Israel

Arabic, Standard

[arb] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1922, Palestine Order in Council, Article 82, 10 October). 2,170,000 in Israel (2014 SIL), all users.

Hebrew

[heb] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1922, Palestine Order in Council, Article 82, 10 October). 8,300,000 in Israel, all users. L1 users: 5,000,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). Spoken by all Israelis as L1 or L2. Some who use it as L1 now in Israel learned it as L2 originally. L2 users: 3,300,000 (2018). Total users in all countries: 9,387,050 (as L1: 6,087,050; as L2: 3,300,000).

3 (Wider communication)

Arabic, South Levantine Spoken

[ajp] 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of national identity. 1,430,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

English

[eng] 3 (Wider communication). 6,202,000 in Israel, all users. L1 users: 92,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). L2 users: 6,110,000 (2018).

4 (Educational)

Yiddish, Eastern

[ydd] 4 (Educational). 166,000 in Israel (2016 Y. Druckman). Total users in all countries: 371,657.

5 (Dispersed)

Adyghe

[ady] 5* (Dispersed). 3,200 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Amharic

[amh] 5* (Dispersed). 77,800 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

French

[fra] 5* (Dispersed). 500,000 in Israel, all users. L1 users: 37,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). L2 users: 463,000 (Beck et al 2018).

Hungarian

[hun] 5* (Dispersed). 23,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Polish

[pol] 5* (Dispersed). 124,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). Ethnic population: 272,000.

Romanian

[ron] 5* (Dispersed). 250,000 in Israel (1993 Statistical Abstract of Israel).

Russian

[rus] 5* (Dispersed). 1,000,000 in Israel (Arefyev 2012), all users. L1 users: 464,000 (Leclerc 2018a).

5 (Developing)

Judeo-Tat

[jdt] 5* (Developing). 71,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Israeli Sign Language

[isr] 5 (Developing). 10,000 (Meir et al 2010). Approximately 0.1% of the total population.

6a (Vigorous)

Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language

[syy] 6a (Vigorous). 140 (Sandler et al 2005). About 140 deaf and an unknown number of hearing.

Arabic, Judeo-Yemeni

[jye] 6a* (Vigorous). 36,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Judeo-Georgian

[jge] 6a* (Vigorous). 58,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). Total users in all countries: 60,800.

6b (Threatened)

Kufr Qassem Sign Language

[sqx] 6b (Threatened). 50 (2020 R. Stamp). All monolingual users are over 40 years old (2020 R. Stamp).

7 (Shifting)

Arabic, Judeo-Iraqi

[yhd] 7 (Shifting). 94,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). Total users in all countries: 97,200.

Arabic, Judeo-Moroccan

[aju] 7 (Shifting). 53,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Arabic, Judeo-Tripolitanian

[yud] 7 (Shifting). 38,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). Total users in all countries: 43,000.

Armenian, Western

[hyw] 7 (Shifting). 4,300 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Bukharic

[bhh] 7 (Shifting). 64,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). Total users in all countries: 117,840.

Dzhidi

[jpr] 7 (Shifting). 55,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Lishana Deni

[lsd] 7 (Shifting). 8,800 (Leclerc 2018a). Ethnic population: 9,060.

Tigrigna

[tir] 7 (Shifting). 10,000 in Israel (1994 H. Mutzafi).

8a (Moribund)

Hulaulá

[huy] 8a (Moribund). Several thousands (2017 H. Mutzafi). Total users in all countries: 350.

Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic

[aij] 8a (Moribund). 3,500 (Leclerc 2018a).

Judeo-Berber

[jbe] 8a (Moribund). 2,900 (Leclerc 2018a).

Ladino

[lad] 8a (Moribund). 43,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). Total users in all countries: 51,016.

Lishán Noshan

[trg] 8a (Moribund). 4,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). Total users in all countries: 4,120.

8b (Nearly extinct)

Algerian Jewish Sign Language

[ajs] 8b (Nearly extinct). Very few in Israel, unknown number in France, none in Algeria (Lanesman and Meir 2012).

Barzani-Sandu Jewish Neo-Aramaic

[bjf] 8b (Nearly extinct). 6 (2017 H. Mutzafi).

Yevanic

[yej] 8b (Nearly extinct). 35.

9 (Dormant)

Arabic, Tunisian Spoken

[aeb] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers in Israel. Ethnic population: 10,000 (Leclerc 2018a).

Hebrew, Ancient

[hbo] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers.

9 (Second language only)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic

[tmr] 9 (Second language only). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: No ethnic community.

Samaritan

[smp] 9 (Second language only). No known L1 speakers in Israel. Ethnic population: No ethnic community.

Samaritan Aramaic

[sam] 9 (Second language only). No known L1 speakers in Israel. Ethnic population: No ethnic community.

Unestablished

Arabic, Egyptian Spoken

[arz] Unestablished. 27,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Arabic, Levantine Bedawi Spoken

[avl] Unestablished. 121,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken

[apc] Unestablished. 93,700 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

German, Standard

[deu] Unestablished. 14,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Greek

[ell] Unestablished. 3,400 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Italian

[ita] Unestablished. 6,800 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Malayalam

[mal] Unestablished. 11,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Marathi

[mar] Unestablished. 11,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Russian Sign Language

[rsl] Unestablished. 1,000 in Israel (Yoel 2007). Estimated number of deaf immigrants from the former Soviet Union since 1988.

Spanish

[spa] Unestablished. 175,000 in Israel, all users. L1 users: 130,000 in Israel (Instituto Cervantes 2019). L2 users: 45,000 (Instituto Cervantes 2019).

Tagalog

[tgl] Unestablished. 20,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Ukrainian

[ukr] Unestablished. 8,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a).

Israel

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