Jamaica

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English

[eng] 1 (National). De facto national language. 86,000 in Jamaica, all users. L1 users: 36,000 in Jamaica (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. L2 users: 50,000 (Crystal 2003a).

5 (Developing)

Jamaican English Creole

[jam] 5* (Developing). De facto language of national identity. 2,670,000 in Jamaica (2001). Total users in all countries: 3,043,280.

Jamaican Sign Language

[jls] 5 (Developing). 7,500 (2011 E. Parks). Approximately 0.3% of the total population.

7 (Shifting)

Konchri Sain

[jcs] 7 (Shifting). 40 (Parks et al 2011b), decreasing. Approximately 40 deaf L1 users, number of hearing L1 users is unknown. 4 monolinguals (2016 B. Gayle).

Unestablished

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken

[apc] Unestablished. 22,000 in Jamaica (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Chinese, Hakka

[hak] Unestablished. 76,000 in Jamaica (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Portuguese

[por] Unestablished. 6,000 in Jamaica (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Spanish

[spa] Unestablished. 8,000 in Jamaica (Instituto Cervantes 2019).

Jamaica

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