished. 12,600 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Arabic, Algerian Spoken

[arq] Unestablished. 32,000 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Arabic, Mesopotamian Spoken

[acm] Unestablished. 8,140 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Arabic, Moroccan Spoken

[ary] Unestablished. 340,000 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken

[apc] Unestablished. 32,100 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Arabic, North Mesopotamian Spoken

[ayp] Unestablished. 4,590 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Arabic, Tunisian Spoken

[aeb] Unestablished. 20,900 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Bengali

[ben] Unestablished. 5,000 in Belgium (2018), based on nationality.

Bulgarian

[bul] Unestablished. 46,900 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Chinese, Mandarin

[cmn] Unestablished. 22,300 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Dari

[prs] Unestablished. 6,510 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Greek

[ell] Unestablished. 28,600 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Hindi

[hin] Unestablished. 13,600 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Italian

[ita] Unestablished. 279,000 in Belgium (2018 census), based on nationality.

Kabyle

[kab] Unestablished. 49,000 in Belgium (2000). All Berber speakers in Belgium: 115,000.

Kurdish, Northern

[kmr] Unestablished. 19,700 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Lingala

[lin] Unestablished. 20,100 in Belgium (2013 census).

Pashto, Southern

[pbt] Unestablished. 10,300 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Persian, Iranian

[pes] Unestablished. 12,900 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Polish

[pol] Unestablished. 97,200 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Portuguese

[por] Unestablished. 59,900 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Punjabi, Western

[pnb] Unestablished. 4,370 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Romanian

[ron] Unestablished. 121,000 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Russian

[rus] Unestablished. 62,100 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Spanish

[spa] Unestablished. 667,300 in Belgium, all users. L1 users: 95,300 in Belgium (2020). L2 users: 572,000 (2020).

Turkish

[tur] Unestablished. 145,000 in Belgium (2018 census), based on nationality.

Turoyo

[tru] Unestablished. 2,000 in Belgium (1994).

Urdu

[urd] Unestablished. 9,480 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.

Belgium

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