Finland
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Amharic
[amh] Users: 1,570 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Transversal, Amharic-Argobba.
Arabic, Mesopotamian Spoken
[acm] Users: 14,000 in Finland (2018). Total Arabic speakers in Finland: 29,500 (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Arabic, North Levantine Spoken
[apc] Users: 14,000 in Finland (2018). Total Arabic speakers in Finland: 29,500 (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Bengali
[ben] Users: 3,970 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Eastern, Bengali-Assamese.
Bosnian
[bos] Users: 2,360 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western.
Bulgarian
[bul] Users: 2,840 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Eastern.
Chinese
[zho] A macrolanguage. 12,400 in Finland (2018 census). Non-indigenous.
Dutch
[nld] Users: 1,650 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Saxon-Low Franconian, Low Franconian.
English
[eng] Widespread. Users: 3,890,700 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 20,700 in Finland (2018 census). L2 users: 3,870,000 (European Commission 2012). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Englanti. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
Estonian, Standard
[ekk] Kymenlaakso and Uusimaa regions; scattered throughout south coast. Users: 49,700 in Finland (2018 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Eesti, Eesti Keel, Eesti Kirjakeel. Classification: Uralic, Finnic.
Finland-Swedish Sign Language
[fss] Scattered; south and west coast areas. Users: 300 in Finland (2021 EUD). 300 deaf sign language users (2021 EUD). Another estimate: approximately 150 deaf and 150 hearing, mostly middle-aged and elderly (Takkinen et al 2015). Total users in all countries: 302. Status: 8a (Moribund). Recognized language (2015, Sign Language Act 359/2015). Alternate Names: FinSSL, Finlandssvenskt Teckenspråk, SRVK, Suomenruotsalainen Viittomakieli. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Finnish
[fin] Users: 5,340,000 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 4,840,000 in Finland (2018 census). 30,000 speakers of Tornedalen Finnish. L2 users: 500,000 (2018 Institute for the Languages of Finland). Total users in all countries: 5,679,640 (as L1: 5,023,640; as L2: 656,000). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (2000, Constitution, Article 17(1,2)). Autonym: Suomi. Classification: Uralic, Finnic.
Finnish Sign Language
[fse] Scattered. Users: 5,000 (2014 EUD). Estimates vary: 3,000 deaf, plus 6,000–9,000 hearing (some L1, some L2, Rainò 2010); 5,000 deaf and 10,000 hearing signers (2006 Institute for the Languages of Finland, 2014 EUD); 26,500 (2014 IMB). Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2011, No. 61, Institute for sign language status). Recognized language (1995, Constitution, Section 17). Recognized language (2015, Sign Language Act 359/2015). Alternate Names: FinSL, SVK, Suomalainen viittomakieli, Viittomakieli. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
French
[fra] Scattered. Users: 440,400 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 4,400 in Finland (2018 census). L2 users: 436,000 (Beck et al 2018). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
German, Standard
[deu] Users: 1,001,320 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 6,320 in Finland (2018 census). L2 users: 995,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Deutsch. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German.
Greek
[ell] Users: 1,640 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic.
Hindi
[hin] Users: 2,370 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani.
Hungarian
[hun] Users: 2,960 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Uralic.
Italian
[ita] Users: 2,860 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian.
Japanese
[jpn] Users: 1,520 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Japonic.
Karelian
[krl] Northern Ostrobothnia region: Kuusano municipality, Russian border area; mostly scattered throughout the country. Users: 5,000 in Finland (2018 Institute for the Languages of Finland). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Karelian Proper, Karely. Classification: Uralic, Finnic.
Kurdish, Northern
[kmr] Users: 14,100 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
Latvian, Standard
[lvs] Users: 2,060 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Baltic, Eastern.
Lithuanian
[lit] Users: 1,490 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Baltic, Eastern.
Livvi
[olo] North Karelia and South Karelia regions: scattered communities. Users: 5,170 in Finland (2000). Ethnic population: 140,000. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Aunus, Livvikovian, Livvin kieli, Olonets, Olonetsian. Classification: Uralic, Finnic.
Meänkieli
[fit] Lapland region: Kolari, Muonio, Pello, Tonio, and Ylitonio western municipalities. Users: 30,000 in Finland (1997 B. Winsa). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tornedalen Finnish. Classification: Uralic, Finnic.
Nepali
[npi] Users: 3,940 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Eastern, Eastern Pahari.
Persian, Iranian
[pes] Users: 13,000 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
Polish
[pol] Users: 5,440 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, West, Lechitic.
Portuguese
[por] Users: 3,020 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Portuguese-Galician.
Romani, Kalo Finnish
[rmf] Scattered. Users: 10,000 in Finland (2001 census). Total users in all countries: 11,650. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Fíntika Rómma, Kaalo, Roma. Autonym: Kaalengo tšibbaha. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani, Northern.
Romanian
[ron] Users: 4,420 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern.
Russian
[rus] Users: 70,000 in Finland (Arefyev 2012), all users. L1 users: 79,200 (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East.
Saami, Inari
[smn] Lapland region: mostly Utsjoki border town area between Lake Inari and Norway border. Users: 300 (2001 census). 2,000 all Saami in Finland (2018 census). Ethnic population: 700 (1995 M. Krauss). Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Sodankyla in Lapland, 3 municipalities elsewhere (2003, Sami Language Act No. 1086). Alternate Names: Anar, Saam, Saame, Samic, Sámi, “Finnish Lapp” (pej.), “Inari Lappish” (pej.), “Lapp” (pej.). Autonym: Anarâškielâ. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Eastern.
Saami, North
[sme] Lapland region: Enontekiö, western Inari, Sodankylä, and Utsjoki municipalities. Users: 1,700 in Finland (2001 census). 2,000 all Saami in Finland (2018 census). Ethnic population: 3,500 (1995 M. Krauss). Status: 6b (Threatened). Recognized language (2003, Sami Language Act No. 1086). Alternate Names: Davvin, Northern Lapp, Saame, Same, Sámegiella, “Lapp” (pej.). Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Northern.
Saami, Skolt
[sms] Lapland region: Inari municipality, Sevettijärvi area. Users: 300 in Finland (Salminen 2007). 2,000 all Saami in Finland (2018 census). Ethnic population: 500 (1995 M. Krauss). Total users in all countries: 320. Status: 7 (Shifting). Statutory language of provincial identity in Sodankyla in Lapland, 3 municipalities elsewhere (2003, Sami Language Act No. 1086). Alternate Names: Kolta, Koltta, Lopar, Nuõrttsääʹmǩiõll, Russian Lapp, Saame, Same, “Lapp” (pej.), “Skolt Lappish” (pej.). Autonym: Sääʹmǩiõll. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Eastern.
Somali
[som] Users: 20,900 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Somali.
Spanish
[spa] Users: 98,300 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 8,100 in Finland (2018 census). L2 users: 90,200 (2020). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
Swahili
[swh] Users: 2,070 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, G, Swahili (G.42).
Swedish
[swe] Kymenlaakso, Ostrobothnia, and Southwest Finland regions. Users: 2,698,000 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 288,000 in Finland (2018 census). L2 users: 2,410,000 (European Commission 2012). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national working language (2000, Constitution, Article 17(1,2)). Alternate Names: Ruotsi, Svenska. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish.
Tagalog
[tgl] Users: 4,010 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Tagalog.
Tamil
[tam] Users: 1,920 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Dravidian, Southern, Tamil-Kannada, Tamil-Kodagu, Tamil-Malayalam, Tamil.
Thai
[tha] Users: 9,760 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Kra-Dai, Kam-Tai, Tai, Southwestern.
Tigrigna
[tir] Users: 1,240 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, North.
Turkish
[tur] Users: 8,130 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkish.
Ukrainian
[ukr] Users: 4,410 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East.
Urdu
[urd] Users: 3,170 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani.
Vietnamese
[vie] Users: 10,400 in Finland (2018 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong, Vietnamese.