Finland

Finnish

[fin] 1 (National). Statutory national language (2000, Constitution, Article 17(1,2)). 5,340,000 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 4,840,000 in Finland (2018 census). 30,000 speakers of Tornedalen Finnish. L2 users: 500,000 (2018 Institute for the Languages of Finland). Total users in all countries: 5,679,640 (as L1: 5,023,640; as L2: 656,000).

Swedish

[swe] 1 (National). Statutory national working language (2000, Constitution, Article 17(1,2)). 2,698,000 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 288,000 in Finland (2018 census). L2 users: 2,410,000 (European Commission 2012).

2 (Provincial)

Saami, Inari

[smn] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Sodankyla in Lapland, 3 municipalities elsewhere (2003, Sami Language Act No. 1086). 300 (2001 census). 2,000 all Saami in Finland (2018 census). Ethnic population: 700 (1995 M. Krauss).

4 (Educational)

English

[eng] 4 (Educational). 3,890,700 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 20,700 in Finland (2018 census). L2 users: 3,870,000 (European Commission 2012).

5 (Dispersed)

Estonian, Standard

[ekk] 5* (Dispersed). 49,700 in Finland (2018 census).

French

[fra] 5* (Dispersed). 440,400 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 4,400 in Finland (2018 census). L2 users: 436,000 (Beck et al 2018).

German, Standard

[deu] 5* (Dispersed). 1,001,320 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 6,320 in Finland (2018 census). L2 users: 995,000 (2020).

5 (Developing)

Romani, Kalo Finnish

[rmf] 5* (Developing). 10,000 in Finland (2001 census). Total users in all countries: 11,650.

Finnish Sign Language

[fse] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2011, No. 61, Institute for sign language status). Recognized language (1995, Constitution, Section 17). Recognized language (2015, Sign Language Act 359/2015). 5,000 (2014 EUD). Estimates vary: 3,000 deaf, plus 6,000–9,000 hearing (some L1, some L2, Rainò 2010); 5,000 deaf and 10,000 hearing signers (2006 Institute for the Languages of Finland, 2014 EUD); 26,500 (2014 IMB).

6a (Vigorous)

Meänkieli

[fit] 6a* (Vigorous). 30,000 in Finland (1997 B. Winsa).

6b (Threatened)

Saami, North

[sme] 6b (Threatened). Recognized language (2003, Sami Language Act No. 1086). 1,700 in Finland (2001 census). 2,000 all Saami in Finland (2018 census). Ethnic population: 3,500 (1995 M. Krauss).

7 (Shifting)

Saami, Skolt

[sms] 7 (Shifting). Statutory language of provincial identity in Sodankyla in Lapland, 3 municipalities elsewhere (2003, Sami Language Act No. 1086). 300 in Finland (Salminen 2007). 2,000 all Saami in Finland (2018 census). Ethnic population: 500 (1995 M. Krauss). Total users in all countries: 320.

8a (Moribund)

Finland-Swedish Sign Language

[fss] 8a (Moribund). Recognized language (2015, Sign Language Act 359/2015). 300 in Finland (2021 EUD). 300 deaf sign language users (2021 EUD). Another estimate: approximately 150 deaf and 150 hearing, mostly middle-aged and elderly (Takkinen et al 2015). Total users in all countries: 302.

Karelian

[krl] 8a (Moribund). 5,000 in Finland (2018 Institute for the Languages of Finland).

8b (Nearly extinct)

Livvi

[olo] 8b (Nearly extinct). 5,170 in Finland (2000). Ethnic population: 140,000.

Unestablished

Amharic

[amh] Unestablished. 1,570 in Finland (2018 census).

Arabic, Mesopotamian Spoken

[acm] Unestablished. 14,000 in Finland (2018). Total Arabic speakers in Finland: 29,500 (2018 census).

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken

[apc] Unestablished. 14,000 in Finland (2018). Total Arabic speakers in Finland: 29,500 (2018 census).

Bengali

[ben] Unestablished. 3,970 in Finland (2018 census).

Bosnian

[bos] Unestablished. 2,360 in Finland (2018 census).

Bulgarian

[bul] Unestablished. 2,840 in Finland (2018 census).

Chinese

[zho] Unestablished. 12,400 in Finland (2018 census).

Dutch

[nld] Unestablished. 1,650 in Finland (2018 census).

Greek

[ell] Unestablished. 1,640 in Finland (2018 census).

Hindi

[hin] Unestablished. 2,370 in Finland (2018 census).

Hungarian

[hun] Unestablished. 2,960 in Finland (2018 census).

Italian

[ita] Unestablished. 2,860 in Finland (2018 census).

Japanese

[jpn] Unestablished. 1,520 in Finland (2018 census).

Kurdish, Northern

[kmr] Unestablished. 14,100 in Finland (2018 census).

Latvian, Standard

[lvs] Unestablished. 2,060 in Finland (2018 census).

Lithuanian

[lit] Unestablished. 1,490 in Finland (2018 census).

Nepali

[npi] Unestablished. 3,940 in Finland (2018 census).

Persian, Iranian

[pes] Unestablished. 13,000 in Finland (2018 census).

Polish

[pol] Unestablished. 5,440 in Finland (2018 census).

Portuguese

[por] Unestablished. 3,020 in Finland (2018 census).

Romanian

[ron] Unestablished. 4,420 in Finland (2018 census).

Russian

[rus] Unestablished. 70,000 in Finland (Arefyev 2012), all users. L1 users: 79,200 (2018 census).

Somali

[som] Unestablished. 20,900 in Finland (2018 census).

Spanish

[spa] Unestablished. 98,300 in Finland, all users. L1 users: 8,100 in Finland (2018 census). L2 users: 90,200 (2020).

Swahili

[swh] Unestablished. 2,070 in Finland (2018 census).

Tagalog

[tgl] Unestablished. 4,010 in Finland (2018 census).

Tamil

[tam] Unestablished. 1,920 in Finland (2018 census).

Thai

[tha] Unestablished. 9,760 in Finland (2018 census).

Tigrigna

[tir] Unestablished. 1,240 in Finland (2018 census).

Turkish

[tur] Unestablished. 8,130 in Finland (2018 census).

Ukrainian

[ukr] Unestablished. 4,410 in Finland (2018 census).

Urdu

[urd] Unestablished. 3,170 in Finland (2018 census).

Vietnamese

[vie] Unestablished. 10,400 in Finland (2018 census).

Finland

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