Ghana
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Abron
[abr] Brong-Ahafo region: southwest. Users: 1,170,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 1,393,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bron, Brong, Doma, Gyaman. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Akan.
Adamorobe Sign Language
[ads] Eastern region: Akuapim South municipal district, Adamorobe village. Users: 41 (Kusters 2012). Many of the approximately 3,500 hearing people in Adamorobe village also use Adamorobe Sign Language, to varying degrees of proficiency (Nyst 2007, Kusters 2012). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: AdaSL. Classification: Sign language, Shared sign language.
Adangbe
[adq] Volta region: south. Users: Ethnic population: 6,000 (Gblem-Poidi and Kantchoa 2012). Total users in all countries: 4,000. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Adan, Adantonwi, Agotime, Dangbe. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kposo-Ahlo-Bowili.
Adele
[ade] Volta region: Nkwanta district; east central border with Togo. Users: 11,000 in Ghana (2003). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bɛdɩrɛ, Badre, Bedire, Gadre, Gidire, Gɩdɩrɛ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Basila-Adele.
Ahanta
[aha] Western region: Takoradi to Princes Town on southwest coast. Users: 175,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Ayɩnda. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Southern.
Akan
[aka] Widespread. Users: 9,100,000 in Ghana, all users. L1 users: 8,100,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Population includes 111,000 Agona, 85,900 Ahafo, 626,000 Akuapem, 3,820,000 Asante, 142,000 Asen, 124,000 Dankyira, 2,730,000 Fante, 443,000 Kwawu, and 15,400 other (2013 UNSD). L2 users: 1,000,000. Total users in all countries: 9,329,800 (as L1: 8,329,800; as L2: 1,000,000). Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto national working language. Autonym: Akan. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Akan.
Akposo
[kpo] Volta region: Jasikan district, near Togo border. Users: 7,500 in Ghana (2003). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Akposso, Ikposo, Ikposso, Kposo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kposo-Ahlo-Bowili.
Animere
[anf] Volta region: enclave north of Jasikan town; Kecheibi and Kunda villages, remote. Users: 30 (2006 R. Blench). Only a few fluent speakers left in an ethnic group of several hundred (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Anyimere, Kunda. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kebu-Animere.
Anufo
[cko] Northern region: Wawjayga area. Users: 91,300 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 177,200. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Chakosi, Chokosi, Kyokosi, Tchokossi, Tiokossi. Autonym: Anufo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern.
Anyin
[any] Western region: Aowin Suman district. Users: 66,400 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Agni, Anyi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern.
Avatime
[avn] Volta region: center at Amedzofe. Users: 27,200 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Afatime, Si-yà, Sia, Siya, Siyase. Autonym: Sideme. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Avatime-Nyangbo.
Awutu
[afu] Central region: Awutu district, coast west of Accra. Users: 129,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Efutu. Autonym: Awutu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang.
Baoulé
[bci] Users: 4,060 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern.
Bimoba
[bim] Northern region: Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo and Sabobal-Chereponi districts; Upper East region: Garu-Tempane district. Users: 176,000 (2013 UNSD). Ethnic population: 200,000. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Moar, Moor. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, Moba.
Birifor, Southern
[biv] Northern region; Upper West region: Wa West district. Users: 183,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Total users in all countries: 187,310. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Berfoɔr, Birifo, Birifor, Bɩ rfʊ ɔ r, Ghana Birifor, Lobi. Autonym: Birfoɔr. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Birifor.
Bisa
[bib] Upper East region: Bawku Municipal district. Users: 243,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bissa, Busansi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Bissa.
Buli
[bwu] Upper East region; Northern region: White Volta river area. Users: 168,000 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Builsa, Bulisa, Bulsa, Guresha, Kanjaga. Autonym: Buli. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Buli-Koma.
Chakali
[cli] Northern region: West Gonja district, Ducie village is largest; Upper West region: Wa East district. Users: 6,000 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western.
Chala
[cll] Northern region: Jadigbe village, near Seipe, is 35% Chala; Volta region: Ago, Nkwanta, and Odomi villages. Users: 3,000 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bogong, Cala, Tshala. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern.
Cherepon
[cpn] Eastern region: east of Koforidua town; a few north of Larteh. Users: 132,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chiripon, Chiripong, Kyerepong, Okere. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang.
Chumburung
[ncu] Brong-Ahafo region: Sene district; Northern region: East Gonja district; Volta region: Krachi district; triangular area with Volta lake south, Daka river northwest, Yeji dialect is south of the lake. Users: 95,000 (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kyo̱ŋbo̱ro̱ŋ, Kyongborong, Nchimburu, Nchumburu, Nchummuru. Autonym: Kyo̱ŋbo̱ro̱ŋ-nɔ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
Dagaare, Southern
[dga] Upper West region: northwest corner. Users: 924,000 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Dagara, Dagare, Dagari, Dagati, Degati, Dogaari, Southern Dagari. Autonym: Dagaare. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Dagaari.
Dagbani
[dag] Northern region: northeast of Tamale, as far as Yendi. Users: 1,160,000 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Dagbamba, Dagbane, Dagomba. Autonym: Dagbanli. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast.
Dangme
[ada] Eastern region: Asuogyaman, East Akim municipal, Fanteukwa, Lower Manya Krobo, Upper Manya Krobo, New Juaben municipal, and Yilo Krobo municipal districts; Greater Accra region: Dangme East and West districts, southeast coast and inland; Volta region: North Tongu district. Users: 1,020,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Adaŋgbi, Adangme. Autonym: Dangme. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Ga-Dangme.
Deg
[mzw] Brong-Ahafo region: Kintampo North district; Northern region: Bole district; west of Volta lake. Users: 42,900 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 44,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Aculo, Buru, Degha, Janela, Mmfo, Mo. Autonym: Dɛg. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western.
Delo
[ntr] Volta region: Pampawie area, Togo border. Users: 10,900 in Ghana (2003), increasing. Total users in all countries: 18,400. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ntribou, Ntribu, Ntrubo. Autonym: Delo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern.
Dompo
[doy] Brong-Ahafo region: Banda district, Dompofie quarter. Users: 65 (Blench 1999a), decreasing. Ethnic population: 970 (2000). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Dumpo, Guang, Ndmpo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
Dwang
[nnu] Brong-Ahafo region: south of Volta lake, east of Atebubu. Users: 8,200 (2003 GILLBT). 1,600 Bekye, 3,300 Kenyen, 3,300 Wiase. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bassa, Dwan, Nchumunu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
English
[eng] Users: 11,708,600 in Ghana, all users. L1 users: 8,600 in Ghana (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. L2 users: 11,700,000 (2010 census), based on literacy rate in English of respondents 15 years old and older. Status: 1 (National). De facto national language. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
Esahie
[sfw] Western region. Users: 305,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Asahyue, Sefwi, Sehwi. Autonym: Esahie. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern.
Éwé
[ewe] Eastern region: Askuma town area, west of Lake Volta; Greater Accra region: easternmost; Volta region: easternmost. Users: 3,820,000 in Ghana, all users. L1 users: 3,320,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. L2 users: 500,000. Total users in all countries: 5,525,320 (as L1: 5,025,320; as L2: 500,000). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Ebwe, Efe, Eibe, Eue, Eve, Gbe, Krepe, Krepi, Popo, Vhe. Autonym: Èʋegbe (Èwegbe). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Gbe.
Farefare
[gur] Upper East region: Bolgatanga municipal district, Frafra area, west to Navrongo. Users: 638,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. 588,000 Gur and Nankansi, 49,200 Namnam (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 663,100. Status: 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in Upper East Region. Alternate Names: Frafra, Gurene, Gurenne, Gurune. Autonym: Farefare, Gurenɛ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest.
Foodo
[fod] Users: 1,000 in Ghana. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
French
[fra] Users: 244,000 in Ghana (Beck et al 2018), L2 users. Status: 4 (Educational). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
Fulfulde, Maasina
[ffm] Widespread north. Users: 4,240 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Fulbe, Fulfulde, Maacina, Maasinankoore, Peul. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, West Central.
Ga
[gaa] Greater Accra region: Accra and west. Users: 745,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 793,400. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Accra, Acra, Amina, Gain, Gamei. Autonym: Ga. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Ga-Dangme.
Ghanaian Pidgin English
[gpe] Greater Accra region: scattered. Users: 5,002,000, all users. L1 users: 2,000 (1990 UBS). L2 users: 5,000,000 (2011 V. Velupillai). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Brought to Ghana by settlers from New World in early 16th century during colony years. Lingua franca of Accra and Southern towns in Ghana. Used as trade language, in workplace, business, politics, media, school (all domains). Alternate Names: Broken, Kroo Brofo, Kru English, Pidgin, Pidgin English. Classification: Creole, English based, Atlantic, Krio.
Ghanaian Sign Language
[gse] Scattered. Users: 152,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 91,000–182,000 deaf signers, assuming 0.3%–0.6% of total population. Estimated 111,000 deaf people served by Ghana National Association of the Deaf (2019 GNAD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: GSL. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Gikyode
[acd] Volta region: Nkwanta district, on Togo border, 9 remote villages. Users: 10,400 (2003), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Achode, Akyode, Chode, Gichode, Kyode. Autonym: Gikyode. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
Gonja
[gjn] Brong-Ahafo region: Kintampa North district, separate area west; Northern region: Volta lake upper basin. Users: 310,000 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Guang. Autonym: Ngbanyito. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
Gua
[gwx] Eastern and Volta regions. Users: 17,600 (2013 UNSD). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Anum-Boso, Guan, Gwa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang.
Hanga
[hag] Northern region: Damongo district southeast of Mole Game Reserve; Murugu is largest village. Users: 6,800 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. 4,100 in the traditional area, 2,700 elsewhere. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Anga. Autonym: Haŋa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast.
Hausa
[hau] Widespread. Users: 565,000 in Ghana, all users. L1 users: 275,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc). L2 users: 290,000 (2019 Joshua Project). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Used as L2 in the north. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.1.
Ibibio
[ibb] Users: 59,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efik.
Igbo
[ibo] Users: 61,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Igbo.
Jwira-Pepesa
[jwi] Western region; Jwira from Bamiankaw to Humjibere along Ankobra river (18 villages); Pepesa on Wasa land between Agona Junction and Tarkwa; Dompim is main town. Users: 18,000 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gwira, Pepesa-Jwira. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Southern.
Kabiyè
[kbp] Northern region: near Togo border. Users: Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Cabrai, Cabrais, Kabire, Kabure, Kabye. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern.
Kamara
[jmr] Northern region: Larabanga village on road west of Damongo. Users: 3,000 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. Ethnic population: 5,000 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mara. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast.
Kantosi
[xkt] Upper East region: Sandema district, Bolgatonga, Kpaliwogo, Nalerigu, Navrongo, and near Wa. Users: 2,300 (2003 GILLBT). 280–400 in Sandema District, probably about 280 in Kpaliwongo. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dagaare-Dioula, Kantonsi, Yare, Yarsi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast.
Kasem
[xsm] Upper East region: Navrongo town area; Upper West region: Sissala East and West districts. Users: 149,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Kasena, Kassena, Kassene. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern.
Konkomba
[xon] Northern region: Yendi municipal district, Guerin, east border area; many scattered groups. Users: 831,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. Total users in all countries: 915,700. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bikpakpam, Kpankpamba. Autonym: Likpakpaanl. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma.
Konni
[kma] Northern region: West Mamprusi district, 5 villages, Nangruma and Yikpabongo largest, isolated, no roads. Users: 3,800 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kɔnni, Koma, Komung, Koni. Autonym: Kɔmɩŋ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Buli-Koma.
Kplang
[kph] Brong-Ahafo region: Sene district, south of Volta lake; Pru district, Yeji town. Users: 1,600 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Guang, Prang. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
Krache
[kye] Volta region: Kete Krachi area near Nchimburu. Users: 83,000 (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kaache, Kaakyi, Kaakyɩ, Krachi, Krakye. Autonym: Kaakye. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
Kulango, Bondoukou
[kzc] Brong-Ahafo region: west of Wenchi. Users: 27,000 in Ghana (2003 GILLBT). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bonduku, Kolango, Koulango, Kulange, Kulango, Nkuraeng, Nkurange. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Kulango.
Kulango, Bouna
[nku] Northern region: Bole district border area. Users: 15,500 in Ghana (1991). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bouna Koulango, Bouna Kulango, Buna Kulango, Nkuraeng. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Kulango.
Kusaal
[kus] Upper East region: Bawku district. Users: 535,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. 350,000 Agole, 70,000 Toende (2004 SIL). Total users in all countries: 549,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kusaas, Kusaasi, Kusale, Kusasi. Autonym: Kʋsaal. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast.
Lama
[las] Northern region: between Tamale and Yendi. Users: Several hundred or perhaps thousands in Ghana (1996). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Lamba, Losso. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern.
Larteh
[lar] Eastern region: Twi area south of Cherepon. Users: 107,000 (2017 J. Leclerc). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gua, Late, Lete. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang.
Lelemi
[lef] Volta region: Jasikan district. Users: 72,000 (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Buem, Lɛfana, Lafana, Lefana. Autonym: Lɛlɛmi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Lelemi-Akpafu.
Ligbi
[lig] Brong-Ahafo region: Numasa east of Sampa. Users: 15,000 in Ghana (2003 GILLBT). Total users in all countries: 19,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banda, Dzowo, Jogo, Ligwi, Namasa, Nigbi, Nigwi, Tsie, Tuba, Weela, Weila, Wiila. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Jogo-Jeri, Jogo.
Logba
[lgq] Volta region: southeast of Date. Users: 7,500 (2003). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Autonym: Ikpana. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Logba.
Mampruli
[maw] Northern region: east and west of Gambaga; Upper East region: scattered border areas north of the White Volta river, between Pwalagu and Zongoiri. Users: 316,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD), increasing. Total users in all countries: 326,000. Status: 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in northeast North Region. Alternate Names: Mampelle, Mamprule, Mamprusi, Mamprussi, Manpelle, Ngmamperli, Nmampurli, Ŋmampəlli. Autonym: Ŋmampulli. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast.
Mòoré
[mos] Users: 140,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest.
Nafaanra
[nfr] Brong-Ahafo region: Jaman North, Jaman South, and Tain districts; Northern region: Bole district border area. Users: 89,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Banafo, Banda, Dzama, Gambo, Nafaara, Nafana, “Pantera-Fantera” (pej.). Autonym: Nafaanra. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Nafaanra.
Nawdm
[nmz] Greater Accra region: scattered; Volta region: Ho and Kpando districts, scattered. Users: Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Naoudem, Naudm, Nawdam. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Yom-Nawdm.
Nawuri
[naw] Northern and Volta regions: Lake Volta, mostly Oti river west bank branch, northeast of Katiajeli. Users: 14,000 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Nawuri. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
Nchumbulu
[nlu] Brong-Ahafo region: 3 villages west of Lake Volta near Kplang. Users: 1,800 (2003 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
Nkami
[nkq] Eastern region: Afram Plains district, Amankwakrom. Users: 7,000 (2009 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
Nkonya
[nko] Central Volta region: east of Lake Volta, north of Ahenkro. Users: 20,400 (2013 UNSD). 11,000 in the language area, the rest in the larger urban areas of Ghana. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Nkunya. Autonym: Nkonya. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang.
Ntcham
[bud] Northern region: Zabzugul Tantale district. Users: 169,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Basar, Basare, Basari, Bassar, Bassari, Ncam, Ncham, Tobote. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, Ntcham.
Nyangbo
[nyb] Volta region: east of Afeyi. Users: 6,400 (2003). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Autonym: Tutrugbu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Avatime-Nyangbo.
Nzema
[nzi] Western region: Jomoro district. Users: 299,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Includes 27,800 Evalue (2013 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 412,000. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1951, Laws of the Gold Coast, Vernacular Literature Board Ordinance, as amended by Ordinance No. 44). Alternate Names: Appolo, Nzima. Autonym: Nzema. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Southern.
Paasaal
[sig] Northern region: West Gonja district; Upper West region: 18 villages south of Tumu. Users: 53,000 (2017 J. Leclerc), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Funsile, Pasaale, Pasaale Sisaala, Sisaala-Pasaale, Southern Sisaala. Autonym: Pasaal. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western.
Safaliba
[saf] Northern region: Gbenfu, Mandari, Manfuli, and Tanyire villages; Bote, Kalba, and Sawla town areas. Users: 5,000 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Safalaba, Safalba, Safali. Autonym: Safale̱ba. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest.
Sekpele
[lip] Volta region: north of Hohoe. Users: 23,000 (Ameka 2007). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bosele, Likpe, Mu, Sekpelé. Autonym: Sɛkpɛlé. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Likpe-Santrokofi.
Selee
[snw] Volta region: Benua, Bume, and Gbodome villages northeast of Ahenkro. Users: 11,300 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Santrokofi, Sele, Sentrokofi. Autonym: Bale. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Likpe-Santrokofi.
Sisaala, Tumulung
[sil] Upper East region: Bulisa district; Upper West region: Tumu area east to Sisili river. Users: 105,000 (2003 GILLBT). 219,000 Sisaala (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Hissala, Isaalang, Isaalung, Issala, Sisai, Sisala Tumu. Autonym: Isaalɩŋ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western.
Sisaala, Western
[ssl] Upper West region: between Tumu and Lambusie. Users: 30,000 (2003 GILLBT). 219,000 Sisaala (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Busillu Sisala, Hissala, Isaalo, Issala, Sisai. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western.
Siwu
[akp] Volta region: Mpeasem area north of Hohoé. Users: 71,900 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Akpafu-Lolobi, Lolobi-Akpafu, Mawu, Siwusi. Autonym: Siwu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Lelemi-Akpafu.
Tafi
[tcd] Volta region: north of Ho, near Togo border. Users: 4,400 (2003). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Tegbo. Autonym: Tɛgbɔ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Avatime-Nyangbo.
Tampulma
[tpm] Northern region: Damongo district, 25 villages south of Sisaala. Users: 16,000 (2003). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Tampele, Tamplima, Tampole, Tampolem, Tampolense, Tamprusi. Autonym: Tampulma. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western.
Tem
[kdh] Greater Accra region. Users: 134,000 in Ghana (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Cotocoli, Kotokoli, Temba, Tim, Timu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern.
Tuwuli
[bov] Volta region: Volta lake east to Amanfro on Hohoe-Jasikan road. Users: 11,400 (2003 GILLBT). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bawuli, Boviri, Bowili, Bowiri, Bowuri, Luwuli, Tuwili. Autonym: Tuwuli. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kposo-Ahlo-Bowili.
Vagla
[vag] Northern region: Damongo district, near Sawla. Users: 13,900 (2013 UNSD), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Konosarola, Paxala, Vagala. Autonym: Vagla. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western.
Wali
[wlx] Upper West region: Wa town; Northern region: northwest. Users: 84,800 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ala, Ouala, Waali, Wala. Autonym: Waalii. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest.
Wasa
[wss] Western region: mainly Wasa Amenfi West and Wasa Amenfi East districts. Users: 273,000 (2013 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Wasaw, Wassa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Akan.
Yoruba
[yor] Users: 460,000 in Ghana (2017 J. Leclerc). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Yoruboid, Edekiri.