North Macedonia
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Albanian, Gheg
[aln] Debar, Gostivar, Kicevo, Kumanovo, Ohrid, Resen, Skopje, Struga, and Tetovo municipalities. Users: 532,000 in North Macedonia (2018). Ethnic population: 534,000 (2018). Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in northern, western regions (1991, Constitution, Article 7(6)). Alternate Names: Geg, Gegnisht, Shqip, Shqyp. Classification: Indo-European, Albanian, Gheg.
Albanian, Tosk
[als] Users: 3,700 in North Macedonia (Leclerc 2018b). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk.
Aromanian
[rup] Bitola, Ohrid, Prilep, Resen, and Struga municipalities: Gevgelija, Kocani-Vinica, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Skopje, Stip, and Sveti Nikole; north of Ohrid and Presba lakes. Users: 18,200 in North Macedonia (Leclerc 2018b). Total users in all countries: 210,000. Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Armina, Armini, Aromunian, Arumanian, Arumenian, Macedo Romanian, Macedo-Rumanian, Vlach, Vlav. Autonym: Armani. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern.
Balkan Gagauz Turkish
[bgx] Bitola and Kumanovo municipalities. Kumanovo area (Gagauz dialect); Bitola area (Yuruk dialect). Users: 4,000 in North Macedonia (Leclerc 2018b). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Balkan Turkic. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkish.
Bosnian
[bos] Petrovec, Skopje, Veles and Zelenikovo municipalities. Users: 8,560 in North Macedonia (2002 census). Ethnic population: 17,000 (2002 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Serbo-Croatian. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Croatian
[hrv] Users: 2,700 in North Macedonia (Leclerc 2018b). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
French
[fra] Users: 42,700 in North Macedonia (Beck et al 2018), L2 users. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
Macedonian
[mkd] Widespread. Users: 1,410,000 in North Macedonia (2018). Ethnic population: 1,360,000 (2018). Total users in all countries: 1,729,740. Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1991, Constitution, Article 7(1)). Alternate Names: Macedonian Slavic. Autonym: македонски (Makedonski), македонски јазик (makedonski jazik). Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Eastern.
Macedonian Sign Language
[ysl] Scattered. Users: 2,000 in North Macedonia (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated assuming 0.1% of total population. Around 6,000 deaf people (Koceski and Koceska 2015). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Recognized language (2009, Law on Use of Sign Language, Article 2). Alternate Names: YSL, Yugoslav Sign Language, Yugoslavian Sign Language. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Romani, Balkan
[rmn] Scattered. Users: 40,300 in North Macedonia (2018). Ethnic population: 57,200 (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Romani ćhib. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani, Balkan.
Romani, Vlax
[rmy] Bitola, Dolneni, Ohrid, Prilep, and Resen municipalities. Users: Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani, Vlax.
Romanian, Megleno
[ruq] Gevgelija municipality. Users: 2,100 in North Macedonia (Leclerc 2018b). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern.
Serbian
[srp] Kriva Palanka, Kumanovo, and Skopje municipalities. Users: 25,400 in North Macedonia (2018). Ethnic population: 38,100 (2018). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Serbo-Croatian. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Turkish
[tur] Berovo, Bitola, Centar Zupa, Debar, Gostivar, Plasnica, Radovis, Struga, Strumica, and Valandovo municipalities. Users: 74,200 in North Macedonia (2018). Ethnic population: 82,600 (2018). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Osmanli, Türkçe. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkish.