Côte d’Ivoire

French

[fra] 1 (National). Statutory national language (2000, Constitution, Article 29). 8,235,000 in Côte d’Ivoire, all users. L1 users: 45,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (2017). L2 users: 8,190,000 (Beck et al 2018).

3 (Wider communication)

Bambara

[bam] 3 (Wider communication). 5,500 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL).

Jula

[dyu] 3 (Wider communication). Widespread in all major cities. 8,500,000 in Côte d’Ivoire, all users. L1 users: 1,500,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (2012 V. Vydrin). L2 users: 7,000,000 (2012 V. Vydrin). Total users in all countries: 12,504,000 (as L1: 2,226,000; as L2: 10,278,000).

5 (Developing)

Adioukrou

[adj] 5* (Developing). 140,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Alladian

[ald] 5* (Developing). 23,000 (1993 SIL).

Anyin

[any] 5* (Developing). 1,450,000 in Côte d’Ivoire, all users. L1 users: 1,440,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c). L2 users: 10,000. Total users in all countries: 1,516,400 (as L1: 1,506,400; as L2: 10,000).

Attié

[ati] 5* (Developing). 642,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Avikam

[avi] 5* (Developing). 21,000 (1993 SIL).

Baoulé

[bci] 5* (Developing). 4,650,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c). Total users in all countries: 4,654,060.

Bété, Daloa

[bev] 5* (Developing). 130,000 (1993 SIL). All Bété varieties: 730,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Bété, Guiberoua

[bet] 5* (Developing). 130,000 (1993 SIL). All Bété varieties: 730,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Deg

[mzw] 5* (Developing). 1,100 in Côte d’Ivoire (1991).

Dida, Yocoboué

[gud] 5* (Developing). 102,000 (1993 SIL). 7,100 Guitry, 94,500 Divo. All Dida: 336,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Guro

[goa] 5* (Developing). 500,000 (2012 V. Vydrin).

Krahn, Western

[krw] 5* (Developing). 12,200 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL).

Krumen, Pye

[pye] 5* (Developing). 20,000 (1993 SIL). All Krumen: 48,300 (1993 SIL).

Krumen, Tepo

[ted] 5* (Developing). 28,300 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL). All Krumen: 48,300 (1993 SIL). Total users in all countries: 33,910.

Lobi

[lob] 5* (Developing). 270,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c).

Mwan

[moa] 5* (Developing). 20,000 (2012 V. Vydrin).

Nafaanra

[nfr] 5* (Developing). Few in Côte d’Ivoire.

Nyabwa

[nwb] 5* (Developing). 72,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Sénoufo, Cebaara

[sef] 5* (Developing). 862,000 (1993 SIL).

Sénoufo, Djimini

[dyi] 5* (Developing). 95,500 (1993 SIL).

Tchaman

[ebr] 5* (Developing). 152,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Toura

[neb] 5* (Developing). 67,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Wè Northern

[wob] 5* (Developing). 265,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Wè Southern

[gxx] 5* (Developing). 422,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Wè Western

[wec] 5* (Developing). 25,200 (1998 SIL). 20,000 Kaoro (1995 SIL).

Yaouré

[yre] 5* (Developing). 40,000 (2012 V. Vydrin).

American Sign Language

[ase] 5 (Developing). 130,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 77,000–155,000, based on 0.3%–0.6% of the total population.

Bakwé

[bjw] 5 (Developing). 10,300 (1993 SIL).

Birifor, Southern

[biv] 5 (Developing). 4,310 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL).

Cerma

[cme] 5 (Developing). 1,700 in Côte d’Ivoire (1991).

Dan

[dnj] 5 (Developing). 1,300,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (2012 V. Vydrin). 650,000 in Eastern Dan, 650,000 in western Dan. Total users in all countries: 1,568,800.

5 (Dispersed)

Fulfulde, Maasina

[ffm] 5* (Dispersed). 479,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c).

Hausa

[hau] 5* (Dispersed). 395,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c). Ethnic population: 1,000,000.

Nzema

[nzi] 5* (Dispersed). 113,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c).

Yoruba

[yor] 5* (Dispersed). 115,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c).

6a (Vigorous)

Abé

[aba] 6a (Vigorous). 268,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Abidji

[abi] 6a (Vigorous). 85,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Abron

[abr] 6a* (Vigorous). 223,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c).

Abure

[abu] 6a* (Vigorous). 93,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Aizi, Tiagbamrin

[ahi] 6a* (Vigorous). 9,000 (1999 SIL).

Anyin Morofo

[mtb] 6a* (Vigorous). 300,000 (2002 SIL).

Beng

[nhb] 6a* (Vigorous). 17,000 (1993 SIL).

Bété, Gagnoa

[btg] 6a* (Vigorous). 150,000 (1989 SIL). All Bété varieties: 730,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Dida, Lakota

[dic] 6a* (Vigorous). 93,800 (1993 SIL). All Dida: 336,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Gban

[ggu] 6a* (Vigorous). 60,000 (2012 V. Vydrin).

Godié

[god] 6a (Vigorous). 26,400 (1993 SIL).

Goo

[gov] 6a (Vigorous). 8,000 (2021 V. Vydrin).

Grebo, Southern

[grj] 6a* (Vigorous). 71,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c).

Kla-Dan

[lda] 6a (Vigorous). 25,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (2001 V. Vydrin).

Koro

[kfo] 6a* (Vigorous). 58,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Kouya

[kyf] 6a (Vigorous). 10,100 (1993 SIL).

Koyaga

[kga] 6a* (Vigorous). 84,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Krahn, Eastern

[kqo] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,600 in Côte d’Ivoire.

Krobu

[kxb] 6a* (Vigorous). 9,920 (1993 SIL).

Kulango, Bondoukou

[kzc] 6a* (Vigorous). 77,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL). All Kulango: 372,000 (Leclerc 2017c). Total users in all countries: 104,000.

Kulango, Bouna

[nku] 6a* (Vigorous). 14,400 in Côte d’Ivoire (1998). All Kulango: 372,000 (Leclerc 2017c). Total users in all countries: 29,900.

Ligbi

[lig] 6a* (Vigorous). 4,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Vanderaa 1991).

Loma

[loi] 6a* (Vigorous). 8,010 (2000).

Mahou

[mxx] 6a* (Vigorous). 300,000 (2012 V. Vydrin).

Mbato

[gwa] 6a* (Vigorous). 25,000 (1993 SIL).

Mòoré

[mos] 6a* (Vigorous). 1,360,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c).

Neyo

[ney] 6a* (Vigorous). 9,200 (1993 SIL).

Sénoufo, Nyarafolo

[sev] 6a* (Vigorous). 60,000 (2009 L. Boese).

Sénoufo, Palaka

[plr] 6a* (Vigorous). 8,000 (1995 SIL).

Sénoufo, Shempire

[seb] 6a* (Vigorous). 100,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (1996). Total users in all countries: 114,800.

Sénoufo, Tagwana

[tgw] 6a* (Vigorous). 138,000 (1993 SIL).

Téén

[lor] 6a (Vigorous). 6,100 in Côte d’Ivoire (1991). Total users in all countries: 8,100.

Wan

[wan] 6a* (Vigorous). 22,000 (1993 UBS).

Wojenaka

[jod] 6a* (Vigorous). 147,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

Worodougou

[jud] 6a* (Vigorous). 115,000 (Leclerc 2017c).

6b (Threatened)

Daho-Doo

[das] 6b* (Threatened). 4,000 (1996 SIL).

Ega

[ega] 6b (Threatened). 2,500 (2001 B. Connell).

Glio-Oubi

[oub] 6b* (Threatened). 2,500 in Côte d’Ivoire (1991).

Guébie

[gie] 6b (Threatened). 7,000 (2015 H. Sande).

Khisa

[kqm] 6b* (Threatened). 5,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Vanderaa 1991). Total users in all countries: 8,000.

Kodia

[kwp] 6b (Threatened). 840 (1993 SIL).

Krumen, Plapo

[ktj] 6b (Threatened). 100 (2004).

Ngen

[gnj] 6b (Threatened). 1,000 (2021 T. Korol).

Wané

[hwa] 6b* (Threatened). 2,100 (1993 SIL).

7 (Shifting)

Aizi, Aproumu

[ahp] 7 (Shifting). 6,500 (1999 SIL).

Aizi, Mobumrin

[ahm] 7 (Shifting). 2,000 (1999 SIL).

8a (Moribund)

Beti

[eot] 8a (Moribund). 200 (Blench 1999b). Ethnic population: 3,180 (1988 census).

Jeri Kuo

[jek] 8a (Moribund). 1,500 (1990 R. Kastenholz). Ethnic population: 20,000 (1990 R. Kastenholz).

Mbre

[mka] 8a (Moribund). 50 (Tiote 2017). Ethnic population: 700.

9 (Second language only)

N’ko

[nqo] 9 (Second language only). No known L1 speakers in Côte d’Ivoire. Ethnic population: No ethnic community.

10 (Extinct)

Tonjon

[tjn] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers.

Unestablished

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken

[apc] Unestablished. 30,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (2019).

Bisa

[bib] Unestablished. 127,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c).

Karaboro, Eastern

[xrb] Unestablished. 5,610 in Côte d’Ivoire (2000).

Soninke

[snk] Unestablished. 185,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c).

Spanish

[spa] Unestablished. 302,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (2019), L2 users.

Côte d’Ivoire

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