Spain

Spanish

[spa] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1978, Constitution, Article 3(1)), recognized statutory language in all autonomous cities and communities under various local laws. 46,490,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 41,900,000 in Spain (2019). L2 users: 4,590,000 (2019). Total users in all countries: 548,333,810 (as L1: 474,706,670; as L2: 73,627,140).

2 (Provincial)

Basque

[eus] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Basque Country Autonomous Community (1979, Basque Country Autonomous Community Act 3, 1979, Article 6.1). 464,000 in Spain (European Commission 2012). Ethnic population: 2,000,000 residents of 3 provinces of Basque territory; 25% born outside territory, 40% in territory born to Basque parents. 4,400,000 in Spain have Basque surname; 19% live in Basque country. Total users in all countries: 563,860.

Catalan

[cat] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Catalonia Autonomous Community (1979, Autonomy Act, No. 4, Article 3(2,5)). Statutory provincial language in Valencia Autonomous Community (1982, Autonomy Act, No. 9, Article 7), called Valencian in local laws. Statutory provincial language in Aragon Autonomous Community (1982, Autonomy Act, No. 8, Article 7), called LAPAO (Eastern Aragonese) in local laws. Statutory provincial language in Balearic Islands (1983, Statute of Autonomy of the Balearic Islands, No. 2, Article 3(3)). 8,810,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 3,710,000 in Spain (European Commission 2012). L2 users: 5,100,000 (European Commission 2012). Total users in all countries: 9,241,310 (as L1: 4,141,310; as L2: 5,100,000).

Galician

[glg] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Galicia Autonomous Community (1981, Autonomy Statute, Act 1 of 6 April, Article 5). 2,320,000 in Spain (European Commission 2012). Total users in all countries: 3,127,900.

4 (Educational)

Chinese, Mandarin

[cmn] 4 (Educational). 229,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

English

[eng] 4 (Educational). 10,825,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 425,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. L2 users: 10,400,000 (European Commission 2012).

5 (Developing)

Caló

[rmq] 5* (Developing). 40,000 in Spain. Total users in all countries: 460,000.

Fala

[fax] 5 (Developing). 8,600 (2018 census). 3,600 live in the language area (2018 census); 5,000 outside, many of whom return each summer (2016 J. Pearson).

5 (Dispersed)

French

[fra] 5* (Dispersed). 2,253,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 253,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. L2 users: 2,000,000 (2019).

German, Standard

[deu] 5* (Dispersed). 639,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 116,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality. L2 users: 523,000 (2019 Eurostat).

Portuguese

[por] 5* (Dispersed). 197,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

6a (Vigorous)

Quinqui

[quq] 6a* (Vigorous).

6b (Threatened)

Aragonese

[arg] 6b (Threatened). 25,600 (Reyes et al 2017), all users. L1 users: 8,430 (Reyes et al 2017). No monolinguals (2017). Ethnic population: 1,550,000 (2019 census).

Asturian

[ast] 6b (Threatened). 550,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 100,000 in Spain (Salminen 2007). 50,000 in Central Asturian, 30,000 in Western Asturian, 20,000 in Eastern Asturian. L2 users: 450,000 (1994 F. Botas). Ethnic population: 550,000 (1996). Total users in all countries: 560,000 (as L1: 110,000; as L2: 450,000).

Catalan Sign Language

[csc] 6b (Threatened). Provincially recognized language in Catalonia Autonomous Community (2006, Basic Law No. 6 of 19 July). Provincially recognized language in Balearic Islands Autonomous Community (1985, Autonomy Act, No. 2, 1985, Article 3(2)). Provincially recognized language in Catalonia Autonomous Community (2010, Law 17/2010, DOGC 5647, 10-6-2010). Recognized language (2007, Law 27/2007, Official language of the deaf Community). 25,000 (Jarque et al 2019), all users. Estimate for deaf and hearing cited from 2010 Federació de Persones Sordes de Catalunya. L1 users: 12,000 (Jarque et al 2019). Estimate cited from 2010 Federació de Persones Sordes de Catalunya. Total deaf sign signers for all three sign languages in Spain: 60,000–80,000 (2000 Instituto Nacional de Estadística), 100,000 (2019 EUD).

Gascon, Aranese

[oci] 6b (Threatened). Provincially recognized language in Catalonia (2010, Occitan Act, Autonomous Community of Catalonia Parliament, 22 September), Aranese in local laws. 3,810 in Spain (1991 census). Spoken by most of the 4,800 living in the Aran Valley in the Pyrenees (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 5,550 (1991).

Spanish Sign Language

[ssp] 6b (Threatened). Recognized language (2007, Law 27/2007, Official language of deaf community). 60,000 (2019). Deaf sign language users, total for all three sign languages in Spain: 60,000–80,000 (2000 Instituto Nacional de Estadística), 100,000 (2019 EUD). Based on these numbers and proportions of total population in various regions in Spain, estimated 45,000–75,000 for LSE.

Valencian Sign Language

[vsv] 6b (Threatened). Provincially recognized language in Valencia (2006, Law 1-2006, Autonomy Statute of Valencia, Article 13(4)). 6,000 (2014). Deaf sign language users, total for all three sign languages in Spain: 60,000–80,000 (2000 Instituto Nacional de Estadística), 100,000 (2019 EUD). Based on these numbers and proportions of total population in various regions in Spain, estimated 6,000–10,000 for LSV.

7 (Shifting)

Extremaduran

[ext] 7 (Shifting). 200,000 in Spain. 500,000 able to use it, including some monolinguals (1994 T. Erickson). Most use northern dialect. Ethnic population: 1,100,000 (1994). Total users in all countries: 201,500.

8a (Moribund)

Erromintxela

[emx] 8a (Moribund). 500 in Spain (2009 J. McLaughlin).

Unestablished

Albanian, Tosk

[als] Unestablished. 4,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Arabic, Algerian Spoken

[arq] Unestablished. 64,700 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Arabic, Egyptian Spoken

[arz] Unestablished. 4,140 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Arabic, Moroccan Spoken

[ary] Unestablished. 870,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken

[apc] Unestablished. 9,630 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Arabic, Tunisian Spoken

[aeb] Unestablished. 2,900 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Armenian, Western

[hyw] Unestablished. 12,100 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Belarusian

[bel] Unestablished. 5,660 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Bengali

[ben] Unestablished. 19,800 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Bosnian

[bos] Unestablished. 1,190 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Bulgarian

[bul] Unestablished. 117,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Croatian

[hrv] Unestablished. 2,840 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Czech

[ces] Unestablished. 6,950 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Danish

[dan] Unestablished. 8,860 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Dutch

[nld] Unestablished. 64,600 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Estonian, Standard

[ekk] Unestablished. 2,720 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Finnish

[fin] Unestablished. 11,100 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Georgian

[kat] Unestablished. 20,400 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Greek

[ell] Unestablished. 5,100 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Hungarian

[hun] Unestablished. 10,600 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Icelandic

[isl] Unestablished. 1,430 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Indonesian

[ind] Unestablished. 1,970 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Italian

[ita] Unestablished. 256,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Japanese

[jpn] Unestablished. 6,160 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Kabuverdianu

[kea] Unestablished. 3,100 in Spain (2015 Instituto de Apoio ao Emigrante).

Kazakh

[kaz] Unestablished. 2,900 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Korean

[kor] Unestablished. 4,160 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Kurdish, Northern

[kmr] Unestablished. 1,320 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Latvian, Standard

[lvs] Unestablished. 5,040 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Lithuanian

[lit] Unestablished. 15,800 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Nepali

[npi] Unestablished. 5,480 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Polish

[pol] Unestablished. 51,800 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Punjabi, Western

[pnb] Unestablished. 29,700 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Romani, Vlax

[rmy] Unestablished. 1,000 in Spain (2000).

Romanian

[ron] Unestablished. 657,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Russian

[rus] Unestablished. 78,900 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Serbian

[srp] Unestablished. 3,800 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Slovak

[slk] Unestablished. 5,760 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Slovene

[slv] Unestablished. 1,700 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Swedish

[swe] Unestablished. 19,900 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Tagalog

[tgl] Unestablished. 37,200 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Thai

[tha] Unestablished. 2,220 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Turkish

[tur] Unestablished. 4,760 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Ukrainian

[ukr] Unestablished. 111,000 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Urdu

[urd] Unestablished. 64,300 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

Vietnamese

[vie] Unestablished. 2,350 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.

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