Spain
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Albanian, Tosk
[als] Users: 4,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk.
Arabic, Algerian Spoken
[arq] Users: 64,700 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Arabic, Egyptian Spoken
[arz] Users: 4,140 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Arabic, Moroccan Spoken
[ary] Users: 870,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Arabic, North Levantine Spoken
[apc] Users: 9,630 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Arabic, Tunisian Spoken
[aeb] Users: 2,900 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Aragonese
[arg] Aragon autonomous community: Huesca and Zaragoza provinces; Pyrenea (north border), Navarra (west border); north of Montsó (east). Ansó, Berdún, Chaca, Chasa, and Echo towns (Western Aragonese dialect); Bielsa, Biescas, Broto, L’Ainsa, Panticosa, Torla, and Yebra (Central Aragonese dialect); Benás (Benasque, Benasc, Patués), Bisagorri, Campo, Estadilla, Graus, Perarruga, and Plan (Eastern Aragonese dialect); Agüero, Alguezra, Almudébar, Angüés, Ayerbe, Balbastro, Bolea, Labata, Lierta, Nabal, Nozito, Pertusa, Rasal, and Uesca (Southern Aragonese). Users: 25,600 (Reyes et al 2017), all users. L1 users: 8,430 (Reyes et al 2017). No monolinguals (2017). Ethnic population: 1,550,000 (2019 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Altoaragonés, Aragoieraz, Aragonais, Aragonès, Fabla, Fabla Aragonesa, High Aragonese, Navarroaragonés, Patués. Autonym: Aragonés. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Pyrenean-Mozarabic, Pyrenean.
Armenian, Western
[hyw] Users: 12,100 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Armenian.
Asturian
[ast] Asturias, Castille and Leon autonomous communities. Users: 550,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 100,000 in Spain (Salminen 2007). 50,000 in Central Asturian, 30,000 in Western Asturian, 20,000 in Eastern Asturian. L2 users: 450,000 (1994 F. Botas). Ethnic population: 550,000 (1996). Total users in all countries: 560,000 (as L1: 110,000; as L2: 450,000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Astur-Leonese, Asturian-Leonese, Asturleonese. Autonym: Asturianu. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Asturo-Leonese.
Basque
[eus] País Vasco autonomous community: Alava, Bizkaia, and Gipuzkoa provinces; Navarra autonomous region. Users: 464,000 in Spain (European Commission 2012). Ethnic population: 2,000,000 residents of 3 provinces of Basque territory; 25% born outside territory, 40% in territory born to Basque parents. 4,400,000 in Spain have Basque surname; 19% live in Basque country. Total users in all countries: 563,860. Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Basque Country Autonomous Community (1979, Basque Country Autonomous Community Act 3, 1979, Article 6.1). Alternate Names: Euska, Euskera, Euskerie, “Vascuense” (pej.). Autonym: Euskara. Classification: Language isolate.
Belarusian
[bel] Users: 5,660 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East.
Bengali
[ben] Users: 19,800 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Eastern, Bengali-Assamese.
Bosnian
[bos] Users: 1,190 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Bulgarian
[bul] Users: 117,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Eastern.
Caló
[rmq] Scattered. Users: 40,000 in Spain. Total users in all countries: 460,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Caló Romani, Gitano, Hispanoromani, Iberian Romani, Romanó. Autonym: Caló. Classification: Mixed language, Iberian-Romani.
Catalan
[cat] Aragon, Balearic Islands, Catalonia, and Valencia autonomous communities; Murcia autonomous community: Carche region. Users: 8,810,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 3,710,000 in Spain (European Commission 2012). L2 users: 5,100,000 (European Commission 2012). Total users in all countries: 9,241,310 (as L1: 4,141,310; as L2: 5,100,000). Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Catalonia Autonomous Community (1979, Autonomy Act, No. 4, Article 3(2,5)). Statutory provincial language in Valencia Autonomous Community (1982, Autonomy Act, No. 9, Article 7), called Valencian in local laws. Statutory provincial language in Aragon Autonomous Community (1982, Autonomy Act, No. 8, Article 7), called LAPAO (Eastern Aragonese) in local laws. Statutory provincial language in Balearic Islands (1983, Statute of Autonomy of the Balearic Islands, No. 2, Article 3(3)). Alternate Names: Catalan-Valencian-Balear, Catalonian, Catalán, Valencian. Autonym: Català. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, East Iberian.
Catalan Sign Language
[csc] Scattered in Catalonia. Users: 25,000 (Jarque et al 2019), all users. Estimate for deaf and hearing cited from 2010 Federació de Persones Sordes de Catalunya. L1 users: 12,000 (Jarque et al 2019). Estimate cited from 2010 Federació de Persones Sordes de Catalunya. Total deaf sign signers for all three sign languages in Spain: 60,000–80,000 (2000 Instituto Nacional de Estadística), 100,000 (2019 EUD). Status: 6b (Threatened). Provincially recognized language in Catalonia Autonomous Community (2006, Basic Law No. 6 of 19 July). Provincially recognized language in Balearic Islands Autonomous Community (1985, Autonomy Act, No. 2, 1985, Article 3(2)). Provincially recognized language in Catalonia Autonomous Community (2010, Law 17/2010, DOGC 5647, 10-6-2010). Recognized language (2007, Law 27/2007, Official language of the deaf Community). Alternate Names: CSL, Catalonian Sign Language, LSC, Lengua de Señas Catalana, Lengua de Signos Catalana, Llengua de Signes Catalana, Llenguatge de signes. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Chinese, Mandarin
[cmn] Users: 229,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: 4 (Educational). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Croatian
[hrv] Users: 2,840 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Czech
[ces] Users: 6,950 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak.
Danish
[dan] Users: 8,860 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Danish-Riksmal, Danish.
Dutch
[nld] Users: 64,600 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Saxon-Low Franconian, Low Franconian.
English
[eng] Users: 10,825,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 425,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. L2 users: 10,400,000 (European Commission 2012). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Inglés. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
Erromintxela
[emx] Scattered in País Vasco autonomous community. Users: 500 in Spain (2009 J. McLaughlin). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Basque Caló, Basque Romani, Caló Vasco, Errominchela. Classification: Mixed language, Basque-Romani.
Estonian, Standard
[ekk] Users: 2,720 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Uralic, Finnic.
Extremaduran
[ext] Castille and Leon autonomous community: southwest Salamanca province; Extremadura autonomous community: northwest Caceres province. Users: 200,000 in Spain. 500,000 able to use it, including some monolinguals (1994 T. Erickson). Most use northern dialect. Ethnic population: 1,100,000 (1994). Total users in all countries: 201,500. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Barranquian, Cahtúo, Cahtúö, Extremeño. Autonym: Barranquênhu, Ehtremeñu. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
Fala
[fax] Extremadura autonomous community: Cáceres province, Sierra de Gata region, As Ellas, San Martín de Trebellu, and Valverdi du Fresnu towns, in Val de Xálima (Val du riu Ellas), an isolated valley on the Portugal border. Users: 8,600 (2018 census). 3,600 live in the language area (2018 census); 5,000 outside, many of whom return each summer (2016 J. Pearson). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: A Fala de Xálima, A Fala do Xãlima, Galaico-Extremaduran. Autonym: Fala, Nosa Fala. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Portuguese-Galician.
Finnish
[fin] Users: 11,100 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Uralic, Finnic.
French
[fra] Scattered. Users: 2,253,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 253,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. L2 users: 2,000,000 (2019). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
Galician
[glg] Castille and Leon autonomous community: western Leon and Zamora provinces; western Asturias and Galicia autonomous communities. Users: 2,320,000 in Spain (European Commission 2012). Total users in all countries: 3,127,900. Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Galicia Autonomous Community (1981, Autonomy Statute, Act 1 of 6 April, Article 5). Alternate Names: Gallego. Autonym: Galego. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Portuguese-Galician.
Gascon, Aranese
[oci] Catalonia autonomous region: Aran valley, northwest corner, Garona river headwaters, Pyrenees mountains. Users: 3,810 in Spain (1991 census). Spoken by most of the 4,800 living in the Aran Valley in the Pyrenees (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 5,550 (1991). Status: 6b (Threatened). Provincially recognized language in Catalonia (2010, Occitan Act, Autonomous Community of Catalonia Parliament, 22 September), Aranese in local laws. Alternate Names: Aranese, Aranés, Aranés Occitán, Arnais, Gascón. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc.
Georgian
[kat] Users: 20,400 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Kartvelian, Georgian.
German, Standard
[deu] Users: 639,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 116,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. L2 users: 523,000 (2019 Eurostat). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Alemán, Deutsch. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German.
Greek
[ell] Users: 5,100 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic.
Hungarian
[hun] Users: 10,600 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Uralic.
Icelandic
[isl] Users: 1,430 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, West Scandinavian.
Indonesian
[ind] Users: 1,970 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Chamic, Malayic, Malay.
Italian
[ita] Users: 256,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian.
Japanese
[jpn] Users: 6,160 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Japonic.
Kabuverdianu
[kea] Users: 3,100 in Spain (2015 Instituto de Apoio ao Emigrante). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Creole, Portuguese based.
Kazakh
[kaz] Users: 2,900 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian.
Korean
[kor] Users: 4,160 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Koreanic.
Kurdish, Northern
[kmr] Users: 1,320 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
Latvian, Standard
[lvs] Users: 5,040 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Baltic, Eastern.
Lithuanian
[lit] Users: 15,800 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Baltic, Eastern.
Nepali
[npi] Users: 5,480 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Eastern, Eastern Pahari.
Polish
[pol] Users: 51,800 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, West, Lechitic.
Portuguese
[por] Castille and Leon autonomous community, Extremadura autonomous community. Users: 197,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Portuguese-Galician.
Punjabi, Western
[pnb] Users: 29,700 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi.
Quinqui
[quq] Scattered throughout the north. Users: Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mercheros. Classification: Unclassified.
Romani, Vlax
[rmy] Users: 1,000 in Spain (2000). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani, Vlax.
Romanian
[ron] Users: 657,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern.
Russian
[rus] Users: 78,900 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East.
Serbian
[srp] Users: 3,800 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Slovak
[slk] Users: 5,760 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak.
Slovene
[slv] Users: 1,700 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Spanish
[spa] Widespread. Users: 46,490,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 41,900,000 in Spain (2019). L2 users: 4,590,000 (2019). Total users in all countries: 548,333,810 (as L1: 474,706,670; as L2: 73,627,140). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1978, Constitution, Article 3(1)), recognized statutory language in all autonomous cities and communities under various local laws. Alternate Names: Castilian. Autonym: Castellano, Español. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
Spanish Sign Language
[ssp] Scattered, except in Catalonia and Valencia autonomous communities. Users: 60,000 (2019). Deaf sign language users, total for all three sign languages in Spain: 60,000–80,000 (2000 Instituto Nacional de Estadística), 100,000 (2019 EUD). Based on these numbers and proportions of total population in various regions in Spain, estimated 45,000–75,000 for LSE. Status: 6b (Threatened). Recognized language (2007, Law 27/2007, Official language of deaf community). Alternate Names: LSE, Lengua de Señas Española, Lengua de Signos Española, Mímica. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Swedish
[swe] Users: 19,900 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish.
Tagalog
[tgl] Users: 37,200 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Tagalog.
Thai
[tha] Users: 2,220 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Kra-Dai, Kam-Tai, Tai, Southwestern.
Turkish
[tur] Users: 4,760 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkish.
Ukrainian
[ukr] Users: 111,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East.
Urdu
[urd] Users: 64,300 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani.
Valencian Sign Language
[vsv] Scattered in Valencia. Users: 6,000 (2014). Deaf sign language users, total for all three sign languages in Spain: 60,000–80,000 (2000 Instituto Nacional de Estadística), 100,000 (2019 EUD). Based on these numbers and proportions of total population in various regions in Spain, estimated 6,000–10,000 for LSV. Status: 6b (Threatened). Provincially recognized language in Valencia (2006, Law 1-2006, Autonomy Statute of Valencia, Article 13(4)). Alternate Names: LSCV, LSPV, LSV, Lengua de Signos Valenciana, Llengua de Signes Valenciana, Llengua de Signes en la Comunitat Valenciana, Llengua de signes del País Valencià. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Vietnamese
[vie] Users: 2,350 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong, Vietnamese.