Canada

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Population Full

38,062,000 (2020 census)

Principal Languages
English, French
Literacy Rate
99% (Roser and Ortiz-Ospina 2018)
International Conventions
CPPDCE (2005), ICCPR (1976), UNCRPD (2010), UNDRIP (2016)
General References
Campbell 1997, Campbell and King 2011, Chafe 1962, Chafe 1965, Golla 2007, Harrison and Marmen 1996
Deaf Population
1,704,500
Recognized Nationalities

The constitution of Canada recognizes three categories of indigenous peoples: Indians (now referred to as First Nations), Inuit and Métis. The government department of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) maintains a listing of over 600 officially recognized First Nation communities who are eligible for government services.

Language Counts
The number of established languages listed for Canada is 99. Of these, 98 are living and 1 is extinct. Of the living languages, 81 are indigenous and 17 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, 6 are institutional, 11 are developing, 1 is vigorous, 32 are in trouble, and 48 are dying. Also listed are 96 unestablished languages and 5 macrolanguages.