Mali
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Arabic, Hasanya
[mey] Widespread. Users: 123,000 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Recognized language (1996, Law 96-049 of 14 December). Alternate Names: Hassani, Hassaniya, Hassaniyya, Maure, Mauri, Moor, Sahrawi, Sulaka, Suraka, Suraxxé. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Arabic, Standard
[arb] Widespread. Users: 41,800 in Mali (2015 SIL), all users. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1992, Constitution, Article 25), used in education. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Bamanankan
[bam] Widespread. Kayes, Koulikoro, and Ségou regions; Sikasso: north, middle Niger river watershed. Users: 14,000,000 in Mali, all users. L1 users: 4,000,000 in Mali (2012 V. Vydrin), increasing. 75,000 Ganadugu (Vanderaa 1991), 164,000 Wasulu (2009 census). L2 users: 10,000,000 (2012 V. Vydrine). Total users in all countries: 14,183,340 (as L1: 4,183,340; as L2: 10,000,000). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Bamanankan serves as lingua franca everywhere, except for the northeastern part of the country. Bamanankan is the form of Jula [dyu] recognized by the Malian government. Used for travel, market, and business communication. Alternate Names: Bamanakan, Bambara. Autonym: Bamanankan. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Northeastern Manding, Bamana.
Bangime
[dba] Mopti region: Bandiagara circle, 7 villages. Users: 2,000 (Blench 2005). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bangande, Bangeri Me, Bangeri Me Dogon, Bangerime, Bangi Me, Dyeni, Elebo, Noumandan, Numadaw. Classification: Language isolate.
Bankagooma
[bxw] Sikasso region: Sikasso circle, 2 areas northeast of Sikasso town; Danderesso, 7 other townships. Users: 6,000 (2007 SIL). Ethnic population: 6,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banka, Bankagoma, Bankagoroma, Bankaje, Samogho. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Samogo.
Bolon
[bof] Ségou region: San circle, 2 villages; Tominian circle, 7 villages. Users: 5,920 in Mali (1998 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bo, Boka, Boon, Boron. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding.
Bomu
[bmq] Mopti region: Djenne circle; Ségou region: San circle, San area on Bani river south bank; Sikasso region: enclave along Burkina Faso border. Users: 297,000 in Mali (2018). Total users in all countries: 353,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Bo, Bobo, Bobo Wule, Boore, Boré, Mu Boomu, Western Bobo Oule, Western Bwamu, Western Red. Autonym: Boomu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Bwamu.
Bozo, Jenaama
[bze] Mopti region: Djenné and Mopti circles on Niger river, Tenenkou and Youwarou circles; Ségou region: Niger river, upstream from Mopti. Users: 197,000 in Mali (2003 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Boso, Corogaama, Djenaama, Nononke, Sarkanci, Sarkawa, Sorko, Sorogaama, Sorogoye. Autonym: Sorogama. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Boso, Jenaama.
Bozo, Kelengaxo
[bzx] Ségou region: Macina and Ségou circles, Ke-Maacina area upstream to Tamani, both sides of Niger river. Users: 30,000 (2009 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Boso, Hain, Hainyaxo Bozo, Hanyaxo, Kelenga, Kelengaxo, Kélinga, Kéllingua, Xan, Xanyaxo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Boso, Eastern.
Bozo, Tiemacèwè
[boo] Mopti region: Youwarou circle, where Niger river leaves Lake Debo, 6 villages. Users: 2,500 (1991). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Boso, Bozo, Tiema Ciewe, Tiemacewe, Tièma Cièwè, Tièma Cèwè, Tièmacèwè, Tié. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Boso, Eastern.
Bozo, Tieyaxo
[boz] Mopti region: Tenenkou circle, northwest of Kouakourou town on Niger river; upriver into Ségou region: Machina circle. Users: 118,000 (1987 census). Population may include Tiemacèwè Bozo [boo] and Kelengaxo Bozo [bzx]. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Boso, Tie, Tiemaxo, Tigemaxo, Tiguémakho, Tiéyakho, Tyeyaxo, Tégué. Autonym: Tieyaxo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Boso, Eastern.
Dogon, Ampari
[aqd] Mopti region: Bandiagara circle, Pignari commune, 16 villages. Users: 5,200 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ambeenge, Ampari, Pignari. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Ana Tinga
[dti] Mopti region: Koro circle, Diankabou township, Ana village. Users: 500 (2005 D. Douyon and R. Blench). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Bankan Tey
[dbw] Mopti region: Douentza circle, north Douentza town area, Walo village, other hamlets. Users: 1,320 (1998 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bankan Tey, Oualo, Walo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Ben Tey
[dbt] Mopti region: Douentza circle, 3 villages south of Douentza town. Users: 3,000 (2005 J. Heath). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ben Tey. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Bondum Dom
[dbu] Mopti region: Douentza circle, Borko village. Users: 24,700 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bondum-Dom, Najamba-Kindige Dogon. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Bunoge
[dgb] Mopti region: Bandiagara circle, Goundaka township, Boudou, Dakouma, and Sangou villages. Users: 1,000 (2005 D. Douyon and R. Blench). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Budu-Tagu, Bunoge, Korandabo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Dogul Dom
[dbg] Mopti region: 14 villages northeast of Bandiagara, Nandoli is center. Users: 15,700 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dogul-Dom. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Donno So
[dds] Mopti region: Bandiagara circle, area upstream on Yame river. Users: 45,300 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Donno, Donno So, Kamba So, Kamma So. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Jamsay
[djm] Mopti region: Koro circle near Burkina Faso border; southwest Koro circle, Kiri town, northwest to Douentza circle. Users: 130,000 in Mali (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dyamsay Tegu, Gamsaj, Jamsay. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Mombo
[dmb] Mopti region: Bandiagara circle, 27 villages from Bandiagara to Mopti. Users: 19,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kolu-so, Kolum-so, Pignari. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Nanga Dama
[nzz] Mopti region: Douentza circle, 9 villages northeast of Bamba town, southwest of Debere town. Users: 3,000 (2009 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nanga Dogon. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Tebul Ure
[dtu] Mopti region: Koro circle, Diankabou township. Users: 3,000 (2005 FEL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Oru yille, Tebul Ure. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Tene Kan
[dtk] Mopti region: northeast Bankass circle, near Koro circle border; into Bandiagara circle. Users: 127,000 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tene Kan, Tene Tingi, Tengu Kan, Togo Kan. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Tiranige Diga
[tde] Mopti region: Kendie, Lowol Gueou, and Pignari Bana townships on northeast Dogon plateau. Users: 4,200 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Duleri, Duleri Dom. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Tommo So
[dto] Mopti region: Diamnati, Kassa, Kendé, Kendié, Metoumou, Ondougou, Segué Iré, Tédié, and Wadouba townships. Users: 60,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tombo-So, Tommo So. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Tomo Kan
[dtm] Mopti region: Bankass circle far southwest; Ségou region: Tominian circle. Users: 133,000 in Mali (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tomo-Kan. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Toro So
[dts] Mopti region: Bandiagara and Koro circles, Bereli and Madougou town areas. Users: 50,000 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Bomu Tegu, Dogoso, Toro So. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Toro Tegu
[dtt] Mopti region: Douentza circle, Ouro Nguerou town area, 15 villages. Users: 2,900 (1998 J. Durieux). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tandam. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Yanda Dom
[dym] Mopti region: Koro and Bandiagara circles, southwest of Bamba town. Users: 2,000 (Blench 2005). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dogon, Yanda, Yanda Dom. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Duungooma
[dux] Sikasso region: Kadiolo and Sikasso circles; Bafini river north basin. Users: 150,000 (2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Du, Duungo, Mali Duun, Samogho, Samogo, Samoro, Western Duun. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Samogo.
French
[fra] Users: 3,238,000 in Mali, all users. L1 users: 18,000 in Mali (2019). L2 users: 3,220,000 (2018). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1992, Constitution, Article 25). Alternate Names: Français. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
Fulfulde, Maasina
[ffm] Widespread. Users: 1,040,000 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 1,523,240. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Fulani, Fulbe, Macina, Peul, Toucouleur. Autonym: Fulfulde, Maasinankoore. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, West Central.
Jahanka
[jad] Kayes region: Kéniéba circle, Kofoulabé, a few other villages. Users: 500 in Mali (2001), decreasing. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Diakhanke, Diakkanke, Dyakanke, Jahanque, Jahonque, Jakankalou. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding.
Jalunga
[yal] Kayes region: Kéniéba circle, 3 enclaves. Users: 9,000 in Mali (2002 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Dialonke, Djallonke, Dyalonke, Jalonke, Jalunga xuwiina’, Jalunganéé, Jalungas, Yalunka, Yalunke. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Susu-Yalunka.
Jowulu
[jow] Sikasso region: Kadiolo circle, Loulouni commune, 12 villages on Burkina Faso border. Users: 17,000 in Mali (2021 SIL), increasing. Ethnic population: 20,000 (2021 SIL). Total users in all countries: 18,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Jo, Samogho. Autonym: Jowulu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Samogo.
Jula
[dyu] Widespread, in southeast. Users: 388,000 in Mali, all users. L1 users: 110,000 in Mali (2018). L2 users: 278,000 (2013 SIL). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Used for travel, market, and business communication. Alternate Names: Dioula, Diula, Djula, Dyoula, Dyula, Julakan. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Northeastern Manding, Bamana.
Kagoro
[xkg] Kayes region: Diema, northeast Kita, south Nioro circles; Koulikoro region: Kolokani and Nara circles; Ségou region: Kadiolo circle. 88 villages. Users: 15,000 (2001 V. Vydrin). Ethnic population: 30,000 (2001 V. Vydrin). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kakolo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-West.
Konabéré
[bbo] Sikasso region: east Yorosso circle, on Burkina Faso border; some in Ségou region. Users: 25,000 in Mali (2007 SIL). Few monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Black Bobo, Bobo, Bobo Da, Bobo Fi, Boboda, Konakuma, Kʋnabɩrɩ, “Bobo Fing” (pej.). Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Bobo.
Koromfé
[kfz] Mopti region: Koro circle, 11 villages on Burkina Faso border. Users: 6,000 in Mali (2011 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Foula, Foulse, Koromba, Kurum-Korey, Tellem. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Kurumfe.
Langue des signes de l’Afrique francophone
[ase] Scattered. Users: 25,000 in Mali (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 40,000–65,000 people with profound hearing loss in Mali (Nyst 2015), of which approximately half are assumed here to use LSAF [ase]. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: ASL, American Sign Language, LSAF, LSFA, Langue des signes franco-africaine, Malian ASL. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Malian Sign Language
[bog] Bamako capital district, other urban areas such as Kita, Mahina, Mopti, and Douentza, and some rural areas. Users: 25,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 40,000–65,000 people with profound hearing loss in Mali (Nyst 2015), of which approximately half are assumed here to use Malian Sign Language [bog]. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bamako Sign Language, LSM, LaSiMa, Langue des signes bambara, Langue des signes malienne. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Maninkakan, Eastern
[emk] Koulikoro region: Kati circle, into Kangaba circle, 5 communes; Sikasso region: Yanfolila circle. Users: 390,000 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Maninga, Maninka, Maninkakan, Maninkaxan. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Southeastern Manding.
Maninkakan, Kita
[mwk] Bamako capital district; Kayes region: Kita circle except far east; Koulikoro region: west of Bamako; Ségou region: Baroueli circle. Users: 434,000 (2014 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Recognized language (1996, Law 96-049 of 28 December). Alternate Names: Central Malinke, Kita Maninka, Malinke. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-West.
Maninkakan, Western
[mlq] Kayes region: Bafoulabé circle and Baking-Baloy drainage area; Kayes circle north to Kayes, north Kéniéba circle. Users: 433,000 in Mali (2009 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Malinka, Malinké, Northwestern Maninka, Western Malinke. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-West.
Marka
[rkm] Mopti region: Bankass circle, south of Dialassagou town; Ségou region: northeast Tominian circle, along Burkina Faso border. Users: 50,800 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dafing, Marka-Dafin, Meka. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Marka-Dafin.
Mòoré
[mos] Mopti region: Koro circle on Burkina Faso border, border area south of Koro town. Users: 46,700 in Mali (2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mole, More, Moshi, Mossi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest.
Pana
[pnq] Mopti region: Bankass circle, Baye township, on Mali-Burkina Faso border. Users: 2,800 in Mali (1982 SIL), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sama. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern.
Pulaar
[fuc] Kayes region: Diema, northwest Kayes, Nioro, and Yelimané circles; Koulikoro region: Banamba, north Kolokani, and Nara circles. Users: 276,000 in Mali (2018). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Peuhl, Peul, Pulaar Fulfulde. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, Western.
Pular
[fuf] Kayes region: Kéniéba circle. Users: 50,000 in Mali (Vanderaa 1991). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Foula Fouta, Fouta Dyalon, Fulfulde Jalon, Fullo Fuuta, Futa Fula, Futa Jallon, Fuuta Jalon. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, West Central.
Samo, Matya
[stj] Mopti region: Bankass circle, southeast Baye township, Dissa and 12 other villages. Users: 1,000 in Mali (2013 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Samogho, San, San Macaa, Sànán, Sã. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Samo.
Sàmòmá
[knz] Mopti region: Koro circle, Dougoutene and Koro townships, about 12 villages, including Sougou, Zon, Ponghon, Gako, and Soyema. Users: 2,500 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kalamsé, Kalemsé, Kalenga, Sàmó. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern.
Sénoufo, Mamara
[myk] Ségou region: Bla circle, scattered; Sikasso region: Koutiala and Yorosso circles. Users: 738,000 (2000). Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Bamaraga, Mamara, Mianka, Minianka, Miniyanka, Minya, Minyanka, Tupiire. Autonym: Mamaara. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Suppire-Mamara.
Sénoufo, Shempire
[seb] Sikasso region: Kadiolo circle, Bagoe river west bank to Cote d’Ivoire border, and Bafini river south bank. Users: 14,800 in Mali (2009 T. Requadt). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gbajere. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Suppire-Mamara.
Sénoufo, Sìcìté
[sep] Sikasso region: Sikasso circle, 4 villages on Burkina Faso border. Users: 3,000 in Mali (2007 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Sucite, Sìcijuungé, Sìcìré, Sìcìté, Sìpììté, Tagba. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Suppire-Mamara.
Sénoufo, Supyire
[spp] Sikasso region: Sikasso circle, north from Sikasso city. Users: 350,000 (2007 SIL). 100,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 500,000 (2007 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sup’ide, Suppire. Autonym: Supyire. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Suppire-Mamara.
Sénoufo, Syenara
[shz] Sikasso region: Kadiolo circle. Users: 155,000 (2010 SIL), decreasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Senare, Senari, Shenara, Syenara. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Senari.
Siamou
[sif] Bamako capital district. Users: 34,700 in Mali (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Seme.
Songhay, Humburi Senni
[hmb] Mopti region: Douentza circle, between Gao and Mopti cities; Tombouctou region: Gourma-Rharous circle. Users: 15,000 in Mali (1999 J. Heath). Total users in all countries: 25,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Central Songai, Hombori Songhay, Songai, Songay Senni, Songhai, Songhay, Songhoy, Songoi, Songoy, Sonrai, Sonrhai. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern.
Songhay, Koyra Chiini
[khq] Mopti region: Douentza and Youvarou circles; northeast Ségou region: Niono circle, northeast to Niger river; Tombouctou region: Niger river, both banks. Users: 200,000 (1999 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Songai, Songhai, Songhay, Songhoy, Songoi, Songoy, Sonrai, Sonrhai, Timbuktu Songhoy, West Songhoy. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern.
Songhay, Koyraboro Senni
[ses] Gao region: Gao town area along Niger river; Tombouctou region: Niafunké to Niger border. Users: 430,000 (2007 SIL), increasing. 300,000 monolinguals (2007 SIL). Ethnic population: 850,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: East Songhay, Gao Songhay, Koyra Senni, Koyra Senni Songhay, Songai, Songay Senni, Songhai, Songhay, Songoi, Songoy, Sonrai, Sonrhai. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern.
Soninke
[snk] Kayes region: Kayes, Nioro, and Yélimané circles; Koulikoro region: Banamba, Kolokani, Koulikoro, and Nara circles; Ségou region: Baraouéli and Ségou circles. 6 principal towns, 163 villages. Users: 1,280,000 in Mali (2009 census), increasing. Total users in all countries: 2,189,250. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Aswanek, Aswanik, Azer, Ceddo, Cheddo, Gangara, Genger, Kwara, Maraka, Marka, Markaajo, Markakan, Sarakole, Sarakolle, Sarakule, Sarakulle, Sarangkole, Sarangkolle, Saraxuli, Sebbe, Serahule, Serecole, Sooninke, Wakkore, Wankara. Autonym: Sooninkanxanne. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Soninke.
Tadaksahak
[dsq] Gao region: Menaka circle, west into Ansongo circle. Menaka is principal town. Users: 158,000 in Mali (2018), increasing. 70,000 youth are monolingual. Total users in all countries: 159,800. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Daosahaq, Daoussahaq, Daoussak, Dausahaq, Dawsahaq. Autonym: Idaksahak. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Northern.
Tamajaq
[ttq] Gao region: Menaka circle. Users: 420,000 in Mali (2018). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tahoua, Tajag, Tamajeq, Tamashekin, Tamasheq, Tomacheck, “Tourage” (pej.), “Tuareg” (pej.). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Tamasheq, Southern.
Tamashek
Tamasheq
[taq] Widespread northeast: Gao, Kidal, and Tombouctou regions; Mopti region: Youvarou circle. Users: 378,000 in Mali (2014 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 500,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1982, Decree No. 159 of 19 July, Article 1). Alternate Names: Tamachen, Tamashek, Tamashekin, Tomacheck, tamachèque, tamasagt, “Tuareg” (pej.). Autonym: Tǝmajǝq. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Tamasheq, Southern.
Tebul Sign Language
[tsy] Mopti region: Koro Cercle, Diankabou township, Uluban village area. Users: 500 (2007 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Sign language, Shared sign language.
Tondi Songway Kiini
[tst] Mopti region: Douentza circle, Kikara village northeast. Users: 3,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Songway Kiini, TSK. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern.
Xaasongaxango
[kao] Kayes region: Bafoulabé, Kayes, and Kéniéba circles. Users: 700,000 in Mali (2012 V. Vydrin). Total users in all countries: 714,230. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1996, Law 96-049 of 14 December). Alternate Names: Kasonke, Kasso, Kasson, Kassonke, Khasonke, Khassonka, Khassonké, Malinke, Maninka, Xaasonga, Xasonga, Xasonke. Autonym: Xasongo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-West.
Zarmaci
[dje] Gao region: Ansongo circle, 2 villages south of Menaka at Niger border. Users: 1,700 in Mali (2012 G. Davis). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Adzerma, Djerma, Dyabarma, Dyarma, Dyerma, Zabarma, Zarbarma, Zarma, Zarmaciine, Zerma. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern.