Italy

Italian

[ita] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1999, Law No. 482, Article 1.1). 59,000,000 in Italy (European Commission 2012). Total users in all countries: 67,901,630 (as L1: 64,821,530; as L2: 3,080,100).

2 (Provincial)

French

[fra] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Valle d’Aoste (1999, Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482). 9,756,000 in Italy, all users. L1 users: 116,000 in Italy (2012 census). L2 users: 9,640,000 (European Commission 2012).

German, Standard

[deu] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Trentino-Alto Adige region (1999, Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482). 1,276,000 in Italy, all users. L1 users: 36,000 in Italy (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. L2 users: 1,240,000 (2019 Eurostat).

Slovene

[slv] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Trieste and Gorizia provinces (1999, Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482). 133,000 in Italy, all users. L1 users: 24,000 in Italy (European Commission 2012). L2 users: 109,000 (European Commission 2012).

5 (Developing)

Bavarian

[bar] 5* (Developing). 250,000 in Italy (2005).

Ligurian

[lij] 5* (Developing). 140,000 in Italy (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 148,210.

Napoletano-Calabrese

[nap] 5* (Developing). 5,700,000 (2002).

Sicilian

[scn] 5* (Developing). 4,700,000 (2002).

Venetian

[vec] 5* (Developing). 3,800,000 in Italy (2002). Total users in all countries: 3,852,500.

Italian Sign Language

[ise] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2021, Sostegni Decree, Article 34). 40,000 (2021 EUD). Less than 0.1%. Another estimate: 70,000 profoundly deaf people, including 9,000 school age. (Van Cleve 1986).

5 (Dispersed)

English

[eng] 5* (Dispersed). 20,734,000 in Italy, all users. L1 users: 34,000 in Italy (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. L2 users: 20,700,000 (European Commission 2012).

Romani, Sinte

[rmo] 5* (Dispersed). 14,000 in Italy (1980). 10,000 Manouche, 4,000 Slovenian-Croatian.

Romani, Vlax

[rmy] 5* (Dispersed). 4,000 in Italy. 1,000–3,000 Kalderash, 1,000 Lovari.

6a (Vigorous)

Lombard

[lmo] 6a* (Vigorous). 3,600,000 in Italy (2002). Total users in all countries: 3,903,000.

Mócheno

[mhn] 6a* (Vigorous). 1,900 (1992 R. Zamponi). 400 Fierozzo, 1,000 Palú, 460 Gereut.

6b (Threatened)

Albanian, Arbëreshë

[aae] 6b (Threatened). 100,000 (Salminen 2007). 380,000 Albanian speakers in Italy (2012 census). Ethnic population: 260,000 (Stephens 1976).

Arpitan

[frp] 6b (Threatened). 70,000 in Italy (Salminen 2007).

Cimbrian

[cim] 6b (Threatened). 2,230. 500 in Lusernese Cimbrian in Trentino Alto Oolige 40 km southeast from Trento, plus 1,500 Sette Comuni Cimbrian (40% of Roana (Rowan), 70% of Messaselva di Roana Rotzo) in Veneto around 60 km north of Vincenza (Kloss 1978), and 230 or 65% of Giazza (Ijetzan) Veneto, 43 km northeast of Verona (1992 R. Zamponi). 22,700 were in Sieben Gemeinde and 12,400 in Dreizehn Gemeinde in 1854.

Corsican

[cos] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000 in Italy (1990).

Friulian

[fur] 6b (Threatened). Statutory language of provincial identity in Friuli-Venezia Giulia autonomous region (2007, Regional law no. 29). 600,000 (2014 Agjenzie Regjonâl pe Lenghe Furlane), decreasing. 420,000 regular speakers, 180,000 occasional speakers (2014 Agjenzie Regjonâl pe Lenghe Furlane).

Ladin

[lld] 6b (Threatened). Ethnic population: 38,000.

Occitan

[oci] 6b (Threatened). 100,000 in Italy (1990 P. Blanchet).

Sardinian, Campidanese

[sro] 6b (Threatened). Statutory language of provincial identity in south Sardinia (1999, Atlantic Coast Languages Act No. 162, Article 4). 500,000 (Salminen 2007).

Sardinian, Gallurese

[sdn] 6b (Threatened). Statutory language of provincial identity in northeast Sardinia (1999, Atlantic Coast Languages Act No. 162, Article 4). 100,000 (Salminen 1999).

Sardinian, Logudorese

[src] 6b (Threatened). Statutory language of provincial identity in central Sardinia (1999, Atlantic Coast Languages Act No. 162, Article 4). 500,000 (Salminen 1999).

Sardinian, Sassarese

[sdc] 6b (Threatened). Statutory language of provincial identity in northwest Sardinia (1999, Linguistic Minority Defense Act No. 482, Article 2). 100,000 (Salminen 1999).

7 (Shifting)

Catalan

[cat] 7 (Shifting). 7,480 in Italy (Argenter 2008).

Emilian

[egl] 7 (Shifting). 440,000 (2006 S. Grementieri). Ethnic population: 3,000,000 (2008 I. Miani).

Piedmontese

[pms] 7 (Shifting). 700,000 in Italy (Regis 2012).

Romagnol

[rgn] 7 (Shifting). 160,000 in Italy (2006 S. Grementieri). Ethnic population: 1,100,000 (2008 I. Miani).

Slavomolisano

[svm] 7 (Shifting). 1,000 (2012 W. Breu). Ethnic population: 2,000 (2012 W. Breu).

Walser

[wae] 7 (Shifting). 3,400 in Italy (Fazzini Giovannucci 1978).

8a (Moribund)

Greek

[ell] 8a (Moribund). 20,000 in Italy (Vincent 1987).

Judeo-Italian

[itk] 8a (Moribund). 200 in Italy. Total users in all countries: 250.

9 (Second language only)

International Sign

[ils] 9 (Second language only). No known L1 users (2015 A. Bickford). No native signers; learned by adults at international gatherings. Ethnic population: No ethnic community (2015 A. Bickford).

Unestablished

Arabic, Algerian Spoken

[arq] Unestablished. 15,700 in Italy (2012 census).

Arabic, Egyptian Spoken

[arz] Unestablished. 57,700 in Italy (2012 census).

Arabic, Judeo-Tripolitanian

[yud] Unestablished. 5,000 in Italy (1994 H. Mutzafi).

Arabic, Moroccan Spoken

[ary] Unestablished. 309,000 in Italy (2012 census).

Arabic, Tunisian Spoken

[aeb] Unestablished. 73,400 in Italy (2012 census).

Bengali

[ben] Unestablished. 400,000 in Italy (2018), based on nationality.

Bosnian

[bos] Unestablished. 20,700 in Italy (2012 census).

Chinese

[zho] Unestablished. 160,000 in Italy (2012 census).

Croatian

[hrv] Unestablished. 13,300 in Italy (2012 census).

Kabuverdianu

[kea] Unestablished. 4,100 in Italy (2015 Instituto de Apoio ao Emigrante).

Kurdish, Northern

[kmr] Unestablished. 3,500 in Italy (2001). Ethnic population: 11,500 (2000).

Maltese

[mlt] Unestablished. 28,000 in Italy (Johnstone 1993).

Romani, Balkan

[rmn] Unestablished. 5,000 in Italy (1990).

Romanian

[ron] Unestablished. 798,000 in Italy (2012 census).

Russian

[rus] Unestablished. 127,000 in Italy (2012 census).

Serbian

[srp] Unestablished. 24,300 in Italy (2012 census).

Somali

[som] Unestablished. 50,600 in Italy (2000).

Spanish

[spa] Unestablished. 2,295,000 in Italy, all users. L1 users: 255,000 in Italy (2012 census). L2 users: 2,040,000 (2019).

Ukrainian

[ukr] Unestablished. 120,000 in Italy (2012 census).

Italy

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