Bulgaria

Bulgarian

[bul] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1991, Constitution, Article 3). 6,840,000 in Bulgaria (European Commission 2012). Total users in all countries: 8,280,790.

4 (Educational)

English

[eng] 4 (Educational). 1,742,500 in Bulgaria, all users. L1 users: 2,500 in Bulgaria (2016 J. Leclerc). L2 users: 1,740,000 (2020).

5 (Developing)

Armenian, Western

[hyw] 5* (Developing). 5,620 in Bulgaria (2011 census).

Crimean Tatar

[crh] 5* (Developing). 1,370 in Bulgaria (2011 census).

Gagauz

[gag] 5* (Developing). 5,000 in Bulgaria (Salminen 2007).

Bulgarian Sign Language

[bqn] 5 (Developing). 21,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 14,000–28,000, assuming 0.2%–0.4% of the total population. Other estimates: 37,000 (2014 IMB), 50,000 (2019 EUD).

5 (Dispersed)

French

[fra] 5* (Dispersed). 164,000 in Bulgaria (Beck et al 2018), L2 users.

German, Standard

[deu] 5* (Dispersed). 557,000 in Bulgaria (2020), L2 users.

Romani, Vlax

[rmy] 5* (Dispersed). 1,830 in Bulgaria (2011 census).

Russian

[rus] 5* (Dispersed). 1,675,800 in Bulgaria, all users. L1 users: 15,800 in Bulgaria (2011 census). L2 users: 1,660,000 (European Commission 2012).

Turkish

[tur] 5* (Dispersed). Recognized language (1991, National Education Act , No. 86/18.10.1991), Allows mother-tongue education in primary grades 1–8 for Turkish speakers. 606,000 in Bulgaria (2011 census).

6a (Vigorous)

Aromanian

[rup] 6a* (Vigorous). De facto language of provincial identity in Blagoevgrad, Kyustendil, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv, Sofia, Sofia Capital, Stanamaka, Stara Zagora, Veliko Tarnovo and Vidin provinces. 9,800 in Bulgaria (2016 J. Leclerc).

Romani, Balkan

[rmn] 6a* (Vigorous). 481,000 in Bulgaria, all users. L1 users: 281,000 in Bulgaria (2011 census). 100,000 Arlija, 20,000 Dzambazi, 10,000 Tinsmiths, 10,000 East Bulgarian. L2 users: 200,000 (Gunnemark and Kenrick 1985).

6b (Threatened)

Macedonian

[mkd] 6b* (Threatened). 1,400 in Bulgaria (2011 census).

7 (Shifting)

Balkan Gagauz Turkish

[bgx] 7 (Shifting).

9 (Dormant)

Yiddish, Eastern

[ydd] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers in Bulgaria. Ethnic population: 2,200 (2016 World Jewish Congress).

Unestablished

Albanian, Gheg

[aln] Unestablished. 1,000 in Bulgaria (2016 J. Leclerc).

Chinese, Mandarin

[cmn] Unestablished. 1,900 in Bulgaria (2016 J. Leclerc).

Czech

[ces] Unestablished. 9,000 in Bulgaria (2016 J. Leclerc).

Greek

[ell] Unestablished. 3,220 in Bulgaria (2011 census).

Romanian

[ron] Unestablished. 5,520 in Bulgaria (2011 census).

Spanish

[spa] Unestablished. 128,000 in Bulgaria (2019), L2 users.

Ukrainian

[ukr] Unestablished. 1,760 in Bulgaria (2011 census).

Vietnamese

[vie] Unestablished. 1,700 in Bulgaria (2016 J. Leclerc).

Bulgaria

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