Panama

Spanish

[spa] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1972, Constitution, Article 7). 4,222,000 in Panama, all users. L1 users: 3,880,000 in Panama (Instituto Cervantes 2019). L2 users: 342,000 (Instituto Cervantes 2019).

5 (Developing)

Buglere

[sab] 5* (Developing). 18,000 (2012 SIL).

Emberá, Northern

[emp] 5* (Developing). 22,500 in Panama (2012 SIL). Total users in all countries: 72,200.

Ngäbere

[gym] 5* (Developing). 169,000 in Panama (2000 census). Total users in all countries: 171,840.

Teribe

[tfr] 5* (Developing). 3,300 in Panama (Adelaar 2007).

Woun Meu

[noa] 5* (Developing). 6,800 in Panama (Adelaar 2007). Many monolinguals (Adelaar 2007).

Kuna, San Blas

[cuk] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2010, Law 88, 22 November 2010). 57,100 (2000). 10,000 in Panama City, Colón, and on banana plantations (1991 SIL). Ethnic population: 80,500 (2011 census).

5 (Dispersed)

English

[eng] 5* (Dispersed). 345,000 in Panama (2018), all users. L1 users: 169,000 (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Epena

[sja] 5* (Dispersed).

Yiddish, Eastern

[ydd] 5* (Dispersed).

6a (Vigorous)

Chinese, Hakka

[hak] 6a* (Vigorous). 29,000 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Panamanian Sign Language

[lsp] 6a* (Vigorous). 9,000 (2008 WFD). About 0.2% of total population.

Southwestern Caribbean English Creole

[jam] 6a* (Vigorous). 268,000 in Panama (2000).

6b (Threatened)

Emberá-Catío

[cto] 6b* (Threatened). 40 in Panama (1982 SIL).

Kuna, Border

[kvn] 6b* (Threatened). 900 in Panama (2012 SIL).

10 (Extinct)

San Miguel French Creole

[scf] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers most likely survived into the late 2000s.

Unestablished

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken

[apc] Unestablished. 16,400 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Arabic, South Levantine Spoken

[ajp] Unestablished. 8,600 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Chinese, Yue

[yue] Unestablished. 34,000 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

French

[fra] Unestablished. 43,000 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Greek

[ell] Unestablished. 3,400 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Hindi

[hin] Unestablished. 15,000 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Italian

[ita] Unestablished. 21,000 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Japanese

[jpn] Unestablished. 2,100 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Panama

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