Nepal

Nepali

[npi] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1990, Interim Constitution, 2063, Article 5(2)). 20,780,000 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 12,100,000 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. 143,000 Achhami, 67,600 Bajhangi, 10,700 Bajureli, 490 Dadeldhuri, 3,100 Dailekhi, 5,930 Darchuleli, and 11,800,000 Nepali (2011 census). L2 users: 8,680,000 (2011 census). Total users in all countries: 25,377,000 (as L1: 16,697,000; as L2: 8,680,000).

3 (Wider communication)

Hindi

[hin] 3 (Wider communication). 1,307,600 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 77,600 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. L2 users: 1,230,000 (2011 census).

Tibetan

[bod] 3 (Wider communication). Spoken as a trade language among Bodish groups in Nepal. 5,140 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 4,450 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. L2 users: 690 (2011 census).

4 (Educational)

Avadhi

[awa] 4 (Educational). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Kushwadiya. 547,400 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 502,000 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. L2 users: 45,400 (2011 census).

Bhojpuri

[bho] 4 (Educational). 1,740,000 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 1,580,000 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. L2 users: 160,000 (2011 census).

English

[eng] 4 (Educational). 8,402,030 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 2,030 in Nepal (2011 census). L2 users: 8,400,000 (2020).

Newar

[new] 4 (Educational). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Newar. 879,600 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 847,000 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 32,600 (2011 census). Many women are monolingual. Ethnic population: 1,250,000. Total users in all countries: 893,600 (as L1: 861,000; as L2: 32,600).

Tamang, Eastern

[taj] 4 (Educational). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Tamang. 1,213,500 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 1,180,000 in Nepal (2001 census), increasing. Southwestern Tamang: 109,000 (1991 census). Population for all Tamang varieties: 1,350,000 (2011 census). L2 users: 33,500 (2011 census). In some remote communities, particularly women, children and elderly people are monolingual. Total users in all countries: 1,233,700 (as L1: 1,200,200; as L2: 33,500).

5 (Dispersed)

Bengali

[ben] 5 (Dispersed). 23,980 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 21,100 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. L2 users: 2,880 (2011 census).

Maithili

[mai] 5 (Dispersed). 4,085,000 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 3,890,000 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. 793,000 Bajjika, 3,090,000 Maithili (2011 census). L2 users: 195,000 (2011 census).

Santhali

[sat] 5 (Dispersed). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Satar (Santhal). 50,880 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 49,900 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. L2 users: 980 (2011 census). Very few monolinguals.

Urdu

[urd] 5* (Dispersed). 737,800 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 692,000 in Nepal (2011 census). L2 users: 45,800 (2011 census).

5 (Developing)

Bahing

[bhj] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 15,250, all users. L1 users: 11,700 (2011 census). L2 users: 3,550 (2011 census).

Dolpo

[dre] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Dolpo. 8,000 (2010 K. Kopp). Ethnic population: 8,000 (2010 K. Kopp).

Dotyali

[dty] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Nepali. 788,000 in Nepal (2011 census).

Kham, Western Parbate

[kjl] 5 (Developing). 69,000, all users. L1 users: 44,000 (2003 SIL), increasing. 27,100 all Kham languages in Nepal (2011 census). L2 users: 25,000 (2011). Ethnic population: 90,000 (2011 SIL).

Lhomi

[lhm] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Lhomi (Shingsawa). 7,000 in Nepal (2014 SIL), increasing. Ethnic population: 15,000. Total users in all countries: 9,320.

Marwari

[rwr] 5 (Developing). 26,410 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 25,400 in Nepal (2011 census). L2 users: 1,010 (2011 census).

Mundari

[unr] 5 (Developing). 7,780 in Nepal (2006 IMB).

Nepalese Sign Language

[nsp] 5 (Developing). 20,000 (2014 NDFN). Approximately 20,000 deaf signers, less than 0.1% of total population; estimated 300,000 total deaf (2014 NDFN).

Rajbanshi

[rjs] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rajbanshi (Koch). 168,300, all users. L1 users: 147,000 (2011 census), increasing. 2,080 Koche, 122,000 Rajbanshi, 18,800 Tajpuriya, 3,610 Gangai. L2 users: 21,300 (2011 census).

Tamang, Western

[tdg] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Tamang. 356,500, all users. L1 users: 323,000 (2000), increasing. Population for all Tamang varieties: 1,350,000 (2011 census). L2 users: 33,500 (2011 census). Mostly monolingual below school age or over 60 years of age.

Tharu, Central

[the] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Tharu. 285,000 in Nepal (2001 census), increasing. Population for all Tharu varieties: 1,530,000 (2011 census).

Tharu, Dangaura

[thl] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Tharu. 500,000 in Nepal (2003), increasing. Population for all Tharu varieties: 1,530,000 (2011 census). 28,500 monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 674,000.

Tharu, Mid-Eastern

[thq] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Tharu, Dhanuk. 258,000 in Nepal (2003), increasing. Population for all Tharu varieties: 1,530,000 (2011 census). Mostly illiterate older women are monolingual.

Tharu, Rana

[thr] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rana Tharu. 336,000 in Nepal (2006), increasing. Population for all Tharu varieties: 1,530,000 (2011 census). Total users in all countries: 486,000.

Thulung

[tdh] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 22,300 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 20,700 in Nepal (2011 census). Thulung communities also in Bhojpur and Sankhuwasabha districts, scattered in Udayapur, Morang, Panchthar, and Ilam districts. Migrants may not speak Thulung as L1. L2 users: 1,600 (2011 census). A few elderly monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 22,300 (as L1: 20,700; as L2: 1,600).

Wambule

[wme] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 14,370, all users. L1 users: 13,500 (2011 census). L2 users: 870 (2011 census). A few elderly monolinguals.

6a (Vigorous)

Ghale, Southern

[ghe] 6a (Vigorous). 18,000 (2016 SIL).

Humla

[hut] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (2014 SIL). 36% of the Limi dialect are monolingual. Ethnic population: 5,000 (2014 SIL).

Jhankot Sign Language

[jhs] 6a* (Vigorous).

Jumli

[jml] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Nepali. 40,000 (2001 SIL).

Kaike

[kzq] 6a (Vigorous). 2,000 (2011 A. Regmi), decreasing. No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 2,000 (2011 A. Regmi).

Kham, Gamal

[kgj] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000, all users. L1 users: 7,000 (2011 SIL), increasing. L2 users: 3,000 (2011 Name change). Ethnic population: 90,000 (2011 SIL).

Kisan

[sck] 6a* (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Kisan. 1,225 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 1,180 in Nepal (2011 census). L2 users: 45 (2011 census).

Koyee

[kkt] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 1,470, all users. L1 users: 1,270 (2011 census). L2 users: 200 (2011 census).

Kuke

[ght] 6a (Vigorous). 900 (2011 census).

Kurux

[kru] 6a (Vigorous). 34,390 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 33,700 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 690 (2011 census). No monolinguals (2002 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 37,400 (2011 census).

Kyirong

[kgy] 6a (Vigorous). 500 in Nepal (2013 M. Hedlin).

Lhowa

[loy] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Bahragaunle, Lhopa. 7,500 (2011). 5,000 Upper Mustang and 2,500 Baragaunle.

Magahi

[mag] 6a* (Vigorous). 46,400 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 35,600 in Nepal (2011 census). L2 users: 10,800 (2011 census).

Mugom

[muk] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Mugali. 6,500 in Nepal (2006 SIL). 1,630 monolinguals (2002 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 6,500. Total users in all countries: 7,000.

Naaba

[nao] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Sherpa. 770 in Nepal (2006 IMB).

Nar Phu

[npa] 6a (Vigorous). 800 (2021 J. Grimes). 200 in Phu village, 400 in Nar village, 200 in diaspora.

Nubri

[kte] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Larke. 2,000 (2001 census). 500 monolinguals.

Seke

[skj] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Tangbe. 700 (2002 SIL).

Tamang, Eastern Gorkha

[tge] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Tamang. 3,980 (2000). Population for all Tamang varieties: 1,350,000 (2011 census).

Tamang, Northwestern

[tmk] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Tamang. 67,200 (2011 census), increasing. Population for all Tamang varieties: 1,350,000 (2011 census).

Tharu, Kathariya

[tkt] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Tharu. 106,000 in Nepal (2006). Population for all Tharu varieties: 1,530,000 (2011 census).

Tichurong

[tcn] 6a (Vigorous). 2,420 (2000).

Tsum

[ttz] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Siyar. 4,790 (2000).

6b (Threatened)

Angika

[anp] 6b (Threatened). 20,330 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 18,600 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 1,730 (2011 census).

Athpariya

[aph] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 5,530 (2011 census), decreasing.

Bantawa

[bap] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. Some varieties are used as traditional lingua franca among Rai minorities in eastern Nepal, Sikkim, India, and Bhutan, and as L1 among Rai of other origin. (Bradley 1996). 161,500 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 133,000 in Nepal (2011 census). L2 users: 28,500 (2011 census). 6,000 monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 195,100 (as L1: 166,600; as L2: 28,500).

Belhariya

[byw] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 612, all users. L1 users: 600 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 12 (2011 census).

Bote

[bmj] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Bote. 9,150, all users. L1 users: 8,770 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 380 (2011 census). No monolinguals (2002 UNESCO).

Byangsi

[bee] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Byasi. 550 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 480 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 70 (2011 census). No monolinguals (2002 UNESCO).

Chamling

[rab] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 83,200 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 76,800 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 6,400 (2011 census). Very few monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 83,200 (as L1: 76,800; as L2: 6,400).

Chantyal

[chx] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Chhantyal. 4,020, all users. L1 users: 3,730 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 290 (2011 census). No monolinguals (Noonan 1996). Ethnic population: 9,000 (2011 census).

Chepang

[cdm] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Chepang. 49,640, all users. L1 users: 48,500 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 1,140 (2011 census). No monolinguals.

Chhiling

[cur] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 2,250, all users. L1 users: 2,050 (2011 census), decreasing. L1 speakers dwindling (Van Driem 2007). L2 users: 200 (2011 census).

Chhintang

[ctn] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 4,720, all users. L1 users: 3,710 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 1,010 (2011 census). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 5,000.

Danuwar

[dhw] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Danuwar. 48,650, all users. L1 users: 45,800 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 2,850 (2011 census). No monolinguals (Toba et al 2005).

Darai

[dry] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Darai. 12,050, all users. L1 users: 11,700 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 350 (2011 census). Very few monolinguals.

Dewas Rai

[dwz] 6b (Threatened). 10,300, all users. L1 users: 10,000 (2017 SIL). L2 users: 300 (2018 SIL). No monolinguals (2018 SIL). Ethnic population: 30,000 (2018 SIL).

Dhimal

[dhi] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Dhimal. 20,430 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 19,300 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 1,130 (2011 census). Total users in all countries: 20,880 (as L1: 19,750; as L2: 1,130).

Dumi

[dus] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 3,520, all users. L1 users: 2,500 (Rai 2017), decreasing. L2 users: 1,020 (2011 census). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 7,640 (2011 census).

Dungmali

[raa] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 6,470, all users. L1 users: 6,260 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 210 (2011 census). 150 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 10,000.

Ghale, Northern

[ghh] 6b (Threatened). 4,440 (2011 census). 400 monolinguals.

Gurung

[gvr] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Gurung. 348,800 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 326,000 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. L2 users: 22,800 (2011 census). 12,000 monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 381,800 (as L1: 359,000; as L2: 22,800).

Hyolmo

[scp] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Hyolmo. 10,680, all users. L1 users: 10,200 (2011 census). L2 users: 480 (2011 census). Very few monolinguals.

Jerung

[jee] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 5,380, all users. L1 users: 1,760 (2011 census). L2 users: 3,620 (2011 census).

Jirel

[jul] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Jirel. 4,970, all users. L1 users: 4,830 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 140 (2011 census). Ethnic population: 5,770 (2011 census).

Jumla Sign Language

[jus] 6b* (Threatened). 8 (2005 INF). 8 monolinguals.

Kewat

[kyv] 6b* (Threatened). 22,000 (2002).

Khaling

[klr] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 15,670 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 14,500 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 1,170 (2011 census). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 20,000. Total users in all countries: 15,670 (as L1: 14,500; as L2: 1,170).

Kham, Eastern Parbate

[kif] 6b (Threatened). 5,000 (2011 SIL), decreasing. No adult monolinguals. Ethnic population: 90,000 (2011 SIL).

Kham, Sheshi

[kip] 6b (Threatened). 15,000 (2011 SIL), decreasing. Ethnic population: 90,000 (2011 SIL).

Kharia

[khr] 6b* (Threatened). 256 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 240 in Nepal (2011 census). L2 users: 16 (2011 census).

Kulung

[kle] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 34,590 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 33,200 in Nepal (2011 census). L2 users: 1,390 (2011 census). Total users in all countries: 34,590 (as L1: 33,200; as L2: 1,390).

Kumal

[kra] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Kumal. 13,610, all users. L1 users: 12,200 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 1,410 (2011 census). No monolinguals.

Limbu

[lif] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Limbu. 366,200 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 344,000 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. L2 users: 22,200 (2011 census). Relatively few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 387,000 (2011 census). Total users in all countries: 407,000 (as L1: 384,800; as L2: 22,200).

Lohorung

[lbr] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 3,980, all users. L1 users: 3,720 (2011 census). L2 users: 260 (2011 census).

Magar, Eastern

[mgp] 6b* (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Magar. 462,000 in Nepal (2001 census), decreasing. 789,000 all Magar in Nepal (2011 census). The identification of Magars is complicated by the fact that a number of other ethnic groups (Chantyal, Kham, Kaike, Kusunda, Raute, Raji) have claimed to be Magars to outsiders. Isolated enclaves of monolinguals are found in Nawalparasi and southern Tanahu districts. Total users in all countries: 533,700.

Magar, Western

[mrd] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Magar. 308,000 (2001 census), decreasing. 789,000 all Magar in Nepal (2011 census). Census statistics likely include non-ethnic Magars and many that do not speak Magar.

Majhi

[mjz] 6b* (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Majhi. 25,720 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 24,400 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 1,320 (2011 census). Total users in all countries: 25,720 (as L1: 24,400; as L2: 1,320).

Meche

[brx] 6b* (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Meche (Bodo). 4,380 in Nepal (2011 census). No monolinguals.

Mewahang, Eastern

[emg] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 4,650 all Mewahang (2011 census). Almost no monolinguals.

Mewahang, Western

[raf] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 230, all users. L1 users: 4,650 all Mewahang (2011 census). L2 users: 230 (2011 census). Few monolinguals.

Musasa

[smm] 6b* (Threatened).

Nachiring

[ncd] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 10,730, all users. L1 users: 10,000 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 730 (2011 census).

Nyeshangte

[nmm] 6b (Threatened). 12,000 (2021), decreasing. Ethnic population: 15,000 (2021).

Puma

[pum] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 7,010, all users. L1 users: 6,690 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 320 (2011 census).

Raji

[rji] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rajhi. 3,814, all users. L1 users: 3,760 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 54 (2011 census).

Raute

[rau] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Raute. 501, all users. L1 users: 460 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 41 (2011 census). All nomadic Raute are monolingual.

Sampang

[rav] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 20,300, all users. L1 users: 18,300 (2011 census), decreasing. Phali dialect spoken by a few elderly speakers. L2 users: 2,000 (2011 census). No monolinguals.

Sherpa

[xsr] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Sherpa. 153,180 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 145,000 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 8,180 (2011 census). A few elderly monolinguals in remote villages (UNESCO). Total users in all countries: 170,180 (as L1: 162,000; as L2: 8,180).

Sonha

[soi] 6b (Threatened). 20,000 (2020 UBS), decreasing. No monolinguals.

Sunwar

[suz] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Surel, Sunuwar. 39,760, all users. L1 users: 38,200 (2011 census). 37,900 Sunwar, 290 Surel (2011 census). L2 users: 1,560 (2011 census). Very few monolinguals.

Syuba

[syw] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Sherpa. 1,500 (2012 SIL). Very few monolinguals.

Thakali

[ths] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Thakali, Chhairotan, Marphali Thakali, Tieengaule Thakali. Apparently 3 other nationalities share Thakali as their language. 6,000, all users. L1 users: 5,240 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 760 (2011 census).

Thangmi

[thf] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Thami. 23,580 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 23,200 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 380 (2011 census). 100 monolinguals (2002 UNESCO). Ethnic population: 35,000 (Turin 2007). 28,700 (2011 census). Total users in all countries: 24,380 (as L1: 24,000; as L2: 380).

Walungge

[ola] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Walung, Thudam, Topkegola. 3,500 in Nepal (2019 SIL), decreasing. Mostly in original area. High language loss among those who have left the language area. Ethnic population: 4,000 (2019 SIL). Total users in all countries: 4,500.

Wayu

[vay] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Hayu. 1,565, all users. L1 users: 1,520 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 45 (2011 census). No monolinguals.

Yakkha

[ybh] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Yakkha. 21,090 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 19,600 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 1,490 (2011 census). Very few monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 21,900 (as L1: 20,410; as L2: 1,490).

Yakkha, Chhathare

[luu] 6b (Threatened). 1,200 (2000).

Yamphu

[ybi] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 9,540, all users. L1 users: 9,210 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 330 (2011 census).

Yamphu, Southern

[lrr] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 2,500 (2011 SIL), decreasing.

7 (Shifting)

Gyalsumdo

[gyo] 7 (Shifting). 200 (Hildebrandt and Perry 2011).

Pahari

[phj] 7 (Shifting). 3,500 (2011 census). Ethnic population: 13,600 (2011 census).

Phangduwali

[phw] 7 (Shifting). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 290 (2011 census).

Tilung

[tij] 7 (Shifting). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 20 (2015 SIL), decreasing.

8a (Moribund)

Baram

[brd] 8a (Moribund). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Baramou. 215, all users. L1 users: 160 (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 55 (2011 census).

Bhujel

[byh] 8a (Moribund). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Bhujel. 5,190, all users. L1 users: 3,600 (Regmi 2007), decreasing. L2 users: 1,590 (2011 census). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 7,200 (Regmi 2007).

Lapcha

[lep] 8a (Moribund). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Lepcha. 7,730 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 7,500 in Nepal (2011 census), decreasing. L2 users: 230 (2011 census). No monolinguals.

Mugali

[lmh] 8a (Moribund). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 1,500 (2010 I. Rai), decreasing. Very few monolinguals.

Saam

[raq] 8a (Moribund). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 530 (2011 census). 130 Lingkhim, 400 Saam (2011 census).

8b (Nearly extinct)

Chukwa

[cuw] 8b (Nearly extinct). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Rai. 100 (2011 SIL), decreasing. Only 5 fluent speakers (2011).

Ghandruk Sign Language

[gds] 8b (Nearly extinct). 20 (2011 SIL).

Kusunda

[kgg] 8b (Nearly extinct). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Kusunda. 87 (2014 UNESCO).

9 (Dormant)

Dura

[drq] 9 (Dormant). Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Dura. No known L1 speakers (Schorer 2016). Last speaker survived into the 2000s.

9 (Second language only)

Sanskrit

[san] 9 (Second language only). 3,000 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: No known L1 speakers in Nepal. L2 users: 3,000 (2011 census). Ethnic population: No ethnic community.

Nepal

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