Iran
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Aimaq
[aiq] Mazandaran province: scattered. Users: 234,000 in Iran (2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
Alviri-Vidari
[avd] Markazi province: Saveh area; Qom province. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Arabic, Gulf Spoken
[afb] Hormozgan province and nearby Persian gulf islands; also Bushehr, Fars, Kerman, and Yazd provinces. Users: 275,000 in Iran (2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gulf Arabic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Arabic, Mesopotamian Spoken
[acm] Bushehr province: Deylam county; Khuzestan province: southwest Zagros mountains, Shatt al Arab river area. Users: 1,330,000 in Iran (2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Arabi, Mesopotamian Gelet Arabic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Arabic, Standard
[arb] Widespread. Users: 1,320,000 in Iran (2015 SIL), all users. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1979, Constitution, Article 16), used in education. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Armenian
[hye] Ardebil, East Azerbaijan, and West Azerbaijan provinces; Ahar, Isfahan, Khoi, Shahpur, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Tehran areas. Users: 108,000 in Iran (2019). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Armani, Armjanski, Eastern Armenian, Ermenice, Erâmani, Haieren, Somekhuri. Classification: Indo-European, Armenian.
Ashtiani
[atn] Markazi province: Ashtiyan and Tafresh. Users: 26,400 (2019). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Ashtiyani, Astiani. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
[aii] West Azerbaijan province: west of Lake Urmia; many in Reza’iyeh (Rizaiye) and Tehran. Users: 15,000 in Iran (1994). Ethnic population: 109,000 (2019). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aturaya Swadaya, Lishana Aturaya, Swadai, Swadaya. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
Avestan
[ave] Scattered. Users: No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: No ethnic community. Status: 9 (Second language only). Alternate Names: Avesta, Pazend, Zend. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian.
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani, South
[azb] Widespread, especially north and central. Users: 11,300,000 in Iran (2019). Ethnic population: 16,700,000 (2019). Total users in all countries: 14,629,370. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Azeri, Türki. Autonym: آذربایجان دیلی (Azərbaycan dili), آذربایجانجا (Azərbaycanca). Classification: Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani.
Bakhtiâri
[bqi] Khuzestan province; also west Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Lorestan, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces; Esfahan and Markazi provinces: Dorud, Masjed-e Soleiman, and Shahr-e Kord. Users: 1,240,000 (2019). 350,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lori, Lori-Bakhtiāri, Lori-ye Khaveri, Luri. Autonym: بختیاری (Bakhtiâri). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Luri.
Balochi, Southern
[bcc] Hormozgan province: southeast coast; Kerman province: Qaleh Ganj and Rudbar-e Jonubi counties; Sistan and Baluchestan province. Users: 501,000 in Iran (2019). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baloci, Baluchi, Baluci. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
Balochi, Western
[bgn] Kerman province: Rigan and Fahraj counties; Sistan and Baluchestan province: north; South Khorasan province: northeast. Users: 744,000 in Iran (2019). All Balochi in Iran: 2,000,000 (2019). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baloci, Baluchi, Baluci, Yarahmadza. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
Bashkardi
[bsg] Hormozgan province: east; Kerman province: south; Sistan and Baluchestan province: southwest. Users: 7,030 (2000). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bashaka. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
Brahui
[brh] Sistan and Baluchestan province: central, including Zahedan. Users: 23,200 in Iran (2019), increasing. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Barahui, Birahui, Brahudi, Kur Galli. Classification: Dravidian, Northern.
Dari
[prs] South Khorasan province. Users: 391,000 in Iran (2019). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Afghan Persian. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
Dari, Zoroastrian
[gbz] Kerman and Yazd provinces: settled communities. Users: 8,000 (1999). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Dari, “Gabar” (pej.), “Gabri” (pej.), “Yazdi” (pej.). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
Dezfuli
[def] Khuzestan province: Dezful and Shushtar. Users: Very few. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Dezfuli-Shushtari, Dezhfili, Dizfuli. Autonym: دزفولی (Dezfuli). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Unclassified.
Dzhidi
[jpr] Scattered. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Djudi, Judeo-Persian, Judi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
Eshtehardi
[esh] Markazi province: Karaj district, Eshtehard area. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Fars, Northwestern
[faz] Fars province: scattered. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
Fars, Southwestern
[fay] Fars province: Buringun, Davani, Kondazi, Papun, Masarm, Somghun, and others. Users: 110,000 (2019). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Fars.
Gazi
[gzi] Esfahan province: small area east of Kashan. Users: 7,030 (2000). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
Georgian
[kat] Esfahan province: Esfahan area, Najaf Abad, Shahin Shahr, and Yazdan Shahr; Mazandaran province: Behshahr. Users: 65,500 in Iran (2019). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Gorji, Gruzin. Classification: Kartvelian, Georgian.
Gilaki
[glk] Gilan province: coast south of Caspian and Talish sea. Users: 2,490,000 (2019), decreasing. 2,000 Galeshi. Ethnic population: 4,480,000 (2019). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Gelaki, Gilani, Guilaki, Guilani. Autonym: گیلکی (Gīlakī). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Caspian.
Gozarkhani
[goz] Qazvin province: Alamut area, Gozarkhan, Tajrish, north of Tehran. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Gozärkhon. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Gujarati
[guj] Users: 35,900 in Iran (2019). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati.
Gurani
[hac] Kermanshah province; Kordestan province: Iraq border area, Hewraman. Users: 180,000 in Iran (Paul 2007). Population provisionally estimated to be two-thirds of the 300,000 speakers in Iran and Iraq (2007 L. Paul). Total users in all countries: 300,000. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Avromani, Awroman, Awromani, Gorani, Hawramani, Hawrami, Hewrami, Hourami, Howrami, Ourami. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani.
Harzani
[hrz] East Azerbaijan province: Marand-Jolfa area northwest of Tabriz. Users: 34,900 (2019). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Harzandi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Hazaragi
[haz] Razavi Khorasan province: widespread, especially urban centers. Users: 389,000 in Iran (2019). Population increased significantly due to influx of Hazaragi-speaking refugees from Afghanistan. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hazara, Hezare’i, Hezareh. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
Hulaulá
[huy] Kordestan: Kerend, Sanandaj, and Saqqez. Users: 350 in Iran. Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern, Trans-Zab.
Iranian Sign Language
[psc] Scattered. Users: 250,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 165,000–330,000 deaf signers, assuming 0.2%–0.4% of total population. Ethnic population: 3,000,000 (2019). Total deaf and hard of hearing population reported to be as high as 3,000,000 (Sanjabi et al 2016). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Persian Sign Language, ZEI, Zaban Eshareh Irani. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Jadgali
[jdg] Sistan and Baluchestan province: Saravan area. Users: 10,000 in Iran (2017). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jat, Jatgali, Jatki. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi.
Kabatei
[xkp] Gilan province: Rudbar district. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Kajali
[xkj] East Azerbaijan province: Kaqazkonan district, Kajal. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Karakalpak
[kaa] Users: 53,900 in Iran (2019). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian.
Karingani
[kgn] East Azerbaijan province: Dizmar district, Keringan village; Hasanu district, northeast of Tabriz. Users: 22,200 (2019). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Karingani-Kalasuri-Khoynarudi, Keringani. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Kashkay
[qxq] Fars province: most; Bushehr, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Esfahan, and Hormozgan provinces; Gachsaran, Firuzabad, and Shiraz are centers. Users: 995,000 (2019). Ethnic population: 1,910,000 (2019). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kashkai, Qašqāʾī, Qashqa’i, Qashqay, Turki. Autonym: قاشقایجا (Qaşqayca), قشقاى ديلى (Qaşqay dili). Classification: Turkic, Southern.
Kazakh
[kaz] Golestan province: Gorgan city, Caspian sea area. Users: 3,000 in Iran (1982). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Gazaqi, Kazak, Kazakhi. Classification: Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian.
Khalaj
[klj] Qom province: northeast of Arak. Users: 53,900 (2019). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Arghu, Chaladsch, Jalái, Turkic Khalaj. Classification: Turkic, Southern.
Kho’ini
[xkc] Zanjan province: Kho’in district. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Khorasani Turkish
[kmz] Northeast, North Khorasan Province, northwest of Mashhad; Bojnurd area (West Quchani, Quchan area (North or Northeast Quchani, probably largest), Soltanabad area near Sabzevar (South Quchani). Users: 936,000 (2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Quchani, West Khorasani Turkic, West Xorasan Turkic, Xorasan, Xorasan Turkic. Autonym: خراسان تركچىسى (Xorasan Türkçesi). Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkish.
Khunsari
[kfm] Esfahan province: Isfahan and Kashan areas. Users: 26,400 (2019). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Khunsaric, Kuk. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
Koresh-e Rostam
[okh] East Azerbaijan province: Koresh-e Rostam district. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Koroshi
[ktl] Fars province. Users: 160. 40–50 families. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
Kurdish, Central
[ckb] West Azerbaijan and Kordestan provinces; also Hamadan, Kermanshah, and Zanjan provinces; Mahabad area (Mukri dialect); Sanandaj (Sine) area (Sanandaji dialect). Users: 557,000 in Iran (2019). Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto provincial working language in northwest. Alternate Names: Kordi, Korkora, Kurdi, Kurdy, Sine’i, Sorani, Wawa. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
Kurdish, Northern
[kmr] North Khorasan province: Quchan and Bojnurd towns; Mazandaran province: Kalardast region; West Azerbaijan, Golestan, Razavi Khorasan, and Qazvin provinces; east of the Caspian Sea, north and west of Lake Urmia (Khorasani Kurmanji dialect). Users: 485,000 in Iran (2019). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Eastern Kurmanji, Kordi, Kordi Kormanji, Kurdi, Kurmancî, Kurmanji. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
Kurdish, Southern
[sdh] Hamadan, Ilam, Lorestan, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, and Kordestan provinces; Sistan and Baluchestan province: southeast small area. Users: 3,730,000 in Iran (2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kurdî Xwarîn, Pehlewaní. Autonym: کوردی خوارگ (Kurdî xwarg), کوردیی باشووری (Kurdîyi başûrî). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
Laki
[lki] Ilam, Hamadan, and Lorestan provinces: Aleshtar, Khorramabad, Kuhdasht, and Nurabad-e Dolfan. Users: 1,240,000 (2019). 150,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Alaki, Leki. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
Laraki
[zum] Hormozgan province: Qeshm, Shahāb, Lārak, Lārak Shahri. Spoken in a single town in Iran. Users: 700 in Iran, all users. L1 users: 670 in Iran (Anonby and Yousefian 2011). L2 users: 30 (Anonby and Yousefian 2011). 70 monolinguals (Anonby and Yousefian 2011). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Komzāri, Komzari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Luri.
Lari
[lrl] Fars province: Lar district, Shiraz; Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces. Users: 118,000 (2019). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Larestani, “Achomi” (pej.). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Fars.
Lasgerdi
[lsa] Semnan province: Lasjerd southwest of Semnan. Users: 1,000 (2006 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lasjerdi, Läsgerdi, Läsjerdi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Semnani.
Luri, Northern
[lrc] Ilam province; Hamadan province: south; Khuzestan province: Andimeshk; Lorestan province: Borujerd, and Khorramabad; Markazi province: south edge. Users: 1,820,000 (2019). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lori, Luri, Luristani. Autonym: زۊن لٛوْری (Zön łôrī). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Luri.
Luri, Southern
[luz] Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province; Fars province: northwest; Khuzestan province: east; some in Bushehr province. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Dehdasht (Kohgiluyeh dialect), Yasuji (Boyerahmadi dialect); Fars province, Nurabad (Mamasani dialect), Shul and Shiraz (Shuli dialect). Users: 1,140,000 (2019), increasing. 300,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lor, Lori, Lori-ye Jonubi, Lur, Ruliy Luri. Autonym: لُرِىْ بُزُ رْگْ (Lorī-a bozorg). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Luri.
Mandaic
[mid] Khuzestan province: Hoveiseh, other towns. Users: 100 in Iran (2017). Ethnic population: 23,000. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Mandāyì, Mandɔyí, Mandaayi, Mandaean, Mandi, Mandini, Modern Mandaic, Neo-Mandaic, Raṭnā, Sabe’in, Sabean, Subbi. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Mandaic.
Mandaic, Classical
[myz] Scattered. Users: No known L1 speakers in Iran. Ethnic population: No ethnic community. Total users in all countries: none known. Status: 9 (Second language only). Alternate Names: Classical Mandaean. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Mandaic.
Maraghei
[vmh] Gilan province: upper Rudbar county (Rudbar-e Alamut). Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Mazandarani
[mzn] Mazandaran province; some in Golestan and Semnan provinces. Users: 2,320,000 (2019), decreasing. Some monolinguals in rural areas. Ethnic population: 4,480,000 (2019). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Gilaki, Mazanderani, Sari, Tabri. Autonym: طبری (Tabari), مازرونی (Mazuroni). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Caspian.
Natanzi
[ntz] Esfahan province: Natanz village on Isfahan-Kashan road. Users: 7,030 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
Nayini
[nyq] Esfahan province: Anarak and Nayin east of Isfahan; Khur and Mehrjan, northeast of Isfahan (Khuri dialect). Users: 7,030 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Biyabanak. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
Parsi-Dari
[prd] Scattered. Users: 27,500 (2019). Very few monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Parsee, Parsee-Dari, Parsi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
Pashto, Southern
[pbt] Razavi Khorasan and South Khorasan provinces: Afghanistan border east of Qa’en. Users: 113,000 in Iran (1993). Population does not include refugees. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Paktu, Pashtu, “Afghani” (pej.). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
Persian
Persian, Iranian
[pes] Widespread. Users: 73,500,000 in Iran, all users. L1 users: 52,500,000 in Iran (2019), increasing. 800,000 Eastern Farsi in Khorasan speak dialects which are transitional with Iranian Persian. L2 users: 21,000,000 (2019). Total users in all countries: 77,377,510 (as L1: 56,377,510; as L2: 21,000,000). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1979, Constitution, Article 15). Alternate Names: Farsi, New Persian, Parsi, Persian, West Persian, Western Farsi. Autonym: فارسی (Fārsi). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
Punjabi, Eastern
[pan] Users: 35,900 in Iran (2019). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi.
Razajerdi
[rat] Qazvin province. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Romani, Balkan
[rmn] Qazvin Province: Abyek district, Zargar village. Users: 35,900 in Iran (2019). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Romani ćhib. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani, Balkan.
Rudbari
[rdb] Zanjan province: Sefid Rud valley. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Salchuq
[slq] East Azerbaijan and Zanjan provinces. Users: No known L1 speakers. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Seljūq, Seljuq. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani.
Sangisari
[sgr] Semnan province; Shamirzad north of Mehdi (Shahmirzadi dialect). Users: 42,300 (2019). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mahdi Shahri, Mehdishahri, Sangesari, Sangsari, Sengiseri, Sengsari, Sängesäri, Sängsari, Sängsäri. Autonym: سنگسری (Sangesari). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Semnani.
Semnani
[smy] Semnan province. Users: 68,700 (2019). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Simnani. Autonym: سمنی زفون (Semani zefön). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Semnani.
Senaya
[syn] Qazvin and Tehran provinces. Users: 60 (1997 H. Mutzafi). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Christian Neo-Aramaic, Lshan Sray, Senaaya, Shan Gyanan, Shan Sray, Soray, Sray. Autonym: ܣܘܪ (Soray), ܣܢܝܐ (Senāya). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
Shahmirzadi
[srz] Semnan province: Shahmirzad. Users: Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Caspian.
Shahrudi
[shm] East Azerbaijan province: Khalkhal and Shahrud districts, Kolur, Lerd, and Shal. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Koluri. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Sivandi
[siy] Fars province: Sivand, northwest of Shiraz on Shiraz-Isfahan Road. Users: 7,030 (2000). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
Soi
[soj] Users: 7,030 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
Sorkhei
[sqo] Semnan province: Sorkheh, southwest of Semnan. Users: 10,000 (2006 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Semnani.
Tajik
[tgk] Users: 89,000 in Iran (2019). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
Takestani
[tks] Qazvin province: Takestan area; Markazi and Zanjan provinces: Saveh area. Users: 395,000 (2019). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Southern Tati, Takistani, Tati. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Talysh
[tly] Ardebil province: Ardabil and Namin counties; Gilan province: Kapur-Chal, Masal, and Masuleh, to Azerbaijan border in Caspian coastal plain and mountain areas. Astara, Azerbaijan, and the Caspian littoral areas (Northern Talyshi dialect); Gilan province: Asalem-Hashtpar area along Caspian littoral (Central Talyshi dialect); Gilan province: Masal, Masuleh, Shandermen, and surrounding mountainous areas (Southern Talyshi dialect). Users: 154,000 in Iran (2019). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Talesh, Taleshi, Talish, Talishi, Talyshi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Taromi, Upper
[tov] East Azerbaijan province: upper Tarom; Zanjan province: Hazarrud and Siavarud areas. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Tat, Muslim
[ttt] Gilan and Qazvin provinces. Users: 8,000 in Iran. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Mussulman Tati. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Tat.
Turkish
[tur] Users: 11,000 in Iran (2014 J. Leclerc). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkish.
Turkmen
[tuk] Golestan, Razavi Khorasan, and North Khorasan provinces: Turkmenistan border area; Mazandaran province: Gonbad-e Kavus and Pahlavi Dezh. Users: 746,000 in Iran (2019). Ethnic population: 2,570,000 (2019). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Torkomani, Türkmen dili, Türkmençe. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkmenian.
Urdu
[urd] Users: 89,000 in Iran (2019). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani.
Vafsi
[vaf] Markazi province: Arak district, Vafs, near Tafresh; some in Hamadan province. Users: 22,200 (2019). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.