Burkina Faso
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American Sign Language
[ase] Scattered. Users: 102,000 in Burkina Faso (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 60,000–120,000, based on 0.3%–0.6% of the total population. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: ASL, Burkina Faso Sign Language, LSAF, Langue des signes de l’Afrique francophone. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Biali
[beh] Est region: Kompienga province at Benin border, south of Arli, 3 villages. Users: 1,500 in Burkina Faso (1991). 450 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Berba, Bieri, Bjerb, Bjeri, Burba, Byali. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Eastern.
Birifor, Malba
[bfo] Sud-Ouest region: Bougouriba, Ioba, Noumbie and Poni provinces; west of Black Volta river. Users: 108,000 in Burkina Faso (1993). Many monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Birafour, Birifo, Birifor, Malba, Malba-Birifor, Ngmalba, Nmalba, Northern Birifor. Autonym: Bɩrfʋɔr. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Birifor.
Bisa
[bib] Centre-Est region: Boulgou, Koulpelogo, and Kouritenga provinces; Centre-Sud region: Bazega province; Zoundweogo province, Garango, Gomboussougou, Tenkodogo, and Zabré cities; Plateau-Central region: Ganzourgou province, Boudry department. Users: 399,000 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 775,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bissa, Bissa-Barka, Boussanse. Autonym: Bɩsa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Bissa.
Bobo Madaré, Southern
[bwq] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Banwa province; Est region; Hauts-Bassins region: Houet province, Bobo Dioulasso area; Kenedougou and Tuy provinces. Users: 181,000 (2009 UNSD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Black Bobo, Bobo, Bobo Fi, Bobo Fing. Autonym: Boboda. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Bobo.
Bolon
[bof] Hauts-Bassins region: Houet and Kenedougou provinces, N’Dorola and Samorogouan areas. 12 villages. Users: 17,000 in Burkina Faso (1998 SIL). Total users in all countries: 22,920. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bo, Boka, Boon, Boron. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding.
Bomu
[bmq] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Mainly Banwa province, Sami department; Hauts-Bassins region: Houet and Kenedougou provinces. Users: 56,000 in Burkina Faso (1991). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bobo Oule, Boomu, Boré, Mu Boomu, Western Bobo Wule. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Bwamu.
Buamu
[box] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Bale, Banwa, Kossi, Mouhoun, and Nayala provinces; Centre-Ouest region: Sissili province; Est region; Hauts-Bassins region: Houet and Tuy provinces; Sud-Ouest region: Bougouriba and Ioba provinces; area 80 km east–west and 200 km north–south. Users: 268,000 (2009 UNSD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bobo, Bomo, Bouamou, Bwaba, Bwamu, Eastern Bobo Oule, Eastern Bobo Wule, Red Bobo. Autonym: Buamu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Bwamu.
Bwamu, Cwi
[bwy] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Bale province, Kabourou area; Est region; Hauts-Bassin region: Tuy province, Founzan; Sud-Ouest region: Ioba province. Users: 24,000 (1999 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bwamu Twĩ, Coo, Cwi, Twi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Bwamu.
Bwamu, Láá Láá
[bwj] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Bagassi, Bale province, Boni, and Pâ villages area; Hauts-Bassins region. Users: 69,200 (2000). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Buamu Laa, Buamu-laa, Bwamu Laa, Kàdenbà, Yere. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Bwamu.
Cerma
[cme] Cascades region: Comoe province. Users: 51,900 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 53,600. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Goin, Gouin, Gwe, Gwen, Kirma. Autonym: Cerma. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Kirma-Tyurama.
Dagaari Dioula
[dgd] Centre-Ouest region: Sissili and Zuri provinces, Boromo, Dano, Diébougou, Dissin, Fara, French Hamele, Gao, Leo, Pa, Silly, Soukoulaye, To, and Wessa. Users: 21,000 (1999 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dagaari Jula, Dagari Dyoula, Jari, Wala, Yari. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Dagaari.
Dagara, Northern
[dgi] Centre-Ouest region: Sissili province; Est region; Hauts-Bassins region: Tuy province; Sud-Ouest region: mainly Ioba and Bougouriba provinces; Noumbie and Poni provinces. Users: 247,000 (2009 UNSD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Dagaara, Dagaare, Dagaari, Dagari, Dagati, Degati, Dogaari, Northern Dagaare. Autonym: Dagara. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Dagaari.
Dogon, Jamsay
[djm] Nord region: Yatenga province; Sahel region: Soum province. North border with Mali. Users: Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dyamsay Tegu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogon, Tomo Kan
[dtm] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Kossi province, Kombori department, near Mali border. Users: Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tomo-Kan. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Dogon.
Dogosé
[dos] Cascades region: Comoe province, Sidéradougou subdistrict, Koro, Kouere, Ouo, Sidéradougou, and Sirakoro; Hauts-Bassins region: Houet province; Sud-Ouest region: Poni province. Users: 20,000 (1991 O. Balagassina). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Doghose, Doghosié, Dokhobe, Dokhosié, Dorhossié, Dorhosye, Doro Doghosié, Dorobé, Dorosie, Dorossé. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Gan-Dogose.
Dogoso
[dgs] Cascades region: Comoe province, Bondokoro, Dandougou, Sakédougou, Sokoura, Tolandougou, and Torokoro. Users: 9,000 in Burkina Faso (1999 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bambadion-Dogoso, Bambadion-Dokhosié, Black Dogose, Dorhosié-Finng, Dorhosié-Noirs, Dorossié-Fing. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Dogoso-Khe.
Dyan
[dya] Boucle du Mouhoun region: small areas in Bale province; Hauts-Bassins region: Houet province; Sud-Ouest region: Bougouriba province, Dolo, near Diébougou. Users: 14,100 (Vanderaa 1991). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dan, Dian, Dya, Dyane, Dyanu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Dyan.
Dzùùngoo
[dnn] Hauts-Bassins region: Kenedougou province, Samogohiri and Samorogouan departments, Orodara town area, Diomou, Gnalé, Samogo-Iri, Samogogouan, Saraba, Sokouraba, and Todié. Cascades region: Leraba province, Sindou and Kankalaba departments (Kpeengo dialect). Users: 13,400 (1998 P. Solomiac). 4,020 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dzùùn, Eastern Duun, Samogho, Samogo, Samoro. Autonym: Dzùùngoo, Kpankagooma. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Samogo.
French
[fra] Users: 4,750,000 in Burkina Faso, all users. L1 users: 170,000 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). L2 users: 4,580,000 (Beck et al 2018). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1991, Constitution, Article 35). Alternate Names: Français. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
Fulfulde, Northeastern Burkina Faso
[fuh] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Kossi and Sourou provinces south of Mopti town, Mali border; Centre-Nord region: Bam and Namentega provinces, small border areas; Sahel region: Oudalan, Seno, Soum, and Yagha provinces. Users: 1,170,000 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). De facto language of national identity. Alternate Names: Fulfulde. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, East Central.
Gourmanchéma
[gux] Centre-Est region: Koulpelogo province; Centre-Nord region: Namentenga province; Est region: Gnagna, Gourma, Komandjari, Kompienga and Tapoa provinces; Sahel region: Seno and Yagha provinces. Users: 772,000 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 1,109,300. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Goulmacema, Gourmantche, Gulimancema, Gulmancema, Gurma, Migulimancema. Autonym: Gourma. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma.
Hausa
[hau] Scattered. Est region: Gourma and Tapoa provinces. Users: 3,000 in Burkina Faso (2021 Joshua Project). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Haoussa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.1.
Jalkunan
[bxl] Cascades region: Leraba province west of Banfora, Blédougou near Sindou town. Users: 500 (1995 SIL). Ethnic population: 800 (1995 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Blé, Dyala, Dyalanu, Jalkuna. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Jogo-Jeri, Jeri-Jalkuna.
Jowulu
[jow] Cascades region: Leraba province, Noussoun and Tena villages near Mali boundary. Users: 1,000 in Burkina Faso (1999 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jo, Samogho. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Samogo.
Jula
[dyu] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Kossi province; Cascades region: Comoe and Leraba provinces; Hauts-Bassins region: Houet province; Kenedougou province, scattered. Users: 3,616,000 in Burkina Faso, all users. L1 users: 616,000 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). L2 users: 3,000,000 (2012 V. Vydrine). Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of national identity. Used as a trade language in the western half of the country, and sub-populations in all major cities. Alternate Names: Dioula, Dioula Véhiculaire, Diula, Djula, Dyoula, Dyula, Jula Kong, Julakan, Kong Jula, Tagboussikan, Trade Jula. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Northeastern Manding, Bamana.
Kaansa
[gna] Cascades region: Comoe province; Sud-Ouest region: Poni province, Gaoua subdistrict, Loropéni department, bounded by Derbi east, Djigoué south, Loropéni west, and Yérifoula north; Bougouriba province. Users: 6,000 (1990 S. Showalter). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Gan, Gane, Gã, Kaan, Kaanse, Kan, Kãasa. Autonym: Kã́asa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Gan-Dogose.
Kalamsé
[knz] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Sourou province, Tougan subdistrict, on Mali border. Users: 9,570 in Burkina Faso (1985 census). Total users in all countries: 12,070. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kalemsé, Sàmòmá. Autonym: Sàmó. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern.
Karaboro, Eastern
[xrb] Cascades region: Comoe province, east of main Ferké to Bobo-Dioulosso road and Banfora. Users: 35,000 in Burkina Faso (1995 SIL). Total users in all countries: 40,610. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kɛ yur, Kai, Kar, Ker, Kler. Autonym: Kai Yor. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Karaboro.
Karaboro, Western
[kza] Cascades region: Comoe province, west of main Ferké to Bobo-Dioulosso road and Banfora. Users: 30,200 (Vanderaa 1991). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Syer-Tenyer. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Karaboro.
Kasem
[xsm] Centre-Ouest region, Sissili province; Centre-Sud region: Nahouri province, Guiaro, Po, and Tiébélé towns. Users: 83,600 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 232,600. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kasena, Kasim, Kassem, Kassena. Autonym: Kasem. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern.
Khe
[kqg] Cascades region: Comoe province, Boli, Lobo, Moromoro, Noumoukiedougou, Sessagbo, and Tiébata. Users: 1,300 in Burkina Faso (1983 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bambadion-Kheso, Kheso. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Dogoso-Khe.
Khisa
[kqm] Cascades region: Comoe province, Mangodara prefecture, 25 villages near Côte d’Ivoire border. Users: 3,000 in Burkina Faso (1991 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Khi, Khi Khipa, Komono, Kumwenu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Gan-Dogose.
Konabéré
[bbo] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Banwa province, Tansilla area; Kossi province. Users: 35,000 in Burkina Faso (1995 SIL). Total users in all countries: 60,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Black Bobo, Bobo, Bobo Fi, Bobo Madaré, Boboda, Northern Bobo Madaré, “Bobo Fing” (pej.). Autonym: Kʋnabɩrɩ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Bobo.
Koromfé
[kfz] Centre-Nord region: Bam and Sanmatenga provinces; Nord region: Loroum province; Yatenga province: Titao subdistrict; Sahel region: Soum province, Djibo-Aribinda subdistrict. Users: 196,000 in Burkina Faso (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Total users in all countries: 202,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Fula, Fulse, Kouroumba, Kuruma, Kurumba, Kurumfe. Autonym: Koromba. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Kurumfe.
Kpeego
[cpo] Cascades region: Leraba province, Kankalaba department, Noumousoba and Tourny villages; southwest. Users: 2,000 (2012 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Noumou, Noumoukan, Numu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern.
Kusaal
[kus] Centre-Est region: Boulgou province, villages south of Zabré. Centre-Sud region: Narhouri province. Users: 12,800 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Koussassé, Kusaas, Kusale, Kusasi, Kʋsaal. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast.
Lobi
[lob] Cascades region: Comoe province; Sud-Ouest region: Bougouriba and Noumbiel provinces; Poni province, Gaoua southwest border area. Users: 220,000 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 490,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Lobiri, Miwa. Autonym: ’Lobiire. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Lobi.
Lyélé
[lee] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Nayala province; Centre-Ouest region: Boulkiende province; north and central Sanguie province, Dassa, Didyr, Godyr, Kordie, Kyon, Réo, and Tenado subdistricts, Réo principal center; Nord region: Passore province. Users: 213,000 (2009 UNSD). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gurunsi, Lela, Lele, Lyela, Lyele, Lyæ̀læ. Autonym: Lyélé. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern.
Marka
[rkm] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Bale, Banwa, Nayala, and Sourou provinces; Kossi and Mouhoun provinces: Nouna and Dedougou areas. Users: 135,000 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 185,800. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dafing, Marka Dafing. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Marka-Dafin.
Moba
[mfq] Centre-Est region: Koulpelogo province, Ouargaye subdistrict. Users: 1,800 in Burkina Faso (Vanderaa 1991). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ben, Moa, Moab, Moare. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, Moba.
Mòoré
[mos] Widespread. Central Ouagadougou area. Users: 6,360,000 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 7,984,800. Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of national identity. The Mossi (who are Mòoré speakers) settled in Burkina Faso in the tenth century and were the most powerful and influential ethnic group. Mòoré is spoken by more than half of the population of Burkina Faso. Spread throughout the central part of the country, with sub-populations in all major cities. Alternate Names: Mole, Moose, More, Moré, Moshi, Mossi. Autonym: Mòoré. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest.
Natioro
[nti] Cascades region: Leraba province, Sindou subdistrict, Sindou town area west of Banfora; Dinaoro, Kawara, and Timba. Users: 2,400 (Vanderaa 1991). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Koo’ra, Natjoro, Natyoro. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Wara-Natioro.
Ninkare
[gur] Centre-Est region: Boulgou province; Centre-Sud region: Narhouri province, Zecco and Ziou subdistricts; Zoundweogo province. Users: 25,100 in Burkina Faso (1991). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Farefare, Frafra, Gurenne, Gurne, Gurune, Nankani, Ninkarsé, fãrfãrɛ, gʋrnɛ Ninkãrɛ, nankam, nankana, ninkãrɛ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest.
N’ko
[nqo] Scattered. Users: No known L1 speakers in Burkina Faso. Ethnic population: No ethnic community. Status: 9 (Second language only). Classification: Mixed language.
Nuni, Northern
[nuv] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Bale and Mouhoun provinces, near Boromo; Centre-Ouest region: Sanguie province. Dialect dividing line is Mouhoun river. Users: 45,000 (1995 SIL). 15,000–25,000 in Northwestern Nuni, 25,000–35,000 in Northeastern Nuni. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nibulu, Nouni, Nounouma, Nuna, Nune, Nunuma, Nuruma. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern.
Nuni, Southern
[nnw] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Bale province, east Mouhoun province; Centre-Ouest region: Sanguie, Sissili and Zuri provinces; Centre-Sud region: west Narhouri. Over 100 villages. Users: 147,000 (2009 UNSD). Census figure (2009) is for all Nuni. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Nibulu, Nouni, Nounouma, Nuna, Nune, Nuni, Nunuma, Nuruma. Autonym: Nʋnɩ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern.
Paleni
[pnl] Cascades region: Leraba province, Loumana department, Faniagara village. Users: 260 (2012 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Wara. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Wara-Natioro.
Pana
[pnq] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Sourou province, Kassoum subdistrict, Oué town area, Sourou river valley from Mali. Users: 5,000 in Burkina Faso (1998). Total users in all countries: 7,800. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Sama. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern.
Phuie
[pug] Hauts-Bassins region: Houet and Tuy provinces; Sud-Ouest region: Bougouriba and Ioba provinces north and west of Diébougou, northeast of Dano; possibly Est region. Users: 14,300 (2000). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Buguli, Buguri, Phuien, Phuó, Phwĩe, PhwĩƗ, Pougouli, Puguli, Pwa, Pwe, Pwie, Pwien, Pwo. Autonym: Phuieŋ, Phuĩé. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western.
Samo, Matya
[stj] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Kossi province; Sourou province, Mouna and Solenzo areas; Bobo-Diolaso, Dedougou, Koudougou, and Ouagadougou cities. Users: 105,000 in Burkina Faso (1995 R. Jones). All Samo (San) languages: 233,000 (2009 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 106,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Northern San Macaa, Northwestern Samo, San, San Ma Caa, San Macaa, San Matya, Sane, Sànán, Tougan, West Central Goe. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Samo.
Samo, Maya
[sym] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Sourou province; Nord region: Yatenga and Zoundma provinces. North central. Users: 38,000 (1999). All Samo (San) languages: 233,000 (2009 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Leburu, Northeastern Samo, Northern San Mayaa, Sa, San, San Maya, San Mayaa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Samo.
Samo, Southern
[sbd] Boucle du Mouhoun region: mainly Nayala province, Nouna and Solenzo areas; Sourou province; Centre-Ouest region: Sanguie province; Nord region: Passore province; Bobo-Dioulasso, Dedougou, Koudougou, and Ouagadougou cities. Gassan, Gossina, Kougny, Toma, Yaba, and Ye departments (Toma dialect). Users: 85,000 (1998). All Samo (San) languages: 233,000 (2009 UNSD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sa, Samo, San Maka, Sane. Autonym: San. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Samo.
Seeku
[sos] Hauts-Bassins region: Houet province, Bobo-Dioulasso department, Bama, Banzo, Bouendé, Karankasso, Tiara, and Torosso villages; Kenedougou province. Users: 16,000 (2009 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Sambla, Samogho, Seenku, Sembla, Southern Samo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Samogo.
Sénoufo, Nanerigé
[sen] Hauts-Bassins region: Houet province, Bobo-Dioulasso department; Kenedougou province, Djigouera and north. Users: 50,000 (1985 census). All Senoufo languages: 173,000 (2009 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Naani, Nandereke, Nandergé, Nanergué, Nanergé, Nanerige. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Suppire-Mamara.
Sénoufo, Senara
[seq] Cascades region: Comoe and southern Leraba provinces. Users: 50,000 (1995 SIL). All Senoufo languages: 173,000 (2009 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Niangolo, Sénoufo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Senari.
Sénoufo, Sìcìté
[sep] Cascades region: Leraba province, Oueleni department; Hauts-Bassins region: Kenedougou province, Koloko and Ouelaní prefectures, Tagouara plateau to Mali border. Users: 35,000 in Burkina Faso (1999 SIL). All Senoufo languages: 173,000 (2009 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 38,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sucite, Sìcìré, Sìcìté, Sìpììté, Tagba. Autonym: Sìcijuungé. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Suppire-Mamara.
Siamou
[sif] Hauts-Bassins region: Houet province, Toussiana department; Kenedougou province: Orodara is center, Bandougou, Didéri, Diéri, Diéridéni, Diossogou, Kotoudéni, Lidara, and Tin villages. Users: 17,400 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 52,100. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Seme, Siemu, Siémou, Syémou, Sému. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Seme.
Sininkere
[skq] Centre-Nord region: Sanmatenga province near Pensa. Users: 6,000 (1999 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Silanke, Silinkere. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding.
Sissala
[sld] Centre-Ouest region: Sissili province between Léo and Hamale, 30 villages; Sud-Ouest region: Ioba province, Niego and Ouessa departments. Users: 13,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Isala, Sisaali, Sɩsaala. Autonym: Sɩ́ssalɩ́. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western.
Songhay
[hmb] Sahel region: Oudalan and Seno provinces, Falagountou, Ouanobian, and other towns. Central northeast. Users: 10,000 in Burkina Faso (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Central Songai, Humburi Senni Songhay, Songai, Songay, Songay Senni, Songhai, Songoi, Songoy, Sonrai, Sonrhai. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern.
Tamasheq, Kidal
[taq] Nord region: Loroum province, into Yatenga province; Sahel region: Oudalan province. Users: 122,000 in Burkina Faso (2009 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Tamashekin, Timbuktu, Tomacheck, Tuareg. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Tamasheq, Southern.
Téén
[lor] Sud-Ouest region: Poni province, Kampti subdistrict, 2 pockets west of Kampti. Users: 2,000 in Burkina Faso (1999). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Loghon, Lorhon, Loron, Nabe, Tegesie, Ténhé. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Teen.
Tiéfo
[tiq] Cascades region: Comoe province, Dramandougou Tiéfo; Hauts-Bassins region: Houet province. Users: 1,000 (1995 SIL). Ethnic population: 12,000 (1995 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Kiefo, Tyefo, Tyeforo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Tiefo.
Toussian, Northern
[tsp] Hauts-Bassins region: Houet province west of Bobo-Dioulasso; Kenedougou province north, east, and south of Orodara. Users: 19,500 (1995 SIL). 1,000 in Wenteene dialect, 18,500 in the other dialects. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tusia, Tusian, Tusya, Tusyang. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Tusia.
Toussian, Southern
[wib] Cascades region: Comoe Hauts-Bassins region, Houet province, halfway between Banfora and Bobo-Dioulasso; Toussiana is center area. Users: 19,500 in Burkina Faso (1995 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tusia, Tusian, Tusya, Tusyang, Win. Autonym: Wĩ́nwɛ́y. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Tusia.
Turka
[tuz] Cascades region: Comoe province north and west of Banfora; Leraba province; Hauts-Bassins region: Houet and Kenedougou provinces; principal villages are dialect names. Users: 37,000 in Burkina Faso (1998 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Curama, Cuuramã, Tchourama, Tourka, Turuka, Tyurama. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Kirma-Tyurama.
Viemo
[vig] Cascades region: Comoé province; Hauts-Bassins region: Houet province, Karankasso Vigué department, southeast of Bobo Dioulasso; Sud-Ouest region: Bougouriba province. Users: 8,000 (1995 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Vige, Vigué, Vigye. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Viemo.
Wara
[wbf] Cascades region: Leraba province, Sindou town area, Néguéni is main village. Users: 4,500 (Johnstone 1993). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ouala, Ouara, Samoe, Samwé. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Wara-Natioro.
Winyé
[kst] Boucle du Mouhoun region: Bale province, Boromo subdistrict, Boromo area, halfway between Bobo-Dioulosso and Ouagadougou, 17 to 18 villages; Centre-Ouest region: Sanguie province. Users: 20,000 (1999 SIL). Most are monolingual. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kols, Kolsi, Kõ. Autonym: Winɩ́ɛ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western.
Zarma
[dje] Est region: Tapoa province, scattered settlements. Users: 600 in Burkina Faso (1987 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Adzerma, Djerma, Dyabarma, Dyarma, Dyerma, Zabarma, Zarbarma, Zarma sanni, Zarmaciine, Zerma. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern.