Mongolia
PrintPrimary tabs
Buriat, Mongolia
[bxm] Bulgan, Dornod, Hentiy, Hovsgol, Selenge, and Tov provinces: especially Russian Republic of Buryatia border area. Users: 42,500 (2016), decreasing. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Buriat-Mongolian, Burraad, Buryat, Mongolian Buriat, Northern Mongolian. Classification: Mongolic, Eastern, Oirat-Khalkha, Khalkha-Buriat, Buriat.
Chinese, Mandarin
[cmn] Uvs province: Tarialan and Ulaangom districts. Users: 43,700 in Mongolia (2016). 11,300 ethnic Khoton speak a form of Mandarin Chinese [cmn]. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Hoton, Hui, Hui-Zu, Hytad, Khoton, Mandarin, Northern Chinese, Qotong, Xui. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Daur
[dta] Scattered, especially in Hentiy province. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Daguor, Dagur, Dawar, Dawo’er, Tahuerh, Tahur. Classification: Mongolic, Eastern, Dagur.
Evenki
[evn] Selenge province. Users: No known L1 speakers in Mongolia. Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Ewenke, Ewenki, Khamnigan, Khamnigan Ewenki, Khamnigan Mongol, Solon, Tungus, Tungus Ewenki. Classification: Tungusic, Northern, Evenki.
Kazakh
[kaz] Bayan-Olgiy and Hovd provinces: mining communities east of the capital; far east Choibalsan area. Users: 120,000 in Mongolia (2016), based on ethnicity. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Kaisak, Kazakhi, Kazax, Kosach, Qazaq, Qazaqi. Classification: Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian.
Mongolian
Mongolian Sign Language
[msr] Scattered. Users: 16,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 9,000–20,000 deaf signers, based on 0.3%–0.6% of total population. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: MSL. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Mongolian, Halh
[khk] Widespread. Users: 2,640,000 in Mongolia (2016). Includes 28,100 Dariganga, 23,700 Darkhat, 22,500 Khotogoit, and 3,430 Sartul. Based on ethnicity. Total users in all countries: 2,711,160. Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1992, Constitution, Article 8(1)). Alternate Names: Central Mongolian, Halh, Halha, Kalkh, Khalkha, Khalkha Mongolian, Mongol, Mongolian. Autonym: Монгол хэл (Mongol khel). Classification: Mongolic, Eastern, Oirat-Khalkha, Khalkha-Buriat, Mongolian Proper.
Mongolian, Peripheral
[mvf] Bayanhongor, Dornod, Dornogovi, Govi-Altay, Omnogovi, and Suhbaatar provinces: except Choybalsan area in Dornod; south and southeast China border area. Users: Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Southern-Eastern Mongolian. Classification: Mongolic, Eastern, Oirat-Khalkha, Khalkha-Buriat, Mongolian Proper.
Oirat
[xal] Arhangay, and Bayan-Olgiy, Dzavhan, Hovd, Hovsgol, Govi-Altay, and Uvs provinces. Users: 221,000 in Mongolia (2016). 53,400 Bayit, 74,600 Durbet, 12,200 Khoton, 6,300 Myangad, 13,400 Olot, 15,000 Torguud, 26,100 Uriankhai, and 31,600 Zakhchin (2016, based on 2015 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kalmyk-Oirat, Western Mongol. Classification: Mongolic, Eastern, Oirat-Khalkha, Oirat-Kalmyk-Darkhat.
Russian
[rus] Scattered. Users: 1,200,300 in Mongolia, all users. L1 users: 5,300 in Mongolia (2016). L2 users: 1,195,000 (Arefyev 2012). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Okhu-in. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East.
Tuvan
[tyv] Dzavhan province: Dorvoljin district; Hovd province: capital city area; Hovsgol province: north and west enclaves, northwest Tsagaannuur and Ulaan-Uul districts, and 2 areas of east of Hovsgol Nuur; Uvs province: far north Tsagaannuur and Ulaan-Uul districts. Users: 40,600 in Mongolia (2016). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Diba, Kök Mungak, Soyod, Soyon, Soyot, Tannu-Tuva, Tuba, Tuva, Tuva-Uriankhai, Tuvia, Tuvin, Tuvinian, Tuwa-Uriankhai, Tyvan, Uriankhai, Uryankhai-Monchak. Classification: Turkic, Northern.
Uyghur
[uig] Govi-Altay province: Altai and Thogta sums. Users: No known L1 speakers in Mongolia. Ethnic population: 12,000 (2015). Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Uighuir, Uighur, Uiguir, Uigur, Uygur. Classification: Turkic, Eastern.