Panama
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Arabic, North Levantine Spoken
[apc] Users: 16,400 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Arabic, South Levantine Spoken
[ajp] Users: 8,600 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Buglere
[sab] Veraguas province: from highlands to Caribbean coast; Ngobe Bugle province: Kusapin, Muna, and Nurum districts. Users: 18,000 (2012 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bobota, Bofota, Bugle, Muoy, Murire, Nortenyo. Autonym: Buglere. Classification: Chibchan, Chibchan A, Guaymiíc.
Chinese, Hakka
[hak] Panamá province: Salsipuedes, a suburb of Panama City. Users: 29,000 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Chinese, Yue
[yue] Panamá City, Colón, larger towns of interior. Users: 34,000 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Emberá, Northern
[emp] Darién province: Chepigana district; Emberá province; Panamá province: Chepos and Chiman districts; lowland jungle along rivers, Gulf San Miguel area. Users: 22,500 in Panama (2012 SIL). Total users in all countries: 72,200. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Atrato, Chocó, Cholo, Darien, Darien Emberá, Ebera Bedea, Empera, Panama Embera. Autonym: Embera. Classification: Chocoan, Emberá, Northern Emberá.
Emberá-Catío
[cto] Darién province. Users: 40 in Panama (1982 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Catío, Embena, Epera, Katio. Classification: Chocoan, Emberá, Northern Emberá.
English
[eng] Major cities. Users: 345,000 in Panama (2018), all users. L1 users: 169,000 (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
Epena
[sja] Panamá province: southeast low hills inland. Users: Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Cholo, Embera, Emberá-Saija, Epena Saija, Epéna Pedée, Saija, Southern Empera, Southern Epena. Classification: Chocoan, Emberá, Southern Emberá.
French
[fra] Users: 43,000 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
Greek
[ell] Users: 3,400 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic.
Hindi
[hin] Users: 15,000 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani.
Italian
[ita] Users: 21,000 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian.
Japanese
[jpn] Users: 2,100 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Japonic.
Kuna, Border
[kvn] Darién province: Paya and Pucuro villages. Users: 900 in Panama (2012 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Caiman Nuevo, Colombia Cuna, Cuna, Guna, Kuna de la Frontera, Long Hair Cuna, Paya-Pucuro Kuna, Tule. Classification: Chibchan, Chibchan B, Eastern Chibchan, Cuna.
Kuna, San Blas
[cuk] Colón province: Guna Yala comarca, Metro Colón; Darién province; Emberá and Kuna Yala provinces; Panamá province: Metro Panama City. Users: 57,100 (2000). 10,000 in Panama City, Colón, and on banana plantations (1991 SIL). Ethnic population: 80,500 (2011 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2010, Law 88, 22 November 2010). Alternate Names: Cuna, Guna, San Blas Cuna, Tule Kaya. Autonym: Duleigaiya. Classification: Chibchan, Chibchan B, Eastern Chibchan, Cuna.
Ngäbere
[gym] Bocas del Toro province: Bocas del Toro and Changuinola districts; Chiriquí province: western districts, Tole district in east; Ngobe Bugle province; western Veraguas province. Users: 169,000 in Panama (2000 census). Total users in all countries: 171,840. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Chiriqui, Guaymí, Ngobere, Ngäbe, Valiente. Autonym: Ngäbere. Classification: Chibchan, Chibchan A, Guaymiíc.
Panamanian Sign Language
[lsp] Scattered. Users: 9,000 (2008 WFD). About 0.2% of total population. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lengua de señas panameñas. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
San Miguel French Creole
[scf] Veraguas province. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers most likely survived into the late 2000s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Creole, French based.
Southwestern Caribbean English Creole
[jam] Bocas del Toro province: Colón island; Colón province: Colón district; Panamá province: Rio Abajo in Panama City. Users: 268,000 in Panama (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bocas del Toro Patois, Jamiekan, Panamanian Creole English, Panamanian Patois English, Patois, “Guari Guari” (pej.). Classification: Creole, English based, Atlantic, Western.
Spanish
[spa] Widespread. Users: 4,222,000 in Panama, all users. L1 users: 3,880,000 in Panama (Instituto Cervantes 2019). L2 users: 342,000 (Instituto Cervantes 2019). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1972, Constitution, Article 7). Alternate Names: Castellano, Español. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
Teribe
[tfr] Bocas del Toro province: Changuinola city, along the Teribe river; Chiriquí. Users: 3,300 in Panama (Adelaar 2007). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Nortenyo, Quequexque, Terraba, Tiribi, Tirribi. Autonym: Naso. Classification: Chibchan, Chibchan A.
Woun Meu
[noa] Darién, Emberá, and Panamá provinces: southeast lowlands along Panama Bay. Users: 6,800 in Panama (Adelaar 2007). Many monolinguals (Adelaar 2007). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Chanco, Chocama, Noanama, Noenama, Nonama, Waumeo, Waun Meo, Waunana, Woun Meo, Wounaan, Wounaan Meu, Wounmeu. Classification: Chocoan.
Yiddish, Eastern
[ydd] Major cities. Users: Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Yiddish.