Mexico
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Afro-Seminole Creole
[afs] Coahuila de Zaragoza state: Nacimiento de los Negros. Users: 200 in Mexico (1990). Ethnic population: 500 (2007). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Afro-Seminol Criollo, Afro-Seminole, Mascogos. Classification: Creole, English based, Atlantic, Eastern, Northern.
Albarradas Sign Language
[lsc] Oaxaca state: Tlacolula district, Santa Catarina Albarradas (also known as San Antonio Albarradas). Users: 10 (2021 A. Bickford). Approximately 10–15 deaf at any one time. There is a hearing population of 250–500, many of whom also sign, but the exact number is unknown. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: LSAlb, Lengua de señas Albarradas. Classification: Sign language, Shared sign language.
Amuzgo, Guerrero
[amu] Guerrero state: Xochistlahuaca municipality, Cochoapa, Cozoyoapan, Guadalupe Victoria, Huehuetonoc, Huistepec, Rancho del Cura, Tlacoachistlahuaca, and Zacoalpan. Santa Catarina river separates Guerrero variety from Oaxaca varieties. Users: 45,900 (2011 UNSD). Total Amuzgo speakers: 59,900 (2020 INEGI). 10,000 monolinguals (1990 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Amuzgo de Guerrero, Jñom’ndaa, Nomndaa, Ñonda. Autonym: Ñomndaa. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Amuzgo.
Amuzgo, Ipalapa
[azm] Oaxaca state: Putla district, La Ciénaga, Santa María Ipalapa northeast of San Pedro Amuzgos, Tlaxiaco to coast. Users: 900 (2010 INALI). Total Amuzgo speakers: 59,900 (2020 INEGI). 20 monolinguals (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Amuzgo Bajo del Este, Ts’unuma. Autonym: Jñunda. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Amuzgo.
Amuzgo, San Pedro Amuzgos
[azg] Oaxaca state: Putla district, San Pedro Amuzgos and outlying settlements. Users: 5,200 (2011 UNSD). Total Amuzgo speakers: 59,900 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Amuzgo Bajo del Este, Amuzgo de Oaxaca, Amuzgo de San Pedro Amuzgos, Jñon’ndaa, Oaxaca Amuzgo, Ñonda. Autonym: Jnꞌoon. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Amuzgo.
Arabic, North Levantine Spoken
[apc] Major cities. Users: Few speakers. Ethnic population: 630,000 (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Lebanese, Libano-mexicano. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Basque
[eus] Users: 26,000 in Mexico (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Language isolate.
Catalan
[cat] Users: 64,000 in Mexico (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, East Iberian.
Chatino, Eastern Highland
[cly] Oaxaca state: Juquila district, Lachao Pueblo Nuevo, and Santa María Yolotepec villages. Users: 1,800 (2000 INALI). Total Chatino speakers: 52,100 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chatino Oriental Alto, Chatino de la Zona Alta Oriental, Lachao-Yolotepec Chatino, Sierra Oriental Chatino. Autonym: Cha’ jna’a. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Chatino.
Chatino, Nopala
[cya] Oaxaca state: Juquila district; Atotonilco, Cerro el Aire, San Gabriel Mixtepec, San María Magdalena Tiltepec, Santa María Texmaxcaltepec, Santiago Cuixtla, Santos Reyes Nopala, and Teotepec. Users: 8,940 (2000 INALI). Total Chatino speakers: 52,100 (2020 INEGI). 2,300 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Chatino Oriental Bajo, Teotepec Chatino. Autonym: Chaꞌ jnaꞌa. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Chatino.
Chatino, Tataltepec
[cta] Oaxaca state: Juquila district, extreme west lowland Chatino area, San Pedro Tututepec and Tataltepec de Valdez towns; a few in nearby Spanish centers. Users: 540 (2015 R. Sullivant). Total Chatino speakers: 52,100 (2020 INEGI). 1 monolinguals (2015 R. Sullivant). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chatino Occidental Bajo, Lowland Chatino. Autonym: Chaꞌ jnaꞌa. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Chatino.
Chatino, Western Highland
[ctp] Oaxaca state: Juquila district, Panixtlahuaca, San Juan Quiahije, Yaitepec towns; Ixtapan, Tepenixtelahuaca, Ixpantepec, Amialtepec villages; some hamlets. Users: 16,000 (2000 INALI). Total Chatino speakers: 52,100 (2020 INEGI). 6,000 monolinguals (1990 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Cha’t-An, Chatino Central, Chatino de la Zona Alta Occidental, Sierra Occidental Chatino. Autonym: Chaꞌ jnaꞌa. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Chatino.
Chatino, Zacatepec
[ctz] Oaxaca state: Juquila district, San Marcos Zacatepec and Juquila villages. Users: 450 (2000 INALI). Total Chatino speakers: 52,100 (2020 INEGI). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Chatino de San Marcos Zacatepec, Chatino de Zacatepec. Autonym: Cha’ jna’a. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Chatino.
Chatino, Zenzontepec
[czn] Oaxaca state: Juquila district, Santa Cruz Zenzontepec and San Jacinto Tlacotepec municipalities, former Santa María Tlapanalquiahuitl municipality. Users: 8,490 (2000 INALI). Total Chatino speakers: 52,100 (2020 INEGI). 2,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chatino Occidental Alto, Northern Chatino. Autonym: Cha’ jna’a. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Chatino.
Chiapanec
[cip] Chiapas state: El Bosque, Las Margaritas, Ocosingo, Alenque, Sabanilla municipalities. Users: No known L1 speakers. Survived into the 2000s. Ethnic population: 32. Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Chaipanec, Chiapaneco, Chiapaneko, Proto Chiapanec. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Tlapanec-Manguean, Manguean.
Chichimeco-Jonaz
[pei] Guanajuato state: San Luís de la Paz, Jonáz village. Users: 2,360 (2020 INEGI). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Chichimec, Chichimeca, Chichimeco, Meco, Pame de Chichimeca-Jonaz, Uzá’. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean.
Chicomuceltec
[cob] Chiapas state: Amatenango de la Frontera municipality near Guatemala border. Users: No known L1 speakers in Mexico. The last competent speakers probably died by the 1930s; some rememberers may have survived into the 1980s (Campbell and Canger 1978). Ethnic population: 1,500. Total users in all countries: none known. Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Cac’chiquel Mam, Cakchiquel Mam, Chicomukeltec, Chicomulcelteco. Classification: Mayan, Huastecan.
Chinantec, Chiltepec
[csa] Oaxaca state: San José Chiltepec. Users: Only a few older speakers (2011 J. Williams). Some possible monolinguals. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Jajme dzä mii, Jmiih kia’ dzä mii. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Comaltepec
[cco] Oaxaca state: Santiago Comaltepec, Soledad Tectitlán, La Esperanza, San Martín Soyolapan, Vista Hermosa (Quiotepec), San Pedro Yolox, Rosario Temextitlán, Maninaltepec. Users: 2,000 (1990 census). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). 150 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 2,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Chinanteco de Santiago Comaltepec, juu jmiih. Autonym: Jmíiˊ. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Lalana
[cnl] Oaxaca and Veracruz states: border area, Lalana municipality, 25 towns; Jocotepec and Petlapa municipalities. Users: 10,700 (2000 INALI). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). 2,500 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Chinanteco de San Juan Lalana, Chinanteco del Sureste Bajo. Autonym: Jujmi. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Lealao
[cle] Oaxaca state: La Hondura, Latani, San Juan Lealao, and Tres Arroyos. Users: 2,000 (1990 census). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). 500 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Chinanteco de San Juan Lealao, Latani. Autonym: fáh⁴jmii⁴². Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Ojitlán
[chj] Oaxaca state: San Lucas Ojitlán, 4 towns and 15 hamlets; Hidalgotitlá, Minatitlán and Veracruz municipalities. Most relocated because a dam flooded their land in 1991. Users: 37,900 (2000 INALI). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). 2,800 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Chinanteco del Norte, Comaltepec Chinantec. Autonym: Jmiih kia’ dzä ‘vï ï, Jujmi. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Ozumacín
[chz] Oaxaca state: Ayotzintepec, San Pedro Ozumacín and Santiago Progreso. Users: 3,140 (2000 INALI). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). 260 monolinguals (1990 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chinanteco de Ayotzintepec, Chinanteco del Sureste Alto. Autonym: Jumi dsa mojai, Juujmii. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Palantla
[cpa] Oaxaca state: San Juan Palantla and more than 21 towns. Users: 25,000 (2007 SIL). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,500 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chinanteco de San Pedro Tlatepuzco. Autonym: Jajme dzä mii, Jmiih kia’ dzä mii. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Quiotepec
[chq] Oaxaca state: Etla district, San Juan Bautista Atatlah; Ixtlán district, San Juan Quiotepec, Reforma, Maninaltepec, San Pedro Yolox, and Rosario Temextitlán. Users: 8,000 (1998). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,750 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Highland Chinantec. Autonym: juu jmiih. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Sochiapam
[cso] Oaxaca state: Cuicatlán, Retumbadero, San Juan Zapotitlán, San Juan Zautla, San Pedro Sochiapan and Santiago Quetzalapa. Users: 3,590 (2000 INALI). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). 730 monolinguals (1990 census). Ethnic population: 6,300. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Chinanteco del Oeste, Sochiapan Chinantec. Autonym: Jaú jm_, Jmiih kia’ dzä jii’. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Tepetotutla
[cnt] Oaxaca state: El Naranjal, San Antonio del Barrio, San Pedro Tlatepusco, Santa Cruz Tepetotutla, Santo Tomás Texas, and Vega del Sol. Users: 1,850 (2000 INALI). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chinanteco del Oeste Central Bajo, Jejmei. Autonym: Jajmi dzä kï ï’, Jejmi. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Tepinapa
[cte] Oaxaca state: Choapan district, San Juan Petlapa municipality, San Juan Toavela, Santa Isabel Cajonos and Santa María Lovani; Santiago Jocotepec municipality, Linda Vista, San Pedro Tepinapa Comunal (locally known as Monte de Oro), and San Pedro Tepinapa Ejidal. Users: 11,800 (2000 INALI). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,500 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chinanteco del Sureste Medio. Autonym: Jujmi. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Tlacoatzintepec
[ctl] Oaxaca state: San Juan Bautista Tlacoatzintepec, San Juan Zapotitlán, San Pedro Alianza, Santiago Quetzalapa. Users: 1,720 (2000 INALI). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). 550 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chinanteco del Noroeste. Autonym: Jau jmai. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Usila
[cuc] Oaxaca state: San Felipe Usila plus 12 towns; Pueblo Doce, Veracruz. Users: 7,410 (2000 INALI). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). 2,200 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chinanteco del Oeste Central Alto. Autonym: Jaú jm_, Jmiih kia’ dzä jii’. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinantec, Valle Nacional
[cvn] Oaxaca state: San Mateo Yetla in San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional. Users: 440 (2000 INALI). Total Chinantec speakers: 144,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Chinanteco Central Bajo, Jajmi dzä kï ï’, Jejmei, Jejmi. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Chinantecan.
Chinese, Yue
[yue] Users: 26,000 in Mexico (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Chocholtec
[coz] Oaxaca state: Nochixtlán district, San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca, San Miguel Tulancingo, and Santa María Nativitas. Users: 850 (2020 INEGI). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Chocho, Chocholteco, Chochon, Chochonteco, Chochotec, Ngiba, Ngigua, Ngiwa. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan.
Chol
[ctu] Chiapas state: Chivalito, Limar, Tila, and Vicente Guerrero. Users: 255,000 (2020 INEGI). 40,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Lakty’añ. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Core Mayan, Cholan-Tzeltalan, Cholan, Chol-Chontal, Chol.
Chontal, Highland Oaxaca
[chd] Oaxaca state: San José Chiltepec, San Lucas Ixcatepec, and 15 towns west of Tehuantepec isthmus. Users: 2,200 (2000 INALI). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Chontal de Oaxaca Alto, Chontal de la Sierra de Oaxaca, Highland Chontal, Tequistlatec, Tsame. Autonym: Tsome. Classification: Tequistlatecan.
Chontal, Lowland Oaxaca
[clo] Oaxaca state: Tehuantepec district, San Pedro Huamelula and Santiago Astata. Users: 1,280 (2000 INALI). Chontal de Oaxaca bajo: 220; Chontal de Oaxaca de la costa: 1,060 (2000 INALI). No monolinguals. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Chontal de Oaxaca de la costa, Chontal de la Costa de Oaxaca, Huamelula Chontal, Huamelulteco. Autonym: Lajltyaygi. Classification: Tequistlatecan.
Chontal, Tabasco
[chf] Tabasco state: 21 towns north-central and south. Users: 60,600 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chontal Maya, Chontal de Tabasco. Autonym: Yocot’an. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Core Mayan, Cholan-Tzeltalan, Cholan, Chol-Chontal.
Chuj
[cac] Chiapas state: Trinitaria municipality, Cuauhtémoc and Tziscau villages; Campeche and Quintana Roo states. Users: 3,520 in Mexico (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chapai, Chuj de San Mateo Ixtatán, Koti’. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Q’anjob’alan-Chujean, Chujean.
Cochimi
[coj] Baja California state: north of Loreto to north peninsula. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died by the 1970s (Mixco 1978). Ethnic population: 150 (Adelaar 2007). This may include Kumiai [dih] in La Huerta who call themselves Cochimí. Old Cochimí is extinct (Mixco 1978). Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Cadegomeño, Cadegomo, Cochetimi, Cochima, Cochimtee, Cochimí, Didiu, Joaquín, Laimon, Laymon-Cochimi, Laymonem, San Francesco Saverio Mission, San Francisco Xavier de, San Javier, San Xavier, Viggé-Biaundo Mission. Classification: Cochimí-Yuman, Yuman.
Cocopa
[coc] Baja California state; Sonora state: Mexicali and San Luis Río Colorado municipalities. Users: 180 in Mexico (2020 INEGI). Ethnic population: 200 (1998). Total users in all countries: 550. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Cocopah, Cocopá, Cucapá, Cucupá, Kikimá, Kwikapá. Autonym: Kuapá. Classification: Cochimí-Yuman, Yuman, Delta-California.
Cora, El Nayar
[crn] Nayarit state: north-central. Users: 5,370 (2000 INALI). Total Cora speakers: 33,200 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Cora, Cora de El Nayar, Cora tereseño, Kora, Naáyeri, Naáyeri Niuka. Autonym: Naáyeri Nyuuca. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Cora-Huichol, Cora.
Cora, Santa Teresa
[cok] Nayarit state: Dolores, San Blasito and Santa Teresa. Users: 4,110 (2000 INALI). Total Cora speakers: 33,200 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kwéimarusa’na. Autonym: Cuéimarusa’na. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Cora-Huichol, Cora.
Cuicatec, Tepeuxila
[cux] Oaxaca state: 16 towns in northwest. Users: 8,680 (2000 INALI). Total Cuicatec speakers: 13,000 (2020 INEGI). 850 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Cuicateco del centro, Dbaku. Autonym: Dibaku. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Cuiatec.
Cuicatec, Teutila
[cut] Oaxaca state: San Pedro Teutila; 8 towns. Users: 3,140 (2000 INALI). Total Cuicatec speakers: 13,000 (2020 INEGI). 260 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dbaku, Duaku. Autonym: Dubaku. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Cuiatec.
Cuitlatec
[cuy] Guerrero state: Balsas river. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in the 1960s (2017 (I. Maddieson). Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Language isolate.
English
[eng] Chihuahua state: Colonia Dublán, Colonia Juarez; Cuernavaca, Mexico City, elsewhere. Users: 6,337,000 in Mexico, all users. L1 users: 537,000 in Mexico (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. L2 users: 5,800,000 (2019 El Financiero). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Inglés. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
French
[fra] Users: 43,000 in Mexico, all users. L1 users: 13,000 in Mexico (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. L2 users: 30,000 (Beck et al 2018). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Francés. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
German, Standard
[deu] Users: 13,000 in Mexico (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German.
Greek
[ell] Users: 10,000 in Mexico (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic.
Huarijío
[var] Chihuahua state: Río Chinipas east to Sonora state border; San Bernardo, to headwaters of Río Mayo. 17 or more villages or hamlets. West Sierra Madre mountains. Users: 2,140 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Guarijío, Maculái, Macurawe, Macurái, Makurawe, Varihío, Varijío, Varohio, Vorijío, Warihó. Autonym: Warijio. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Taracahitic, Tarahumaran.
Huastec
[hus] Veracruz state: 60 villages; San Luis Potosí state: 12 villages; Cerro Azul on southeast edge, Tepetzintla on south edge, Tantima on north edge, Santa María Ixcatepec on west edge; Amatlán Tuxpan, Galeana y Zaragoza Vieja, San Francisco Chontla, Tamiahua, and Tancoco; east of Huasteco Veracruz-Llave. Users: 169,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Tenek, Tének. Autonym: Teenek. Classification: Mayan, Huastecan, Huastec.
Huave, San Dionisio del Mar
[hve] Oaxaca state: Juchitán district, San Dionisio del Mar; southeast coast. Users: 2,550 (2005 census). Total Huave speakers: 18,800 (2020 INEGI). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Huave del Este. Autonym: Ombeyajts. Classification: Huavean.
Huave, San Francisco del Mar
[hue] Oaxaca state: Juchitán district, old and new San Francisco del Mar; southeast coast. Users: 620 (2000 census). Total Huave speakers: 18,800 (2020 INEGI). Ethnic population: 3,900 (1990 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Huave del Este. Autonym: Ombeyajts. Classification: Huavean.
Huave, San Mateo del Mar
[huv] Oaxaca state: San Mateo del Mar; southeast coast. Users: 11,000 (2005 census). Total Huave speakers: 18,800 (2020 INEGI). 1,550 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Huave del Oeste. Autonym: Ombeayiüts. Classification: Huavean.
Huave, Santa María del Mar
[hvv] Oaxaca state: Santa María del Mar; southeast coast. Users: 500 (1993 SIL). Total Huave speakers: 18,800 (2020 INEGI). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Huave del Oeste, Ombeayiüts. Classification: Huavean.
Huichol
[hch] Nayarit and Jalisco states: Cohamiata, Guadalupe Ocotán, Nayarit, San Andrés San Sebastián, Santa Catarina, and Tuxpan de Bolaños; smaller areas, Durango, southernmost tip, and western Zacatecas. Users: 60,300 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Vixaritari Vaniuqui, Vizaritari Vaniuki. Autonym: Wixárika. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Cora-Huichol.
Italian
[ita] Users: 26,000 in Mexico (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian.
Ixcatec
[ixc] Oaxaca state: Nochixtlan, Santa María Ixcatlán. Users: 9 (2009 ELDP). Only a few elderly speakers (M. Swanton). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Ixcateco. Autonym: Xwja. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan.
Jakalteko
[jac] Chiapas state: Amatenango de la Frontera municipality; Concepción Saravia near Frontera Comalapa municipality. Users: 480 in Mexico (2020 INEGI). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Abꞌxubꞌal Poptiꞌ, Jabʼ xubʼal, Jakalteko del Oeste, Jakalteko-Popti’. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Q’anjob’alan-Chujean, Q’anjob’alan, Q’anjob’al-Akateko-Jakalteko.
Japanese
[jpn] Users: 51,000 in Mexico (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Japonic.
Kanjobal, Western
[knj] Campeche, Chiapas and Quintana Roo states: Champotón, Frontera Comalapa, La Trinitaria, Othón P. Blanco. Users: 2,890 in Mexico (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Acatec, Acateco, Conob, K’anjob’al, Kanjobal de San Miguel Acatán, Kuti’. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Q’anjob’alan-Chujean, Q’anjob’alan, Q’anjob’al-Akateko-Jakalteko.
Kickapoo
[kic] Coahuila de Zaragoza state: Nacimiento de Kikapú, 40 km northeast of Muzquiz. Users: 63 in Mexico (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kicapoux, Kicapus, Kikabeeux, Kikapaux, Kikapú, Quicapause. Classification: Algic, Algonquian, Fox.
Kiliwa
[klb] Baja California state: Agua Escondida, Arroyo León, La Parra southeast of Ensenada, south of the Paipai, Tipai, and Cocopa. Users: 10 (Golla 2007). 29 (2000 INALI). No monolinguals (1993). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Kiliwi, Ko’lew, Quiligua. Classification: Cochimí-Yuman, Yuman.
Korean
[kor] Users: 11,900 in Mexico (2019 Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Koreanic.
Kumiai
[dih] Baja California state: Cañon de los Encinos, Ja’áa, La Huerta de los Indios, Rancho Nejí, San Antonio Nécua, and San José de la Zorra; mountains southeast of Tecate, 60 km east of Ensenada. Users: 290 in Mexico (2011 UNSD). No monolinguals (1993). Total users in all countries: 440. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Campo, Cochimí, Comeya, Cuchimí, Diegueño, Jamul Diegueño, Jamul Tiipay, Kamia, Kamiai, Kamiyahi, Kamiyai, Ki-Miai, Ko’al, Ku’ahl, Kumeyaai, Kumeyaay, Kumia, Kw’aal, Quemayá, Tiipay, Tipai’, Tipái, Tipéi. Classification: Cochimí-Yuman, Yuman, Delta-California.
Lacandon
[lac] Chiapas state: Betel, Lacanjá San Quintín, Lake Metzaboc, Metzaboc, Najá. Users: 770 (2020 INEGI). Ethnic population: 1,000 (2000). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Lacandón, Lakantún. Autonym: Jach-t’aan. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Yucatecan, Yucatec-Lacandon.
Mam
[mam] Chiapas state: Buenos Aires hills above Motozintla, Cacahuatán, Mazapa, Ojo de Agua near Guadalupe, outside Pacayal near La Mesilla border, and Tapachula. Users: 11,400 in Mexico (2020 INEGI). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: B’anax Mam, Qyool. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, K’ichean-Mamean, Mamean, Teco-Mam.
Matlatzinca, Atzingo
[ocu] México state: Ocuilan Municipality, San Juan Atzingo, Santa Lucía del Progreso. Users: 100 (2011 SIL). Total Matlatzinca speakers: 1,250 (2020 INEGI). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Atzinteco, Matlatzinka, Ocuiltec, Ocuilteco, Tlahuica, Tlahura. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Matlatzinca-Ocuilteco.
Matlatzinca, San Francisco
[mat] México state: San Francisco de los Ranchos. Users: 650 (2000 INALI). Total Matlatzinca speakers: 1,250 (2020 INEGI). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Bot’una, Matlatzinca, Matlatzinca de San Francisco de los Ranchos. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Matlatzinca-Ocuilteco.
Maya, Yucatec
[yua] Quintana Roo and Yucatán states; Campeche state: except west of Rio Chompan; Tabasco state. Users: 775,000 in Mexico (2020 INEGI). 58,800 monolinguals (2007). Total users in all countries: 802,520. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Maaya, Maayáa, Peninsular Maya, Yucatan Maya, Yucatec, Yucateco, Yukatek. Autonym: Maaya t’aan. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Yucatecan, Yucatec-Lacandon.
Mayo
[mfy] Sonora state: Navojoa (Huatabampo) area; Sinaloa state: Guasave, Los Mochis, Juan José Ríos, north of Guamuchil. 100 villages or more. Users: 25,000 (2019 N. Hagberg). 120 monolinguals (1995 census). Ethnic population: 100,000 (1983). Status: 8a (Moribund). Autonym: Yoreme Nokki. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Taracahitic, Cahitan.
Mazahua, Central
[maz] México state: border area; northwest Michoacán de Ocampo; Queretaro de Arteaga state: southern tip. Users: 74,000 (2000 INALI). Total Mazahua speakers: 154,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Masawa, Mazahua de oriente. Autonym: Jnatrjo. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Mazahua.
Mazahua, Michoacán
[mmc] Michoacán de Ocampo state: east of Cuidad Hidalgo. Users: 26,600 (2000 INALI). Total Mazahua speakers: 154,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mazahua de occidente. Autonym: Jnatjo. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Mazahua.
Mazatec, Ayautla
[vmy] Oaxaca state: Teotitlán district, San Bartolomé Ayautla. Users: 3,700 (2005 census). Total Mazatec speakers: 237,000 (2020 INEGI). 2,800 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mazateco del Sureste. Autonym: Enre naxinanda nguifi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Mazatec.
Mazatec, Chiquihuitlán
[maq] Oaxaca state. Users: 1,500 (2000 INALI). Total Mazatec speakers: 237,000 (2020 INEGI). 340 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mazateco de San Juan Chiquihuitlán, Mazateco del Sur. Autonym: Hne naja, Nne nangui ngaxni. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Mazatec.
Mazatec, Huautla
[mau] Oaxaca state: Huautla northeast to Presa Miguel Aleman, and Puebla. Users: 74,600 (2000 INALI). Total Mazatec speakers: 237,000 (2020 INEGI). Over 100,000 Mazatec speakers live outside the Mazatec homeland, mostly in major cities (2005 census). Probably at least half speak L1. 22,400 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Enna, Highland Mazatec, Mazateco de Huautla de Jimenez, Mazateco de la Sierra, Mazateco del Centro. Autonym: Én‑ná. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Mazatec.
Mazatec, Ixcatlán
[mzi] Oaxaca state: Chichicazapa, Nuevo Ixcatlán, and San Pedro Ixcatlán. Users: 8,590 (2000 INALI). Total Mazatec speakers: 237,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,980 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mazateco de Presa Bajo, Mazateco de San Pedro Ixcatlán. Autonym: En ningotsie. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Mazatec.
Mazatec, Jalapa de Díaz
[maj] Oaxaca and Veracruz states: 13 towns. Users: 17,500 (2000 INALI). Total Mazatec speakers: 237,000 (2020 INEGI). 4,030 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jalapa Mazatec, Lowland Mazatec, Mazateco de San Felipe Jalapa de Díaz, Mazateco del Este Bajo. Autonym: Kinꞌekꞌatiya, Ntaxjo̱. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Mazatec.
Mazatec, Mazatlán
[vmz] Oaxaca state: Teotitlán district, Mazatlán Villa de Flores in 32 towns and villages; Distrito Federal. Users: 12,000 (2000 INALI). Total Mazatec speakers: 237,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,440 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mazateco de Mazatlán Villa de Flores, Mazateco del Suroeste, ꞌíénná. Autonym: Ienra naxinandana nnandia. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Mazatec.
Mazatec, Puebla and Northeastern
[pbm] Oaxaca state: San Francisco Huehuetlán, San Lorenzo Cuaunecuiltitla, and Santa Ana Ateixlahuaca, Oaxaca; Puebla state: San Sebastian Tlacotepec, Santa María Coyomeapan, Tezonapa, Veracruz. Users: 33,800 (2016 R. Klint). Total Mazatec speakers: 237,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: An xo’boo, Mazateco de Puebla, Mazateco de Puebla y del Noroeste, ’an Xo’boó. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Mazatec.
Mazatec, San Jerónimo Tecóatl
[maa] Oaxaca state: San Antonio Eloxochitlán, San Jerónimo Tecóatl, San Lorenzo, San Lucas Zoquiapan, San Pedro Ocopetatillo, Santa Ana, and Santa Cruz Acatepec municipalities; a few in Puebla and San Sebastian Tlacotepec municipalities. 12 towns. Users: 18,900 (2000 INALI). 4,000 in state of Puebla. Total Mazatec speakers: 237,000 (2020 INEGI). 3,780 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Enna, Mazateco de San Jerónimo Tecóatl, Mazateco de Tecóatl, Mazateco del Oeste, Northern Highland Mazatec. Autonym: ꞌÉn-ná. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Mazatec.
Mazatec, Soyaltepec
[vmp] Oaxaca state: Tuxtepec district, Soyaltepec municipality, San Miguel Soyaltepec, Santa María Jacatepec and Soyaltepec island. Users: 27,500 (2000 INALI). Original Soyaltepec variety may only be 900, mostly monolingual. Total Mazatec speakers: 237,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,930 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mazateco de San Miguel Soyaltepec, Mazateco de Temascal, Mazateco del Noreste. Autonym: En naxijen. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Mazatec.
Me’phaa, Acatepec
[tpx] Guerrero state: Acatepec municipality, Acatepec, Apetzuca, Barranca Pobre, Caxitepec, El Fuereño, Escalería ZapataLlano Grande, Mezcaltepec, Tres Cruces, Xilotlancingo; Ayutla municipality, El Camlote, El Salto and Plan de Gatica; Zapotitlán municipality (and dialect), Escalería Lagunas, Huixtlazala, Zapotitlán Tablas; Atlixtac municipality, Huitzapula (and dialect); Atlixtac municipality (Teocuitlapa dialect), Caxitepec, Tonalapa, and Zoquitlán; Quechultenango municipality, El Tojoruco, Nanzintla, and Platanillo. Users: 40,200 (2005 INALI). Total Tlapaneco (Me’phaa) speakers: 147,000 (2020 INEGI). 15,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Acatepec Tlapanec, Me’pa, Me’pa Wí’ìn, Me’phaa, Me’pàà Wí’ììn, Tlapaneco de Acatepec, Tlapaneco del Suroeste, Western Tlapanec. Autonym: Meꞌpa̱a̱ Wíꞌi̱i̱n. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Tlapanec-Manguean, Tlapanec-Subtiaba, Tlapanec.
Me’phaa, Azoyú
[tpc] Guerrero state: Azoyú municipality, Macahuite, Maxmadí, Toxnene, and Zapotitlán de la Fuente. Users: 590 (2000 INALI). Total Tlapaneco (Me’phaa) speakers: 147,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Azoyú Tlapanec, Me’phaa, Mè’phàà, Tlapaneco de Azoyú, Tlapaneco del Sur. Autonym: Mè’pháà Tsìndíì. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Tlapanec-Manguean, Tlapanec-Subtiaba, Tlapanec.
Me’phaa, Malinaltepec
[tcf] Guerrero state: Acapulco municipality, San Martín del Jovero; Atlamajalcingo del Monte municipality, Huehuetepec, San Isidro Labrador and Zilacayotitlán; Iliatenco municipality, Alchipáhuac, and Aserradero, Cruztomáhuac, Iliatenco and San José Vista Hermosa; Malinaltepec municipality, Colombia de Guadalupe, El Rincón, El Tejocote, Malinaltepec, Moyotepec, Ojo de Agua, Paraje Montero, Tierra Colorada; San Luís Acatlán municipality, Pascala del Oro and Pueblo Hidalgo; Metlatónoc municipality, Francisco I. Madero, Juanacatlán and San Juan Puerto Montaña; Tlapa municipality, Las Pilas, San Pedro Acatlán and Santa María Tonaya. Users: 37,500 (2000 INALI). Total Tlapaneco (Me’phaa) speakers: 147,000 (2020 INEGI). 8,000 monolinguals (2011 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Malinaltepec Tlapanec, Me’phaa, Tlapaneco, Tlapaneco Central Bajo, Tlapaneco de Malinaltepec, Tlapaneko. Autonym: Mè’phàà Mañuwìín. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Tlapanec-Manguean, Tlapanec-Subtiaba, Tlapanec.
Me’phaa, Tlacoapa
[tpl] Guerrero state: Tlacoapa municipality, Laguna Seca, Sabana, Tenamazapa, Tlacoapa, Tlacotepec and Totomixtlahuaca. Users: 7,500 (2005 INALI). Total Tlapaneco (Me’phaa) speakers: 147,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Me’phaa, Me’phaa de Tlacoapa, Mi’phaa, Tlacoapa Tlapanec, Tlapaneco, Tlapaneco de Tlacoapa, Tlapaneco del Centro. Autonym: Meꞌpa̱a̱ Wíꞌi̱i̱n. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Tlapanec-Manguean, Tlapanec-Subtiaba, Tlapanec.
Mexican Sign Language
[mfs] Scattered, except in Yucatan Peninsula (see Yucatec Mayan Sign Language [msd]) and other rural areas. Users: 130,000 (2010 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated, assuming 0.1% of total population. Earlier estimate: 87,000–100,000 mainly monolingual users (1986 T. Smith-Stark). Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2011, Ley general para la inclusión de las personas con discapacidad (General law for the inclusion of disabled people), especially Article XXII). Alternate Names: LSM, Lengua de Señas Mexicana, Lenguaje Manual Mexicana, Lenguaje de Señas Mexicano, Lenguaje de Señas de México, Lenguaje de Signos Mexicano, Lenguaje de las Manos. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Mixe, Coatlán
[mco] Oaxaca state: Coatlán, Camotlán, Ixcuintepec, San José, and Santa Isabel. Users: 5,000 (1993 SIL). Total Mixe speakers: 140,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Southeastern Mixe. Autonym: Ayuk. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Mixean, Oaxaca Mixean, Lowland Mixe.
Mixe, Isthmus
[mir] Oaxaca state: San Juan Guichicovi municipality, Tehuantepec isthmus near Veracruz state border. 3 towns. Users: 22,500 (2000 INALI). Total Mixe speakers: 140,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ayuk, Eastern Mixe, Guichicovi Mixe, Mixe del Istmo, Mixe medio del este. Autonym: hagunaax, hayuuc. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Mixean, Oaxaca Mixean, Lowland Mixe.
Mixe, Juquila
[mxq] Oaxaca state: Ocotepec municipality, Juquila and Quetzaltepec. Users: 8,000 (2002 SIL). Total Mixe speakers: 140,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: South Central Mixe. Autonym: Ayuk. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Mixean, Oaxaca Mixean, Midland Mixe.
Mixe, Mazatlán
[mzl] Oaxaca state: 7 towns in the east. Users: 19,200 (2000). Total Mixe speakers: 140,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: East Central Mixe, Tutla Mixe. Autonym: Ayuuk. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Mixean, Oaxaca Mixean, Lowland Mixe.
Mixe, North Central
[neq] Oaxaca state: northeast Mixe district, towns including those listed as dialects. Users: 13,000 (2002 SIL). Total Mixe speakers: 140,000 (2020 INEGI). Ethnic population: 13,000 (2002 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Hayuuk, Northeastern Mixe. Autonym: Ayuuk. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Mixean, Oaxaca Mixean.
Mixe, Quetzaltepec
[pxm] Oaxaca state: northeast Mixe district. Users: 8,090 (2000 INALI). Total Mixe speakers: 140,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Central Mixe, Chuxnabán Mixe, Midland Mixe, Mixe Alto del Sur. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Mixean, Oaxaca Mixean.
Mixe, Tlahuitoltepec
[mxp] Oaxaca state: Albarradas Zapoteco area. 3 towns. Users: 16,800 (2000 INALI). Total Mixe speakers: 140,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixe Alto del Centro, West Central Mixe. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Mixean, Oaxaca Mixean, South Highland Mixe.
Mixe, Totontepec
[mto] Oaxaca state: north of Zacatepec, 10 towns. Users: 5,470 (2000 INALI). Total Mixe speakers: 140,000 (2020 INEGI). 870 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mixe Alto del Norte, Northwestern Mixe. Autonym: Ayuk. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Mixean, Oaxaca Mixean.
Mixtec, Alacatlatzala
[mim] Guerrero state: Alacatlatzala, Cahuatache, Cuautipa, Cuba Libre, Jilotepec, Ocuapa, and Potoichan, Quiahuitlatlatzala, San Isidro Labrador, Tenaztalcingo, Tepecocatlán, Tototepec, Xonacatlán, and Zacatipa towns; across western border, into Oaxaca state. Users: 30,000 (2011 SIL). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 18,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Central Misteko, Highland Guerrero Mixtec, Mixteco de Alacatlatzala, Tu’un savi. Autonym: To’on savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Alcozauca
[xta] Guerrero: near Metlatónoc, 14 villages; Oaxaca state: south of San Mateo Neyapan. Users: 10,000 (1994 SIL). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 4,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Alocozauca, Mixteco de Xochapa. Autonym: Tu̱’un sâvi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Amoltepec
[mbz] Oaxaca state: Santiago Amoltepec municipality, Sola de Vega district, Barranca Oscura, Colonia de Jesús, El Armadillo, El Cocal, El Laurel, El Mamey, El Zapote, La Mesilla, La Tortuga, Las Cuevas, Llano Conejo and Llano Tigre. 20 villages. Users: 5,630 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 500 monolinguals (2005 census). Ethnic population: 12,000. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Amoltepec, Western Sola de Vega Mixtec. Autonym: Tnu’u Ñuu Savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Apasco-Apoala
[mip] Oaxaca state: Jocotipac, Nduayaco, San Miguel Chicahua, San Miguel Huautla, Santa María Apasco and other towns. Users: 10,000 (1990 SIL). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,000 monolinguals (1990). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Apasco Mixtec, Apoala Mixtec, Mixteco de Santiago Apoala, Mixteco del Noreste, Northern Nochixtlán Mixtec. Autonym: Da’an davi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Atatlahuca
[mib] Oaxaca state: San Esteban Atatlahuca and Santa Catarina Yosonotú towns. Users: 8,300 (1995 census). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 440 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Esteban Atatlahuca, Mixteco del Sur Medio, San Esteban Atatlahuca Mixteco, Sasavú, South Central Tlaxiaco Mixtec, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Ayutla
[miy] Guerrero state: Ayutla and scattered in about 30 mountain towns. Users: 11,600 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 3,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Coastal Guerrero Mixtec, Libres Mixtec, Mixteco de Ayutla, Mixteco de Ayutla de los Libres, Tu’un savi. Autonym: Tu̱n savi̱ꞌ Tu̱tyoo̱ꞌ. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Cacaloxtepec
[miu] Oaxaca state: Santiago Cacaloxtepec town. Users: 460 (2005 census). 100 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,250. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Huajuapan Mixtec, Mixteco de Cacaloxtepec, Mixteco del Oeste Alto, Tu’un davi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Chayuco
[mih] Oaxaca state: Saint Catarina Mechoacán and San Agustín Chayuco municipalities. Users: 10,000 (1990 SIL). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 950 monolinguals. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Eastern Jamiltepec-Chayuco Mixtec, Mixteco de Chayucu, Mixteco de Oaxaca de la Costa Central, Tu’un savi. Autonym: Tuhun savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Chazumba
[xtb] Oaxaca state: Santiago Chazumba municipality and town, San Pedro y San Pablo Tequixtepec; Puebla state: Petlalcingo, Santa Gertrudis Cosoltepec, Totoltepec de Guerrero and Zapotitlán villages. Users: 3,790 (2000 INALI). 30 monolinguals. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Da’an davi, Mixteco de Chazumba, Mixteco de la Frontera Puebla-Oaxaca, Northern Oaxaca Mixtec. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Chigmecatitlán
[mii] Puebla state: Santa Catarina Tlaltempan and Santa María Chigmecatitlán south of Puebla City. Users: 1,350 (2010 INEGI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 160 monolinguals (2010 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Central Puebla Mixtec, Da’an davi, De’e dau, Dehe dau, Mixteco de Santa María Chigmecatitlán, Mixteco del Suroeste de Puebla. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Coatzospan
[miz] Oaxaca state: San Juan Coatzóspan. Users: 2,090 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 300 monolinguals (2005 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Coatzóspan, Mixteco de San Juan Coatzospan, Teotitlán Mixtec, Tuhun davi. Autonym: Tu’un davi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Cuyamecalco
[xtu] Oaxaca state: Cuicatlán district, Cuyamecalco, San Miguel Santa Flor, and Santa Ana Cuauhtémoc. Users: 1,880 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 70 monolinguals in San Miguel. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Cuicatlán Mixtec, Mixteco de Cañada central, Mixteco de Cuyamecalco, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Diuxi-Tilantongo
[xtd] Oaxaca state: Diuxi and Tilantongo areas, 20 towns or villages. Mexico City, Oaxaca City and Puebla City. Users: 3,410 (2000 INALI), decreasing. Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). In rapid decline due to migration to the United States. 150 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Central Nochistlán Mixtec, Mixteco de Diuxi-Tilantongo, Mixteco de San Juan Diuxi y Santiago Tilantongo, Mixteco del Este Central, Tnu’un dau. Autonym: Tnuꞌu ñudau. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Huitepec
[mxs] Oaxaca state: Huitepec municipality, San Antonio Huitepec, San Francisco Yucucundo and Santiago Huajolotipac. Baja California state: near Ensenada. Users: 2,400 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 200 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Huitepec, Mixteco de San Antonio Huitepec, Mixteco de Zaachila, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Itundujia
[mce] Oaxaca state: Putla district, Guerrero and Morelos villages southwest of Yosondúa, southeast of Putla. Users: 850 (2000 INALI). 17 monolinguals (2005 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Eastern Putla Mixtec, Mixteco de Santa Cruz Itundujia, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Ixtayutla
[vmj] Oaxaca state: Jamiltepec district, Carasul, El Carasol, El Huamuche, El Mosco, Frutillo, Ixtayutla, La Humedad, Las Limas, Llano Escondido, Llano Verde, Macahuite, Nuyuku, Olintepec, Pueblo Viejo, San Lucas, Santiago Ixtayutla, Xiniyuba, Yomuche, Yucuyá. Users: 6,380 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 3,800 monolinguals (2005 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Ixtayutla, Mixteco de Santiago Ixtayutla, Northeastern Jamiltepec Mixtec. Autonym: Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Jamiltepec
[mxt] Oaxaca state: San Andrés Huaxtaltepec, Santa Elena Comaltepec, Santa María Huazolotitlán, Santiago Jamiltepec, Santiago Tetepec. Users: 9,760 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,300 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eastern Jamiltepec-San Cristobal Mixtec, Mixteco de Jamiltepec, Mixteco de Oaxaca de Costa Central Baja, Mixteco de Santa María Huazolotitlán, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Juxtlahuaca
[vmc] Oaxaca state: San Martin Duraznos, San Miguel Tlacotepec, San Sebastián Tecomaxtlahuaca, Santa María Tindú, and Santa María Yucunicoco, central Santiago Juxtlahuaca, Santos Reyes Tepejillo; Baja California state: San Quintín valley. Users: 16,000 (1990 census). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 5,500 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Central Juxtlahuaca Mixtec, Mixteco de Juxtlahuaca, Mixteco del Oeste Alto, Tu’un davi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Magdalena Peñasco
[xtm] Oaxaca state: Tlaxiaco district, San Agustín Tlacotepec, San Cristobal Amoltepec, San Mateo Peñasco, and Santa María Magdalena Peñasco municipalities. Users: 7,350 (2005 census). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,170 monolinguals (2000 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mixteco Central, Peñasco Mixtec, Tu’un savi. Autonym: Sa’an Ñuu Savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Metlatónoc
[mxv] Guerrero state: Cochoapa and Tlacoachistlahuaca municipalities, Metlatónoc, San Rafael, and towns south. Users: 46,600 (2000). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). Many monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Guerrero Mixteco, Isavi, Mixteco de Chochoapa, Mixteco de Guerrero del Este Medio, Mixteco de Metlatónoc, Tu’un isasi, Tu’un isavi. Autonym: Tu’un Sávi, Tuꞌun Savi de Metlatónoc y Cochoapa el Grande. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Mitlatongo
[vmm] Oaxaca state: Nochixtlán, Santa Cruz Mitlatongo, and Santiago Mitlatongo. Users: 1,800 (2011 SIL). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Mitlatongo, Tu’un lavi. Autonym: Jnu’u lavi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Mixtepec
[mix] Oaxaca state: San Juan Mixtepec, Tlaxiaco (district head); Baja California state: San Quintín valley. Users: 9,170 in Mexico (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 2,500–3,000 located in Tlaxiaco (district head). 2,600 monolinguals (1990 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eastern Juxtlahuaca Mixtec, Mixteco de Mixtepec, Mixteco de Oeste Central, Mixteco de San Juan Mixtepec, Sa’an ntavi, Sahan lin savi, San Juan Mixtepec, Saꞌan Ntavi Xnuviko. Autonym: Sa’an Savi Snuviko, Sa’an savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Northern Tlaxiaco
[xtn] Oaxaca state: Teposcolula district, San Antonino Monte Verde and San Sebastián Nicananduta municipalities; Tlaxiaco district, San Juan Ñumí and Santiago Nundichi municipalities. Users: 5,790 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,600 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Juan Ñumí, Mixteco de Ñumi, Mixteco del Norte de Tlaxiaco, Sa’an nda’u, Sa’an sau, Ñumí Mixtec. Autonym: Sa’an savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Northwest Oaxaca
[mxa] Oaxaca state: Guadalupe Portezuelo, San Simón Zahuatlán, and Santos Reyes Yucuná. Users: 5,430 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Yucuná, Mixteco del Noroeste, Mixteco del Noroeste de Oaxaca, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Ocotepec
[mie] Oaxaca state: west central. Users: 6,170 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 600 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Santo Tomás Ocotepec, Mixteco de Sierra Sur Noroeste, Ocotepec Mixtec, Santo Tomás Ocotepec Mixtec, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Peñoles
[mil] Oaxaca state: Santa María Peñoles municipality, Cholula, Huazolotipac, and Monteflor agencies. Users: 5,500 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Eastern Mixtec, Mixteco de Santa María Peñoles, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Pinotepa Nacional
[mio] Oaxaca state: Jamiltepec district, Pinotepa de Don Luis, San Antonio Tepetlapa, San Francisco Sayultepec, San Juan Atoyac, San Juan Cacahuatepec, San Juan Jicayán, San Miguel Tlacamama, San Pedro Jicayán, San Pedro Tulixtlahuaca, San Sebastian Ixcapa, Santa Cruz Itacuán, Santa María Jicaltepec, Santiago Pinotepa Nacional, and Tulixtlahuaca. Users: 20,000 (1990 census). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 2,200 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Coastal Mixtec, Jicaltepec Mixtec, Lowland Jicaltepec Mixtec, Mechoacán Mixtec, Mixteco de Oaxaca de la Costa Oeste Central, Mixteco de Pinotepa Nacional, Mixteco del Oeste de la Costa, Se’en savi, Western Jamiltepec Mixtec. Autonym: Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, San Juan Colorado
[mjc] Oaxaca state: San Juan Colorado and San Pedro Atoyac in coastal area. Users: 5,580 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,890 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Oaxaca de la Costa Noroeste, Mixteco de San Juan Colorado. Autonym: Tu’un sav. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, San Juan Teita
[xtj] Oaxaca state: Tlaxiaco district, San Juan Teita town. Users: 370 (2000 INALI). 35 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Juan Teita, Teita Mixtec. Autonym: Dañudavi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, San Miguel el Grande
[mig] Oaxaca state: Chalcatongo. Users: 6,000 (2005 census). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 330 monolinguals. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chalcatongo Mixtec, Mixteco de San Pedro Molinos, Mixteco del Sur Bajo, Sahin sau. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, San Miguel Piedras
[xtp] Oaxaca state: Nochixtlán district. Users: 240 (2000 INALI). Ethnic population: 1,120 (1990 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Miguel Piedras, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Santa Lucía Monteverde
[mdv] Oaxaca state: Putla district, mostly Agua del Toro and Ocotlán. Users: 5,330 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 480 monolinguals. Mostly in Agua del Toro and Ocotlán. Ethnic population: 6,000 (1995 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Santa Lucía Monteverde, Mixteco de Yosonotú. Autonym: Sasau. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Santa María Zacatepec
[mza] Oaxaca state: Atotonilco, Las Palmas, Nejapa, Rancho de la Virgen, San Juan Viejo, San Miguel, and Tapanco towns. Users: 2,570 (2005 census). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 510 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Santa María Zacatepec, Mixteco de Sierra Sur Oeste, Southern Putla Mixtec, Zacatepec Mixtec, “Tacuate” (pej.). Autonym: Tu’un va’a. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Silacayoapan
[mks] Oaxaca state: San Jorge Nuchita, Santo Domingo Tonala, and Tijuana. Users: 18,700 (2000). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,500 monolinguals (1990 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Santo Domingo Tonalá, Mixteco del Oeste Alto, To’on nda’vi, Tu’un davi. Autonym: Tu̱hun ndáhví. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Sindihui
[xts] Oaxaca state: Sindihui municipality. Users: 34 (2005 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Sinicahua
[xti] Oaxaca state: Tlaxiaco district, Sinicahua municipality, San Antonio Sinicahua and Siniyucu. Users: 1,110 (2005 census). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 150 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Antonio Sinicahua. Autonym: Tnu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Southeastern Nochixtlán
[mxy] Oaxaca state: Nochixtlán district, El Oro, La Herradura, La Paz, La Unión Zaragoza, Ojo de Agua Nuxaá, Reforma, San Andrés Nuxiño, Santa Inés de Zaragoza, and Santo Domingo Nuxaá. Users: 4,200 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 180 monolinguals. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Santo Domingo Nuxaá, Mixteco del Este, Mixteco del Sureste de Nochixtlán, Nuxaá Mixtec. Autonym: Tu’un davi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Southern Puebla
[mit] Oaxaca state: Zapotitlán Palmas municipality; Puebla state: Acatlán, Petlalcingo, San Jerónimo Xayacatlán, and Xayacatlán de Bravo municipalities. Users: 3,180 (2010 INEGI). 150 monolinguals (2010). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Acatlán Mixtec, Dahan davi, Mixteco de la Frontera Puebla-Oaxaca, Mixteco del Sur de Puebla, Mixteco del Suroeste de Puebla, Xayacatlán de Bravo. Autonym: Da’an davi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Southwestern Tlaxiaco
[meh] Oaxaca state. Users: 7,340 (2000 census). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Santiago Nuyoo, Mixteco del Suroeste, Mixteco del Suroeste de Tlaxiaco, Mixteco del suroeste del distrito de Tlaxiaco, Nuyoo Mixtec, Southeastern Ocotepec Mixtec, Tu’un savi. Autonym: Tu̱ꞌun káꞌánꞌ kájí. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Soyaltepec
[vmq] Oaxaca state: Teposcolula district, Guadalupe Gabilera and San Bartolo Soyaltepec villages. Users: 220 (2000 INALI). Ethnic population: 930 (1990 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Bartolo Soyaltepec, Mixteco del Noreste Bajo, San Bartolo Soyaltepec, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Tacahua
[xtt] Oaxaca state: Tlaxiaco district, southeast of San Miguel el Grande, east of Yosondúa. Users: 390 (2005 census). 60 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Santa Cruz Tacahua, Mixteco del Sur Medio, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Tamazola
[vmx] Oaxaca state: Nochixtlán and San Juan Tamazola. Users: 1,550 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 30 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Juan Tamazola, Tnu’un davi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Tezoatlán
[mxb] Oaxaca state: Tezoatlán area, San Andrés Yutatío, San Isidro de Zaragoza, San Juan Diquiyú, San Marcos de Garzón, San Martín del Río, San Valentín de Gomez, Santa Catarina Yotandú, Yucuñuti de Benito Juárez, and Yucuquimi de Ocampo. Users: 5,080 (2005 census). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 670 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Tezoatlán de Segura y Luna, Mixteco del Municipio de Tezoatlán, Mixteco del Noroeste Central Alto, Mixteco del Noroeste Central Bajo, Mixteco del Noroeste Medio, Mixteco del Oeste Alto, Tu’un davi, Tu’un djavi, Tu’un javi, Tu’un nda’i. Autonym: To̱ꞌon nda’í. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Tidaá
[mtx] Oaxaca state. Users: 380 (2000 INALI). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 900 (1990 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Pedro Tidaá, Mixteco de Tidaá, North Central Nochixtlán Mixtec, Tnu’un dawi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Tijaltepec
[xtl] Oaxaca state: Tlaxiaco district, San Pablo Tijaltepec, and Santa María Yosoyúa towns. Users: 3,250 (2005 census). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 420 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Pablo Tijaltepec, Mixteco de Santa María Yosoyúa, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Tlazoyaltepec
[mqh] Oaxaca state: Santiago Tlazoyaltepec municipality; Baja California state: Maneadero area south of Ensenada. Users: 6,030 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco Bajo de Valles, Mixteco de Santiago Tlazoyaltepec, Tu’un dau. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Tututepec
[mtu] Oaxaca state: San Pedro Tututepec, Santa Cruz Tututepec, Santa María Acatepec, and other towns. Users: 1,020 (2000 INALI). Ethnic population: 30,000 (1990 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Pedro Tututepec, Mixteco de Villa de Tututepec, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Western Juxtlahuaca
[jmx] Oaxaca, San Martín Peras and Río Frijol; Guerrero, Santa Cruz Yucucani, and San José Yoxocaño municipalities, Malvabisco, Rancho Limón, Río Aguacate, Boca de Mamey, Oaxaca-Guerrero border due west of Juxtlahuaca; Baja California, and Mexico (San Quintin valley, Maneadero, Tijuana, San Antonio de las Minas). Users: 20,000 (2005 census). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 9,000 monolinguals (2005 census). Coicoyan Municipality: 3,520 monolinguals (2005). San Martin Peras Municipality: 4,820 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Coicoyán Mixtec, Mixteco del Oeste Alto, Mixteco del Oeste de Juxtlahuaca, Tu̱’un davi, Tu̱’un savi. Autonym: Tu̱’un-yó. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Yoloxóchitl
[xty] Guerrero state: San Luís Acatlán municipality, Cuanacastitlán and Yoloxóchitl, south of Tlapa, halfway between the Metlatónoc and Ayutla Mixtec. Users: 10,600 (2000 INALI). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Luis Acatlán, Mixteco de Yoloxóchitl, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Yosondúa
[mpm] Oaxaca state. Users: 2,000 (2010 SIL). Total Mixtec speakers: 527,000 (2020 INEGI). 60 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Santiago Yosondúa, Mixteco de Yosondúa, Sa’an sau, Southern Tlaxiaco Mixtec. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Yucuañe
[mvg] Oaxaca state: northeast Tlaxiaco district, San Bartolomé Yucuañe. Many work in Mexico City and the United States. Users: 710 (2000 INALI). 90 monolinguals. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Mixteco de San Bartolomé Yucuañe, Mixteco del Sureste Central, Tnu’u savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mixtec, Yutanduchi
[mab] Oaxaca state: Nochixtlán district, Yutanduchi de Guerrero. Users: 960 (2000 INALI). 8 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mixteco de Yutanduchi, Mixteco de Yutanduchi de Guerrero, Southern Nochixtlan Mixtec, Tu’un savi. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Mixtec.
Mocho
[mhc] Chiapas state: Motozintla and Tuzantán on Guatemala-Mexico border. Users: 130 (2020 INEGI). No monolinguals. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Motocintleco, Motozintleco, Qato’k. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Q’anjob’alan-Chujean, Q’anjob’alan.
Nahuatl, Central
[nhn] Tlaxcala and Puebla states. Users: 40,000 (1980 census). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,000 monolinguals (1990 census). Ethnic population: 63,000 (1986). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Central Aztec, Nawa, Náhuatl del Centro, Tlaxcala-Puebla Nahuatl. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Central Huasteca
[nch] Hidalgo state: Platon Sanchez border area west of Cototlan and Veracruz-Llave; possibly San Louis Potosi. Users: 196,000 (2000 INALI). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mexicano, Mexicano de la Huasteca Hidalguense, Náhuat, Náhuat de la Huasteca Central, Náhuatl, Náhuatl de la Huasteca. Autonym: Nāhuatlahtōlli. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Central Puebla
[ncx] Atoyatempan, Huatlathauca, and Huehuetlán near Molcaxac, south of Puebla city, Teopantlán, Tepatlaxco de Hidalgo, Tochimilco. Users: 16,000 (1998 SIL). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,430 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Central Puebla Aztec, Náhuatl del Suroeste de Puebla, Southwestern Puebla Nahuatl. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Coatepec
[naz] Mexico state: Acapetlahuaya, Chilacachapa, Coatepec Costales, Guerrero, Los Sabinos, Machito de las Flores, Maxela, Miacacsingo, Texcalco, Tlacultlapa, Tonalapa. Users: 1,400 (1990 census). 15 monolinguals. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Coatepec Aztec, Mexicano, Mexicano de Guerrero, Náhuatl de Coatepec. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Eastern Durango
[azd] Durango state: Mezquital municipality, Agua Caliente, Agua Fria, La Tinaja, and San Pedro Jicora; Nayarit state: Del Nayer municipality. Users: 400 (2011 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Eastern Durango Aztec, Meshikan del Este, Mexicanero del Este, Nahuat del Este de Durango. Autonym: Meshikan de San Pedro Shikora. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Eastern Huasteca
[nhe] Hidalgo state; Puebla state: Fransico Z. Mena municipality; Veracruz state: interior west of Tuxpan. 1500 villages. Users: 410,000 (1991 SIL). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Eastern Huasteca Aztec, Huasteca Nahuatl, Mexicano, Náhuatl de Hidalgo, Náhuatl de la Huasteca Oriental, nāhuatlahtōlli. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Guerrero
[ngu] Ahuacuotzingo, Alcozauca de Guerrero, Alpoyeca, Atenango del Río, Atlixtac, Ayutla de los Libres, Chiulapa de Álvarez, Comonfort, Copalillo, Cualác, Huamuxtitlán, Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Mártir de Cuilapan, Mochitlán, Olinalá, Quechultenango, Tepecoacuilco de Trujano, Tixtla de Guerrero, Tlapa de Xalpatláhuac, Xochihuehuetlán, Zapotitlan Tablas, and Zitlala municipalities, Balsas river area. Users: 125,000 (2000 INALI). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Guerrero Aztec, Mexicano, Mexicano de Guerrero, Nawatlajtoli, Náhuatl de Guerrero, Xalitla Nahuatl. Autonym: Nauatlajtojli. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Highland Puebla
[azz] Puebla state: near Jopala; Veracruz state: south of Entabladero. Users: 125,000 (1983). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mejicano, Mejicano de Zacapoaxtla, Mexicano, Mexicano tlajtol, Nahuatlahtolli, Nauta, Náhuatl de la Sierra Noreste de Puebla, Náhuatl de la Sierra de Puebla, Sierra Aztec, Sierra Puebla Náhuatl, Sierra de Zacapoaxtla Nahuatl, Zacapoaxtla Náhuat. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Huaxcaleca
[nhq] Veracruz state: inland area surrounding Cordoba. Users: 7,000 (1990 census). 55 monolinguals. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Huaxcaleca Aztec, Mexicano, Nahuatlahtolli, Náhuatl de Chichiquila. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Isthmus-Cosoleacaque
[nhk] Veracruz-Llave, from Jáltipan de Morelos southeast to Rio Chiquito, north bank; other communities Cosoleacaque, Oteapan, Hidalgotitlán, and Soconusco. Users: 5,140 (1990 census). 10 monolinguals. Most monolinguals are older adults. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Cosoleacaque Aztec, Náhuatl, Náhuatl del Istmo, Náhuatl del Istmo-Cosoleacaque. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Isthmus-Mecayapan
[nhx] Veracruz state: Mecayapan municipality, Mecayapan and Tatahuicapan towns. Users: 26,600 (2000 INALI). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Isthmus Aztec-Mecayapan, Isthmus Nahuat, Isthmus Nahuatl, Mecayapan Isthmus Nahuatl, Mejicano del Istmo, Mexicano, Nahuatl del Istmo, Náhuat de Mecayapan, Náhuatl, Náhuatl sur de Veracruz, Tatahuicapan Nahuatl. Autonym: Melaꞌtájto̱l. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Isthmus-Pajapan
[nhp] Veracruz state: Pajapan municipality on Gulf of Mexico, Jicacal, San Juan Volador, Santanón, and Sayultepec towns. Users: 6,800 (2000 INALI). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). 500 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nahuatl del Istmo bajo, Náhuat de Pajapan, Náhuatl, Náhuatl del Istmo, Pajapan Nahuatl. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Michoacán
[ncl] Michoacán de Ocampo state: Maruata Pómaro on Pacific ocean coast. Users: 3,000 (1990 census). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mexicano, Michoacan Aztec, Nahuatl de Michoacán. Autonym: Gente natural. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Morelos
[nhm] Morelos state: Miacatlán municipality, Coatetelco; Puente de Ixtla municipality, Xoxocotla; Temixco municipality, Cuentepec; Tepoztlán municipality, Santa Catarina; Tetela del Volcán municipality, Hueyapan, Alpanocan; Puebla state: Acteopan municipality, San Marcos Acteopan and San Felipe Toctla. Users: 18,700 (2000 census). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). 300 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mexicano, Mexicano de Temixco, Náhuatl de Cuentepec. Autonym: Ika mejikano, Ika nauatl. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Northern Oaxaca
[nhy] Oaxaca state: Apixtepec, Cosolapa, El Manzano de Mazatlán, San Antonio Nanahuatipan, San Gabriel Casa Blanca, San Martín Toxpalan, Santa María Teopoxco, Teotitlán del Camino; Ignacio Zaragosa, and Tesonapa (1 of the last 2 towns in Veracruz); Puebla state: Coxcatlán. Users: 8,130 (2000 INALI). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,400 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mexicano, Nahuatl de Oaxaca, Náhuatl, Náhuatl del Norte de Oaxaca. Autonym: Nāhuatlahtōlli. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Northern Puebla
[ncj] Puebla state: Naupan. Users: 60,000 (1990 census). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Maseual tla’tol, North Puebla Aztec, North Puebla Sierra Nahuatl, Náhuatl del Noroeste Central, Náhuatl del Norte de Puebla. Autonym: Mexicatl. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Ometepec
[nht] Guerrero state: Acatepec, Arcelia, El Carmen, Quetzalapa de Azoyú, and Rancho de Cuananchinicha; Oaxaca state: Juxtlahuaca district, Cruz Alta and San Vicente Piñas; Putla district, Concepción Guerrero. Users: 430 (1990 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Ometepec Aztec. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Orizaba
[nlv] Veracruz state: Orizaba; Puebla state: north of Miguel Aleman reservoir; Oaxaca state: small area northwest of Acatlan. Users: 120,000 (1991 SIL). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mexicano, Nahuatl, Nawatl de Orizaba, Náhuatl Central de Veracruz, Náhuatl de Orizaba, Náhuatl de la Sierra de Zongolica, Orizaba Aztec, Āwillisāpan Nāwatl. Autonym: Nawatl. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Santa María la Alta
[nhz] Puebla state: Atenayuca, Santa María la Alta; a few northwest of Tehuacán. Users: 2,470 (2000). 9 monolinguals. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Mexicano, Náhuatl, Náhuatl de Santa María la Alta, Náhuatl de la Sierra Negra Norte. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Sierra Negra
[nsu] Puebla state: 13 towns in south. Users: 25,000 (2006 SIL). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). 16,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mexicano, Mexicatl, Náhuatl de la Sierra Negra, Náhuatl de la Sierra Negra Norte, Totlajtol tlen ik titlapovah Alcomunga. Autonym: Nahuatl, Nahuatlajtoli. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Southeastern Puebla
[npl] Puebla state: Tehuacán region, Chilac and San Sebastián Zinacatepec areas. Users: 92,000 (1991 SIL). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mexicano, Náhuatl, Náhuatl de la Sierra Negra Sur, Náhuatl del Sureste de Puebla, Náhuatl del Valle de Tehuacán, Tehuacán Náhuatl. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Tabasco
[nhc] Tabasco state: Comalcalco municipality, La Lagartera and Paso de Cupilco. Users: 30 (2014 M. Hansen). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Mexicano, Mexicano del Oriente, Tabasco Aztec. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Temascaltepec
[nhv] México state: La Comunidad, Potrero de San José, San Mateo Almomoloa, and Santa Ana, southwest of Toluca. Users: 310 (1990 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Almomoloa Náhuatl, Mexicano, Mexicano del Centro Bajo, San Mateo Almomoloa, Temascaltepec Aztec, Temazcaltepēc nāhuatlahtōlli. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Tetelcingo
[nhg] Morelos state: Tetelcingo. Users: 3,500 (1990 census). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Tetelcingo Aztec. Autonym: Mösiehuali̱. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Tlamacazapa
[nuz] Guerrero state: border area northeast of Taxco; Morelos state: west of Tequesquitengo lake. Users: 1,550 (1990 census). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). 10 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mexicano, Mexicano de Guerrero. Autonym: Nawatlajtoli. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Western Durango
[azn] Durango state: Mezquital municipality, Alacranes, Curachitos de Buenavista, San Agustin de Buenaventura, San Diego, Tepalcates, and Tepetates II (Berenjenas); Nayarit state: Acaponeta municipality, El Duraznito, La Laguna, Mesa de las Arpas, and Santa Cruz. Users: 900 (2011 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Meshikan del occidente, Mexicanero del occidente, Nahuat del Occidente en Durango y Nayarit, Western Durango Aztec. Autonym: Meshikan de San Agustin Buenaventura y de Santa Cruz. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Western Huasteca
[nhw] San Luis Potosí state: Tamazunchale center; Hidalgo state: Chapulhuacan, Lolotla, Pisaflores, portions of San Felipe Orizatlan, Tepehuacan de Gerrero, and Tlanchinol municipalities. 1,500 villages. Users: 400,000 (1991 SIL). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mexicano, Náhuatl, Náhuatl de Tamazunchale, Náhuatl de la Huasteca Occidental, Western Huasteca Aztec, nāhuatlahtōlli. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Nahuatl, Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla
[nhi] Ahuacatlán, Chachayohquila, Cuacuila, Cuacuilco, Cualtepec Ixquihuacán, San Miguel Tenango, Santa Catarina Omitlán, Tenantitla, Tepetzintla, Tetelancingo, Tlalitzlipa, Xochitlaxco, Xonotla, Yehuala, Zacatlán north of Puebla City, Zoquitla. Users: 17,100 (2007 SIL). Total Nahuatl speakers: 1,650,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ahuacatlán and Tepetzintla, Aztec of Zacatlán, Masehual tla’tol, Mejicano, Mexicano, Mexicanohtlahtol, Náhuatl de la Sierra Oeste de Puebla, Tenango Nahuatl. Autonym: Mehcanohtlahtol, Mehcanohtlahtol de Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán uan Tepetzintla. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Corachol-Aztecan, Core Nahua, Nahuatl.
Opata
[opt] Sonora state: Arivechi, Bacanora, Nacori, Onavas, Sahuaripa, Suaqui. Tecoripa is the traditional area. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speaker probably died by 1940 (Mason 1940). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Dohema, Eudeve, Heve, Teguima. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Taracahitic, Opatan.
Otomi, Eastern Highland
[otm] Hidalgo state: Huehuetla, Otomi de la Sierra Baja, Otomi-Tepehua, and San Bartolo Tutotepec municipalities; Puebla state: Pahuatlan, Pantepec, Tlacuilotepec, Tlaxco municipalities; Veracruz state: Ixhuatlan de Madero and Tlachichilco municipalities. Users: 49,300 (2007). Total Otomí speakers: 299,000 (2020 INEGI). 4,700 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Eastern Otomi, Otomí de Huehuetla, Otomí de la Sierra, Otomí de la Sierra Madre Oriental, Otomí de la Sierra Oriental, Otomí del Oriente, Sierra Oriental Otomi, Sierra Otomi, Yųhų, Yuhu. Autonym: Nyuhu. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Otomi.
Otomí, Estado de México
[ots] México state: Chapa de Mota, San Bartolo Morelos, San Felipe Santiago, and Santa Clara de Juarez. Users: 20,000 (2010 SIL). Total Otomí speakers: 299,000 (2020 INEGI). 440 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Otomí de San Felipe Santiago, Otomí del Estado de México, State of Mexico Otomi. Autonym: Hñatho. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Otomi.
Otomi, Ixtenco
[otz] Tlaxcala state: El Carmen Tequexquitla municipality, dialect San Juan Bautista Ixtenco; Puebla state: Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza, Tepeaca, and Teptlaxco municipalities. Users: 460 (2000 INALI). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 5,360 (1990 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Otomí de Ixtenco, Southeastern Otomí, Yühmu. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Otomi.
Otomi, Mezquital
[ote] Hidalgo state: Mezquital valley; México state: north border. Users: 88,500 (2000 INALI). Total Otomí speakers: 299,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Otomí del Valle del Mezquital. Autonym: Hñahñu. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Otomi.
Otomi, Querétaro
[otq] Queretaro de Arteaga, Amealco municipalilty, San Ildefonso and Santiago Mexquititlán; Michoacán de Ocampo, Las Delores area; México, Acambay municipality; southeast Guanajuato, small border area. Users: 33,000 (1990 census). Total Otomí speakers: 299,000 (2020 INEGI). 1,900 monolinguals (1990). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Northwestern Otomi, Otomí de Querétaro, Santiago Mexquititlán Otomi, Western Otomi, hñohño. Autonym: ñhöñhö. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Otomi.
Otomi, Temoaya
[ott] México state: Temoyaya municipality, Enthavi, Jiquipilco el Viejo, San Pedro Abajo, San Pedro Arriba, Solalpan. 16 communities. Users: 37,000 (1990 census). Total Otomí speakers: 299,000 (2020 INEGI). 850 monolinguals. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Otomi of San Andrés Cuexcontitlan, Toluca Otomi. Autonym: Ñatho. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Otomi.
Otomi, Tenango
[otn] Hidalgo, Puebla, and San Nicolás. Users: 10,000 (1990 census). Total Otomí speakers: 299,000 (2020 INEGI). 2,200 monolinguals (1990). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Otomi, Otomí de Tenango. Autonym: Ñųhų. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Otomi.
Otomi, Texcatepec
[otx] Veracruz state: Texcatepec municipality, Ayotuxtla, Texcatepec, Tzicatlán; Zontecomatlán municipality, Amajac and Hueytepec. Users: 12,000 (1990 census). Total Otomí speakers: 299,000 (2020 INEGI). 3,000 monolinguals. 25% of monolinguals are 5 to 9 years old. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Northeastern Otomi, Otomí de Texcatepec. Autonym: Ñųhų. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Otomi.
Otomi, Tilapa
[otl] México state: Santiago Tilapa, between Mexico City and Toluca. Users: 290 (2000 INALI). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Otomi.
Paipai
[ppi] Baja California state: Ensenada, south of Diegueño [dih] language area; Estado Valle de la Trinidad, La Palmita, Los Pocitos in Valle de la Trinidad, Rancho Aguascalientes, and Santa Catarina. Users: 100 (Golla 2007). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Akwa’ala, Jaspuy pai. Classification: Cochimí-Yuman, Yuman, Pai.
Pame, Central
[pbs] El Madrono area, Queretaro de Arteaga; San Luis Potosí state: Lagunillas, Santa Catarina, and Santa María Acapulco. Users: 7,370 (2000 INALI). Total Pame speakers: 11,900 (2020 INEGI). There are monolingual Pame speaking children in about 30 villages. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chichimeca, Pame de Santa María Acapulco, Pame del Centro, Southern Pame. Autonym: Xi’oi. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Pame.
Pame, Northern
[pmq] San Luis Potosí state: Alaquines, Ciudad del Maíz, Rayón, Tamasopo municipalities. Users: 340 (2000 INALI). Total Pame speakers: 11,900 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Pame del Norte. Autonym: Xi’iuy. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Pame.
Pame, Southern
[pmz] México state: Jiliapan area; possibly Hidalgo state. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died by the 1960s (Manrique 1967). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Pame, Pamean, South Pame. Classification: Otomanguean, Western Otomanguean, Oto-Pame-Chinantecan, Oto-Pamean, Pame.
Pima Bajo
[pia] Sonora-Chihuahua states border, scattered. Users: 1,040 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lower Piman, Mountain Pima, Névome. Autonym: Oob No’ok. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Pimic.
Plautdietsch
[pdt] Campeche state: Chávez, Progreso, Yalnon; Chihuahua state: Buenos Aires, Capulín, Cuauhtemoc, Virginias; Durango state: Canatlán, Nuevo Ideal; Zacatecas state: La Batea, La Honda. Users: 55,000 in Mexico (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Low German, Mennonite German. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Saxon-Low Franconian, Low Saxon.
Popoloca, Coyotepec
[pbf] Puebla state: Coyotepec and San Mateo west of Tehuacán city, east of Ahuatempan. Users: 500 (1990 census). Total Popoloca speakers: 61,800 (2020 INEGI). Ethnic population: 7,000. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Ngiba, Ngigua, Ngiwa, Popoloca de Oriente, San Vicente Coyotepec Popoloca. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Popoloca.
Popoloca, Mezontla
[pbe] Puebla state: southwest of Tehuacan city, 1 town; Oaxaca state: border area. Users: 2,000 (1993 SIL). Total Popoloca speakers: 61,800 (2020 INEGI). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Los Reyes Metzontla Popoloca, Ngiba, Ngigua, Ngiwa, Popoloca de Mezontla, Popoloca de Oriente, Southern Popoloca. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Popoloca.
Popoloca, San Felipe Otlaltepec
[pow] Puebla state: Huejonapan, San Felipe Otlaltepec, Santa María Nativitas. Users: 3,000 (2000 SIL). Total Popoloca speakers: 61,800 (2020 INEGI). 50 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 6,590. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Ngiba, Ngiwa, Popoloca de San Felipe Otlaltepec, Popoloca del Poniente, Western Popoloca. Autonym: Nguiva. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Popoloca.
Popoloca, San Juan Atzingo
[poe] Puebla state: San Juan Atzingo. Users: 3,690 (2000 INALI). Total Popoloca speakers: 61,800 (2020 INEGI). 500 monolinguals. Most women over 60 functionally monolingual. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Atzingo Popoloca, Eastern Popoloca, Ngiba, Ngigua, Ngiwa, Nkiva, Nquiva, Popoloca de Oriente, Popoloca de San Juan Atzingo, Popoloca del Oriente, Southern Popoloca. Autonym: Ngiva. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Popoloca.
Popoloca, San Luís Temalacayuca
[pps] Puebla state: San Luís Temalacayuca. Users: 4,730 (1994 SIL). Total Popoloca speakers: 61,800 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ngiba, Ngiwa, Popoloca de San Luis Temalacayuca. Autonym: Ngigua, Ngigua Temalacayuca. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Popoloca.
Popoloca, San Marcos Tlacoyalco
[pls] Puebla state: San Francisco Esperilla, San José Buenavista, San Juan Sacavasco, San Marcos Tlacoyalco, and San Martin Esperilla. Users: 8,440 (2000 INALI). Total Popoloca speakers: 61,800 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ngiwa, Northern Popoloca, Popoloca de San Marcos Tlalcoyalco, Popoluca del Norte, San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca. Autonym: Ngigua. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Popoloca.
Popoloca, Santa Inés Ahuatempan
[pca] Puebla state: Santa Inés Ahuatempan and Todos Santos Almolonga west of Coyotepec and Tehuacán. Users: 4,000 (2000 SIL). Total Popoloca speakers: 61,800 (2020 INEGI). Few monolinguals. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Ngiba, Ngigua, Popoloca de Santa Inés Ahuatempan, Popoloca del Poniente. Autonym: Nquivā. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Popolocan, Popoloca.
Popoluca, Highland
[poi] Veracruz state: Amamaloya, Barosa, Buena Vista, Col Benito Juárez, Cuilonia, El Aguacate, Estrivera, Guadalupe Victoria, Horno de Cal, Kilómetro Diez, La Florida, La Magdalena, Las Palmas, Soteapan; Bay of Campeche, area inland between Lake Catemaco and San Juan point, towards Hueyapan and Acayucan. Users: 37,700 (2015 INEGI). Total Popoloca speakers: 61,800 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Popoluca, Popoluca de la Sierra. Autonym: Nuntajɨyi. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Zoquean, Gulf Zoquean.
Popoluca, Oluta
[plo] Veracruz state: Oluta, inland, west of Texistepec, south of Acayucan, east of Sayula. Users: 1 (2018 J. Reyes). Ethnic population: 10,000 (1990 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Oluta, Oluta Mijean, Olutec, Popoluca de Oluta. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Mixean.
Popoluca, Sayula
[pos] Veracruz state: south of Sayula. Users: 4,000 (Yasugi 2007). Total Popoloca speakers: 61,800 (2020 INEGI). 15 monolinguals. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Mixean.
Popoluca, Texistepec
[poq] Veracruz state: Texistepec area east of Oluta. Users: 1 (Campbell and Belew 2018). Ethnic population: 15,800 (1990 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Texistepec. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Zoquean, Gulf Zoquean.
Portuguese
[por] Users: 5,100 in Mexico (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Portuguese-Galician.
Purepecha
[tsz] Michoacán de Ocampo state: Lake Pátzcuaro area, Cuanajo southeast edge, San Francisco Pichataro west edge, and Zipiajo north edge. Users: 41,100 in Mexico (2010 INALI). Total Purepecha speakers: 142,000 (2020 INEGI). Total users in all countries: 56,100. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Eastern Lake Purepecha, P’orhe, P’orhépecha, Phorhépecha, Porhé, Purépecha de la Zona Lacustre, “Tarascan” (pej.), “Tarasco” (pej.), “Tarasko” (pej.). Autonym: P’urhe, P’urhépecha. Classification: Tarascan.
Purepecha, Western Highland
[pua] Jalisco state: Jilotlan de los Dolores municipality, small border area; Michoacán de Ocampo state: Comachuén east, Cañada de los Once Pueblos north, Nuevo Parangaricutiro south; Tarecuato west. Users: 124,000 in Mexico (2010 INALI). Total Purepecha speakers: 142,000 (2020 INEGI). Total users in all countries: 169,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: P’orhe, P’orhépecha, Purépecha, Purépecha de la Meseta, Purépecha de las Sierras, Purépecha del Oeste de Sierra Occidental, “Tarascan” (pej.), “Tarasco” (pej.). Autonym: P’urhe, P’urhépecha. Classification: Tarascan.
Q’anjob’al
[kjb] Users: 10,900 in Mexico (2020 INEGI). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Q’anjob’alan-Chujean, Q’anjob’alan, Q’anjob’al-Akateko-Jakalteko.
Romani, Vlax
[rmy] Oaxaca state. Users: 5,000 in Mexico (1993). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani, Vlax.
Seri
[sei] Sonora state: coast. 2 villages. Users: 720 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Comcaac, Comcáac, Comcáackg, Concaac, Concáac, Congcaac, Cuncaac, Komkak, Konkaak, Kunkaahac, Kunkaak, Könkáak. Autonym: Cmiique Iitom. Classification: Language isolate.
Spanish
[spa] Users: 125,000,000 in Mexico, all users. L1 users: 117,000,000 in Mexico (2019). L2 users: 8,000,000 (2019). Status: 1 (National). De facto national language. Alternate Names: Castellano, Español. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
Tarahumara, Central
[tar] Chihuahua state: Balleza north, Chinantu southeast, Cuautemoc southwest to Creel down Urique river, east up Sinforosa canyon. Users: 29,700 (2000 INALI). Total Tarahumara speakers: 91,600 (2020 INEGI). 10,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Alta Tarahumara, Ralámuli de la Tarahumara Alta, Samachique Tarahumara, Tarahumara de Cumbres, Tarahumara del Centro. Autonym: Ralámuli raicha. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Taracahitic, Tarahumaran, Tarahumara.
Tarahumara, Northern
[thh] Chihuahua state: Agua Caliente Ariseachi, Bilaguchi, La Nopalera, Santa Rosa Ariseachi, Tomochi. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speaker survived into the 2000s. Ethnic population: 1,500 (1993 SIL). Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Arisiachi Tarahumara, Tarahumara del Norte. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Taracahitic, Tarahumaran, Tarahumara.
Tarahumara, Southeastern
[tcu] Chihuahua state: Chinatú. Users: 5,410 (2000 INALI). Total Tarahumara speakers: 91,600 (2020 INEGI). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Balleza, Chinatú, Rarámari raicha, Tarahumara de Chinatú, Tarahumara del Sur, Tarahumara del Sureste, Uruachi. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Taracahitic, Tarahumaran, Tarahumara.
Tarahumara, Southwestern
[twr] Chihuahua state: Tubare. Users: 100 (1983 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Tarahumara del Suroeste, Tubare. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Taracahitic, Tarahumaran, Tarahumara.
Tarahumara, Western
[tac] Chihuahua state: Guazapares, Urique, and Uruachi. Users: 9,230 (2000 INALI). Total Tarahumara speakers: 91,600 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Baja Tarahumara, Lowland Tarahumara, Ralámuli de la Baja Tarahumara, Rarámuri, Rocoroibo, Tarahumara del Oeste, Tarahumara del Poniente. Autonym: Rarómari raicha. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Taracahitic, Tarahumaran, Tarahumara.
Tectitec
[ttc] Chiapas state: Amatenango de la Frontera, Mazapa de Madero, and Motozintla. Users: 78 in Mexico (2020 INEGI). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: B’a’aj, K’onti’l, Qyool, Teco, Tectitán Mame, Teko, Tujqyol. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, K’ichean-Mamean, Mamean, Teco-Mam.
Tepecano
[tep] Jalisco state: San Martin de Bolaños area. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Lino de la Rosa, may have survived into the 1980s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Pimic.
Tepehua, Huehuetla
[tee] Hidalgo state: Huehuetla; Puebla state: half of Mecapalapa town; Veracruz state: northwest. Users: 3,000 (1982 SIL). Total Tepehua speakers: 8,880 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tepehua de Hidalgo, Tepehua de Huehuetla. Classification: Totonacan, Tepehua.
Tepehua, Pisaflores
[tpp] Veracruz state: Ixhuatlán de Madero, Pisaflores, 1 other town. Users: 4,000 (1990 census). Total Tepehua speakers: 8,880 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Totonacan, Tepehua.
Tepehua, Tlachichilco
[tpt] Veracruz state: Tlachichilco, west of La Jabonera. Users: 3,000 (1990 SIL). Total Tepehua speakers: 8,880 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Totonacan, Tepehua.
Tepehuan, Northern
[ntp] Chihuahua state: Baborigame area; Sinaloa state: Choix municipality, border area. Users: 9,860 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: O’otham, Tepehuán del Norte. Autonym: Oodamicʌdʌ. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Pimic, Tepehuan.
Tepehuan, Southeastern
[stp] Durango state: Mezquital municipality, Santa María Ocotán; Nayarit state: some in northeast. Users: 10,600 (2005 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Tepehuano, Tepehuán del Sureste. Autonym: O’dam. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Pimic, Tepehuan.
Tepehuan, Southwestern
[tla] Durango state: Lajas, Taxicaringa, and Teneraca; Nayarit state: Huajicori municipality. Users: 8,700 (2005 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tepehuán del Suroeste. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Pimic, Tepehuan.
Tohono O’odham
[ood] Northern Sonora. Users: 200 in Mexico (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: O’odham, Oʼodham ha-ñeʼokĭ, Oʼodham ñiok, Pápago, Tohono O’otham. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Pimic.
Tojolabal
[toj] Chiapas state: Altamirano and Margaritas. Users: 67,000 (2020 INEGI). 7,700 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Chañabal, Comiteco, Tojol-ab’al. Autonym: Tojolabal. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Q’anjob’alan-Chujean, Chujean.
Totonac, Coyutla
[toc] Puebla state: foot of mountains north of Sierra Totonaca and Olintla river; Veracruz state: border areas noth and south. Users: 48,100 (2000). Total Totonac speakers: 256,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Totonaco, Totonaco Central del Sur, Totonaco de Coyutla. Autonym: Tutunakú. Classification: Totonacan, Totonac.
Totonac, Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán
[tlp] Veracruz state: Acatlán municipality, highlands; possibly in Puebla state. Users: 15,100 (2000 INALI). Total Totonac speakers: 256,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Liisantutumínku, Santo Domingo Totonac, Totonaco Central Alto, Totonaco central del norte, Totonaco de Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán, Tutunáku. Classification: Totonacan, Totonac.
Totonac, Highland
[tos] Veracruz state: Acatlán municipality, southwest of Pozo Rico; Puebla state: Francisco Z. Mena municipaliy. Users: 120,000 (1982 SIL). Total Totonac speakers: 256,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Sierra Totonac, Totonaco Central Alto, Totonaco Central del Sur, Totonaco de la Sierra. Autonym: Totonaco, Tutunakú. Classification: Totonacan, Totonac.
Totonac, Papantla
[top] Veracruz state: Gulf of Mexico, Cazonas river mouth, along coast to La Guadalupe; inland south past Paso del Correro; inland north past Tihuatlan; Puebla state: border area west of Pozo Rico. Users: 80,000 (1982 SIL). Total Totonac speakers: 256,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Lowland Totonaca, Totonaco, Totonaco de Papantla, Totonaco de la Costa. Autonym: Lichiwin Tutunaku, Tutunakú. Classification: Totonacan, Totonac.
Totonac, Tecpatlán
[tcw] Puebla state: Tecpatlán village, 2 communities northwest on Necaxa river tributary. Users: 540 (2000 census). 110 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Tachaqawaxti, Totonaca, Totonaco Central del Norte. Autonym: Tachiwiin, Tutunakuj. Classification: Totonacan, Totonac.
Totonac, Upper Necaxa
[tku] Puebla state: Cacahuatlán, Chicontla, Patla, and San Pedro Tlalontongo in Necaxa river valley. Users: 3,270 (2000 INALI). Total Totonac speakers: 256,000 (2020 INEGI). 680 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 5,800. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Totonaca, Totonaco del río Necaxa. Autonym: Totonaco, Totonaco xalac Patla. Classification: Totonacan, Totonac.
Totonac, Xicotepec de Juárez
[too] Puebla state: Xicotepec de Juárez; Veracruz state. 30 towns. Users: 3,000 (2000 SIL). 500 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 13,700. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Apapantilla Totonac, Northern Totonac, Tachiwiin, Totonaca, Totonaco, Totonaco Central del Norte, Totonaco de Villa Juárez, Totonaco del Norte, Totonako, Xicotepec Totonac. Autonym: Tachihuin. Classification: Totonacan, Totonac.
Totonac, Yecuatla
[tlc] Veracruz state: San Rafael area on lower Naulta river; possibly in Misantla and Yecuatla south. Users: 500 (1994 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Laakanaachiwíin, Misantla Totonac. Classification: Totonacan, Totonac.
Totonaco del cerro Xinolatépetl
[tqt] Puebla state: Ozomatlán, Tepetzintla de Galeana, and Cuahueyatla. Users: 1,610 (2000 census), decreasing. Total Totonac speakers: 256,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kintachiuinkan, Ozumatlán Totonac, Totonaco Norte de Huauchinango, Totonaco de Ozomatlán, Western Totonac, Xinolatépetl Totonac. Autonym: Xinulajgsípij Totonaco. Classification: Totonacan, Totonac.
Triqui, Chicahuaxtla
[trs] Oaxaca state: Tlaxiaco district, San José Xochistlán; Putla district, Santo Domingo del Estado. Users: 4,060 (Adelaar 2007). Total Triqui speakers: 29,500 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chicahuaxtla Trique, Trike, Trique, Triqui Alto, Triqui de San Andrés Chicahuaxtla. Autonym: nánj nï’ïn. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Trique.
Triqui, Copala
[trc] Oaxaca state: Juxtlahuaca, Miguel Alemán, San Juan Copala, Sonora (1,000 users); Baja California state: San Quintín valley; Mexico City. Groups in most tourist centers. Users: 25,000 in Mexico (2007 SIL). Total Triqui speakers: 29,500 (2020 INEGI). Total users in all countries: 30,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Copala Trique, Copala-Trique, Trike, Trique, Triqui Bajo, Triqui de San Juan Copala. Autonym: Xnaꞌánj nu̱ꞌ. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Trique.
Triqui, San Martín Itunyoso
[trq] Oaxaca state: Tlaxiaco. Users: 2,000 (1983). Total Triqui speakers: 29,500 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: San Martín Itunyoso Trique, Triqui Alto, Triqui de San Martín Itunyoso. Autonym: snáhánj nìh. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Mixtecan, Trique.
Tubar
[tbu] Chihuahua state: Sinaloa and Sonora states’ border area. Users: No known L1 speakers. Most sources seem to agree that the last speaker probably died by the 1970s, but possibly as early as 1940 (Jaquith 1970). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Tubare. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Taracahitic.
Tzeltal
[tzh] Chiapas: Oxchuc area. Users: 589,000 (2020 INEGI). 50,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Cancuc, Chanal, Highland Tzeltal, Oxchuc Tzeltal, Tenango, Tenejapa, Tenejapa Tzeltal, Tseltal. Autonym: Bats’il k’op. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Core Mayan, Cholan-Tzeltalan, Tzeltalan, Tzeltal.
Tzotzil
[tzo] Central Chiapas, Venustiano Carranza municipality, Venustiano Carranza, El Puerto, and El Paraiso de Grijalva towns; West central Chiapas, San Juan Chamula, Huitiupan, Simojovel, San Juan del Bosque, San Cristóbal Las Casas, Bochil, Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacan, Ocozocoautla, Ixtapa (Nibak), Jitotol, Teopisca, Amatan, and Ishuatan; Chiapas, Chenalhó and Huixtán regions. Users: 550,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: San Bartolomé Venustiano Carranza Tzotzil, Tsotsil. Autonym: Bats’i k’op. Classification: Mayan, Yucatecan-Core Mayan, Core Mayan, Cholan-Tzeltalan, Tzeltalan, Tzotzil.
Venetian
[vec] Puebla state: Chipilo. Users: 2,500 in Mexico (2011 H. Barnes). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chipileño, Veneto. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italian.
Yaqui
[yaq] Sonora state: Cócorit, Bácum, Tórim, Vícam, Pótam, Ráhum, Huirivis, and Bélen. Users: 19,400 in Mexico (2020 INEGI). Total users in all countries: 20,040. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Cahita, Hiak-nooki, Hiaki, Yoem Noki. Autonym: Yoeme. Classification: Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Taracahitic, Cahitan.
Yucatec Maya Sign Language
[msd] Quintana Roo and Yucatán states: Chicán, Carillo Puerto, Oxkutzcab, Tixméhuac, Xyatil. (1999 H. Smith, Zeshan et al 2013). Users: 400 (2021 SIL). 16 deaf and up to 720 hearing in Chicán, with other deaf using similar sign languages in other communities in Yucatán (Safar 2021). 16 monolinguals (Safar 2021). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chican Sign Language, LSChicana, Lengua de Señas Chicana, Lenguaje Manual Maya, MSL, Maya Sign Language, Mayan Sign Language, Nohya Sign Language, YMSL, “Lengua Mímica Maya” (pej.). Classification: Sign language, Shared sign language.
Zapotec
[zap] A macrolanguage. Population total all languages (L1 only): 457,882. Includes: Aloápam Zapotec [zaq], Amatlán Zapotec [zpo], Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec [zoo], Ayoquesco Zapotec [zaf], Cajonos Zapotec [zad], Chichicapan Zapotec [zpv], Choapan Zapotec [zpc], Coatecas Altas Zapotec [zca], Coatlán Zapotec [zps], El Alto Zapotec [zpp], Elotepec Zapotec [zte], Guevea de Humboldt Zapotec [zpg], Güilá Zapotec [ztu], Isthmus Zapotec [zai], Lachiguiri Zapotec [zpa], Lachixío Zapotec [zpl], Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec [ztl], Las Delicias Zapotec [zcd], Loxicha Zapotec [ztp], Mazaltepec Zapotec [zpy], Miahuatlán Zapotec [zam], Mitla Zapotec [zaw], Mixtepec Zapotec [zpm], Ocotlán Zapotec [zac], Ozolotepec Zapotec [zao], Petapa Zapotec [zpe], Quiavicuzas Zapotec [zpj], Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec [ztq], Rincón Zapotec [zar], San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec [ztm], San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec [zpx], San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec [zpf], San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec [zpt], Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec [ztn], Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec [zpn], Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec [zpi], Santiago Xanica Zapotec [zpr], Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec [zas], Sierra de Juárez Zapotec [zaa], Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec [zpd], Southern Rincon Zapotec [zsr], Tabaa Zapotec [zat], Tejalapan Zapotec [ztt], Texmelucan Zapotec [zpz], Tilquiapan Zapotec [zts], Tlacolulita Zapotec [zpk], Totomachapan Zapotec [zph], Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec [zab], Xadani Zapotec [zax], Xanaguía Zapotec [ztg], Yalálag Zapotec [zpu], Yareni Zapotec [zae], Yatee Zapotec [zty], Yatzachi Zapotec [zav], Yautepec Zapotec [zpb], Zaachila Zapotec [ztx], Zaniza Zapotec [zpw], Zoogocho Zapotec [zpq].
Zapotec, Aloápam
[zaq] Oaxaca state: San Isidro Aloápam and San Miguel Aloápam. Users: 3,400 (2000 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tizha’, Zapoteco de Aloápam, Zapoteco de San Miguel Aloápam. Autonym: Tisa. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Amatlán
[zpo] Oaxaca state: east of Miahuatlán. 2 towns. Users: 10,000 (2000 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 2,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Zapoteco de Mixtepec, Zapoteco de San Cristóbal Amatlán, Zapoteco del Noreste de Miahuatlán. Autonym: Dizhze, Dizhze Amatlan. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Asunción Mixtepec
[zoo] Oaxaca state: Asunción Mixtepec, 1 other town southwest of Oaxaca City. Users: 100 (1990 census). Ethnic population: 2,480 (1990 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Dixasà, Dizë, North Central Zimatlan Zapotec, Zapoteco de Asunción Mixtepec, Zapoteco de Valles Oeste. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Ayoquesco
[zaf] Oaxaca state: San Andrés Zabache, San Martín Lachila, Santa Cruz Nexila, Santa María Ayoquesco. Users: 880 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 9 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dísè, Western Ejutla Zapotec, Zapoteco de Santa María Ayoquesco, Zapoteco de Valles del Sur. Autonym: Didzé. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Cajonos
[zad] Oaxaca state: San Francisco Cajonos, San Mateo Cajonos, San Miguel Cajonos, San Pablo Yaganiza, San Pedro Cajonos, and Xagacía. Users: 5,000 (1993 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Many monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ditse’, Didza-xhon, Ditse’ hualats, Southern Villa Alta Zapotec, Yaganiza Zapotec, Zapoteco Serrano del Sureste Bajo, Zapoteco de San Pedro Cajonos. Autonym: Xtillꞌchonaꞌ. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Chichicapan
[zpv] Oaxaca state. Users: 2,720 (2005 INEGI). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Dzhi’iza, Eastern Ocotlán Zapotec, Zapoteco, Zapoteco de San Baltazar Chichicapan. Autonym: Dxiꞌzah. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Choapan
[zpc] Oaxaca state: from Comaltepec northeast; Veracruz state: Arena and Playa Vincente border area. Users: 12,000 (2007 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Choápam Zapotec, Diza shisa’, Diza shitsá, Zapoteco de Choapan, Zapoteco de San Juan Comaltepec, Zapoteco del Oeste de Tuxtepec. Autonym: Diꞌidzaꞌ xidzaꞌ. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Coatecas Altas
[zca] Oaxaca state: Ejutla. Users: 4,880 (2005 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 100 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Didzé, Dizhze, Diꞌzhzë cheꞌn men Latyezh, Zapoteco de San Juan Coatecas Altas, Zapoteco de Valles del Sur. Autonym: Diꞌzhzë. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Coatlán
[zps] Oaxaca state: Santo Domingo Coatlán, 7 towns near Chatino region. Users: 500 (1992 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Didxke’, San Miguel Zapotec, Santo Domingo Coatlán Zapotec, Western Miahuatlán Zapotec, Zapoteco de Santa María Coatlán, Zapoteco de la Sierra Sur del Este Bajo. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, El Alto
[zpp] Oaxaca state: San Andrés el Alto, San Antonino el Alto, San Pedro el Alto. Users: 900 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 30 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Di’tse’e, Dixasà, South Central Zimatlan Zapotec, Zapoteco de San Antonino el Alto, Zapoteco de San Pedro el Alto, Zapoteco de Zimatlán de Álvarez. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Elotepec
[zte] Oaxaca state: 1 village west of Zimatlán. Users: 200 (1990 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Papabuco, Risna, Rixhna, Zapoteco de San Juan Elotepec, Zapoteco de la Sierra Sur Noroeste. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Guevea de Humboldt
[zpg] Oaxaca state. Users: 4,720 (2000 INEGI). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Di’tsiri’e, Ditsire, Guevea Zapotec, Northern Isthmus Zapotec, Zapoteco de Guevea de Humboldt, Zapoteco de la Montaña del Istmo Bajo. Autonym: Didz-rieꞌ. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Güilá
[ztu] Oaxaca state: San Dionisio Ocotepec municipality, Matatlan and San Pablo Güilá agencies. Users: 9,500 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 2,300 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Disàa, San Dionisio Ocotepec Zapotec, Zapoteco de San Dionisio Ocotepec, Zapoteco de San Pablo Güilá, Zapoteco de Valles del Este Central. Autonym: Diza. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Isthmus
[zai] Oaxaca state: Juchitán and Tehuantepec. Users: 85,000 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Juchitán Zapotec, Sapoteko, Zapoteco Istmeño, Zapoteco de la Planicie Costera, Zapoteco del Istmo. Autonym: Diidxazá. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Lachiguiri
[zpa] Oaxaca state: Jalapa, Magdalena, and Santa María Totolapilla, north of Isthmus, southwest of Guevea de Humboldt in neighboring municipalities. Users: 5,000 (1977 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ditsá, Northwestern Tehuantepec Zapotec, Zapoteco de Santiago Lachiguiri, Zapoteco de la Montaña del Istmo Alto. Autonym: Didxsá. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Lachixío
[zpl] Oaxaca state: Sola de Vega municipality, San Mateo Mixtepec, San Vicente Lachixío, and Santa María Lachixío. Users: 6,500 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 3,250 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Beeh Dicchah Xe7yyoh, Dialó, Eastern Sola de Vega Zapotec, Zapoteco de Lachixío, Zapoteco de la Sierra Sur Noroeste Alto. Autonym: Dialu. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Lapaguía-Guivini
[ztl] Oaxaca state: La Merced del Potrero, Lapaguía, southeast Miahuatlán, San Felipe Lachillo, and San Juan Guivini. Users: 4,200 (1983 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ditsa’, Lapaguía Zapotec, Santiago Lapaguia Zapotec, Zapoteco de Lapaguía-Guivini, Zapoteco de Santiago Lapaguía, Zapoteco de la Costa Este. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Las Delicias
[zcd] Oaxaca state: Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, Villa Alta district, San Juan Juquila Vijanos municipality, Las Delicias. Users: 16,700 (2021 The Seed Co). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Zapoteco de Las Delicias. Autonym: Didza Xhidza. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Loxicha
[ztp] Oaxaca state: Candelaria Loxicha, San Agustín Loxicha, San Andrés Paxtlán, San Bartolomé Loxicha, San Francisco Cozoaltepec, San Miguel Suchixtepec, San Pedro el Alto, San Pedro Pochutla, Santa María Colotepec, Santa María Tonameca, Santo Domingo Morelos between Miahuatlán, Pochutla, and Puerto Escondido. Users: 75,000 (2000 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 22,500 monolinguals (2005 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Distèe, Western Pochutla Zapotec, Zapoteco de Loxicha, Zapoteco de la Costa Central. Autonym: Diste. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Mazaltepec
[zpy] Oaxaca state: Etla district, San Andrés Zautla, San Pedro y San Pablo Etla, Santo Tomás Mazaltepec in Oaxaca valley northwest of Oaxaca city. Users: 2,200 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 25 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Etla Zapotec, Tizá, Zapoteco de Santo Tomás Mazaltepec, Zapoteco de Valles Noroeste. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Miahuatlán
[zam] Oaxaca state: Cuixtla. Users: 1,000 (2007 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Cuixtla Zapotec, Zapoteco de Miahuatlán, Zapoteco de la Sierra Sur Central. Autonym: Diiste. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Mitla
[zaw] Oaxaca state: Mitla valley. Users: 19,500 (1983 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 190 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Dichsah, Dixdà, East Central Tlacolula Zapotec, East Valley Zapotec, Zapoteco de Valles del Este Medio, Zapoteco de Valles del Noreste. Autonym: Didxsaj. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Mixtepec
[zpm] Oaxaca state. Users: 7,000 (1991 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Diitsë, Ditsë, Dizde, Dìidz-zÈ, Eastern Miahuatlán Zapotec, San Juan Mixtepec Zapoteco, Zapoteco de San Juan Mixtepec, Zapoteco de la Sierra Sur Noreste. Autonym: Diidz-zë. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Ocotlán
[zac] Oaxaca state: Ocotlán and Santiago Apóstol areas. Users: 15,000 (1993 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dizá, Ocotlán Oeste Zapotec, Zapoteco de Valles de Suroeste Alto, Zapoteco de Valles del Suroeste Central, Zapoteco de Valles del Suroeste Medio, Zapoteco del Poniente de Ocotlán. Autonym: Dizë́. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Ozolotepec
[zao] Oaxaca state: southeast Miahuatlán, halfway to the coast. Most towns with ‘Ozolotepec’ in the name included, but not San Francisco Ozolotepec or San José Ozolotepec. Users: 6,500 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). People in San Marcial, San Gregorio, San Esteban, and Santo Domingo are monolingual. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Desté, Diste, Distèe, Zapoteco de Ozolotepec, Zapoteco de la Costa Noreste. Autonym: Dizte chaan zha Ozolotepec. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Petapa
[zpe] Oaxaca state: Juchitán district, Santa María Petapa and Santo Domingo Petapa north of the isthmus. Users: 8,000 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 220 monolinguals. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Didxazé, Dizazi, Zapoteco de Petapa, Zapoteco de Santa María Petapa. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Quiavicuzas
[zpj] Oaxaca state: Yautepec district, Guevea de Humboldt municipality, Guadalupe Guevea; Nejapa de Madero municipality, Carrizal, Corral de Piedra, San Juan Lachixila; San Carlos Yautepec municipality, Santiago Quiavicuzas; northeast of Pan American highway. Users: 4,000 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 180 monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ditsere’, Dixhtiò, Northeastern Yautepec Zapotec, Zapoteco de Quiavicuzas, Zapoteco de San Juan Lachixila. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Quioquitani-Quierí
[ztq] Oaxaca state: Yautepec municipality, San Pedro Leapi, Santa Catalina Quierí, Santa Catarina Quioquitani, Santiago Lachivía, Santo Domingo Lachivitó, Santo Tomás Quierí. Users: 4,000 (1991 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Distse’, Ditsè, Ditsëë, Zapoteco de Quioquitani y Quierí, Zapoteco de la Sierra Sur Noroeste Medio. Autonym: Tiitssë. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Rincón
[zar] Oaxaca state: north. Users: 29,200 (2000). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Didsaˀ Shidsaˀ, Northern Villa Alta Zapotec, San Juan Yaeé Zapotec, Tidza’, Zapoteco Serrano del Noroeste Bajo, Zapoteco de Yagallo, Zapoteco del Rincón. Autonym: Didza Xidza. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, San Agustín Mixtepec
[ztm] Oaxaca state: Miahuatlán and San Agustín Mixtepec. Users: 59 (1994 SIL). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Dizde, Zapoteco de Mixtepec. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, San Baltazar Loxicha
[zpx] Oaxaca state: San Baltázar Loxicha and Santa Catarina Loxicha south of Oaxaca City. Users: 1,500 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 20 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dixhque’, Northwestern Pochutla Zapotec, Ristee’, San Baltázar Loxicha Zapotec, Zapoteco de San Baltázar Loxicha, Zapoteco de la Costa Oeste. Autonym: Diste’. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, San Pedro Quiatoni
[zpf] Oaxaca state: Salinas, San Pedro Quiatoni, Unión Juárez, and 20 nearby settlements. Users: 14,800 (2000). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Dichsà, Didzá, Ditsáh, Eastern Tlacolula Zapotec, Quiatoni Zapotec, Zapoteco de San Pedro Quiatoni, Zapoteco de Sierra Sur del Noreste Alto. Autonym: Diidx Zah. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, San Vicente Coatlán
[zpt] Oaxaca state: Ejutla district, San Vicente Coatlán, a municipality town south of Oaxaca City. Users: 3,380 (2005 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 340 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Coatlán Zapotec, Didxnde, Diꞌizhnde, Southern Ejutla Zapotec, Zapoteco de San Vicente Coatlán. Autonym: Dizhnde. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Santa Catarina Albarradas
[ztn] Oaxaca state: Santa Catarina Albarradas (also known as San Antonio Albarradas). Users: 1,000 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Zapoteco de Santa Catarina Albarradas, Zapoteco de Valles del Noreste. Autonym: Dichsah. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Santa Inés Yatzechi
[zpn] Oaxaca state: Zimatlán district. Users: 2,240 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 180 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Southeastern Zimatlán Zapotec, Zapoteco de Santa Inés Yatzechi, Zapoteco de Zegache. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Santa María Quiegolani
[zpi] Oaxaca state: central. Users: 2,000 (2000 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Quiegolani Zapotec, Western Yautepec Zapotec, Zapoteco de Santa María Quiegolani. Autonym: disa. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Santiago Xanica
[zpr] Oaxaca state: southeast Miahuatlán, San Andrés Lovene, San Antonio Ozolotepec, Santa María Coixtepec, Santiago Xanica. Users: 2,500 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Distse’e, Xanica Zapotec, Zapoteco de la Sierra Sur del Sureste Bajo. Autonym: Diste’. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Santo Domingo Albarradas
[zas] Oaxaca state: San Miguel Albarradas, Santa María Albarradas, Santo Domingo Albarradas. Users: 5,500 (1980 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Albarradas Zapotec, Didxazá, Dihidx Bilyáhab, Zapoteco de Santo Domingo Albarradas, Zapoteco de Valles del Noreste. Autonym: Diidxzaj. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Sierra de Juárez
[zaa] Oaxaca state: north. Users: 4,000 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 150 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Didzá, Ixtlán Zapoteco, Juárez Zapotec, Zapoteco Serrano Bajo, Zapoteco de Atepec. Autonym: Titsaꞌ. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Southeastern Ixtlán
[zpd] Oaxaca state: Benito Juárez, Capulalpan de Morelos, Carrizal, Guelatao de Juárez, Ixtlán de Juárez, La Trinidad, Latuvi, Llano Grande, Natividad, Nevería, San Miguel Amatlán, Santa Catarina Lachatao, Santa María Yavesía (center), Santiago Xiacui. Users: 6,000 (1992 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Didzá, Ixtlan Zapotec, Latuvi Zapotec, Yavesía Zapotec, Zapoteco Serrano Bajo, Zapoteco del Sureste de Ixtlán. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Southern Rincon
[zsr] Oaxaca state. Users: 12,000 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Tidza’, Zapoteco Serrano del Noroeste Bajo, Zapoteco de Rincón Sur. Autonym: Didza’. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Tabaa
[zat] Oaxaca state. Users: 2,000 (1992 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Central Villa Alta Zapotec, Dilla xhon, Diya dxon, Zapoteco Serrano del Sureste Alto, Zapoteco de Tabaa. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Tejalapan
[ztt] Oaxaca state: Etla district, San Felipe Tejalapan. Users: 50 (2000 INALI). Ethnic population: 4,660. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Tizá, Zapoteco de San Felipe Tejalapan, Zapoteco de San Felipe Tejalápam, Zapoteco de Tejalápam. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Texmelucan
[zpz] Oaxaca state: west. Users: 4,630 (2000 INALI). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Central Sola de Vega Zapotec, Papabuco, Rixhquei, Zapoteco de San Lorenzo Texmelucan, Zapoteco de Texmelucan. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Tilquiapan
[zts] Oaxaca state: Ocotlán and San Miguel Tilquiapan. Users: 5,000 (2007 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 900 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: San Miguel Tilquiapam, Zapoteco de San Miguel Tilquiapan, Zapoteco de Valles del Centro Bajo. Autonym: Diza. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Tlacolulita
[zpk] Oaxaca state: Asunción Tlacolulita and San Juan Alotepec. Users: 53 (2000 INALI). Ethnic population: 900 (1990 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Southeastern Yautepec Zapotec, Tixh nguizë, Zapoteco de Asunción Tlacolulita. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Totomachapan
[zph] Oaxaca state: west; 2 towns. Users: 260 (1990 census). Ethnic population: 1,010 (1990 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Dixasà, Western Zimatlán Zapotec, Zapoteco de San Pedro Totomachapan, Zapoteco de Zimatlán de Álvarez. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Western Tlacolula Valley
[zab] Oaxaca state: central. Users: 28,000 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Dixzhá, Guelavía, San Juan Guelavía Zapotec, Western Tlacolula Zapotec, Zapoteco de San Juan, Zapoteco de Tlacolula occidental, Zapoteco de Valles del Norte Central. Autonym: Ditsa. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Xadani
[zax] Oaxaca state: Pochutla district, San Miguel del Puerto municipality, Santa María Xadani. 16 towns. Users: 340 (1990 census). 1 monolinguals (1990). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Ditsa’, Eastern Pochutla Zapotec, Zapoteco de Santa María Xadani, Zapoteco de la Costa Este. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Xanaguía
[ztg] Oaxaca state: southeast Miahuatlán, San Francisco Ozolotepec, and San José Ozolotepec, Santa Catarina Xanaguía. Users: 2,500 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 880 monolinguals. Mainly older women. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Didsé, Diidz Zë, Ditsa, Ditsè, San Francisco Ozolotepec, San Francisco Ozolotepec Zapotec, Zapotec of San Francisco and San José Ozolotepec, Zapoteco de Santa Catarina Xanaguía, Zapoteco de la Sierra Sur del Sureste Alto. Autonym: Di’tsë gu’n xne’ minn, Diꞌtsë. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Yalálag
[zpu] Cuidad de México; Oaxaca state: Oaxaca city; Veracruz state: Yalálag. Users: 3,500 (2005). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Dilla xidza, Diya xhon, Dìʼll Wlhàll Yàlhálhg, Zapoteco Serrano del Sureste, Zapoteco de Yalálag. Autonym: Dill Gurall ke Yarar’j. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Yareni
[zae] Oaxaca state. Users: 2,900 (2000 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Etla Zapotec, Tizha, Western Ixtlán Zapotec, Zapoteco Serrano del Oeste Medio, Zapoteco de Santa Ana Yareni, Zapoteco de Teococuilco de Marcos Pérez. Autonym: Tisa. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Yatee
[zty] Oaxaca state: San Cristóbal Lachiruáj, San Francisco Yatee, 4 towns. Users: 5,000 (2004 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 3,000 Yatee, 2,000 Lachirioag. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Didxa shiza’, Didza shon, Northern Sapoteko, Zapoteco Serrano del Sureste, Zapoteco de Yatee. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Yatzachi
[zav] Oaxaca state: Xoochixtepec, Yalina, Yatzachi el Alto, Yatzachi el Bajo, Yohueche, Zoochila, Zoochina. Users: 2,500 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Didza shon, Dilla xhon, Dille xhon, Diosənꞌ, Diozənꞌ, Villa Alta Zapotec, Zapoteco de Yatzachi. Autonym: Dižə’əxon. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Yautepec
[zpb] Oaxaca state: San Bartolo Yautepec. Users: 250 (2000 INALI). 4 monolinguals (1990). All over 50. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Di’izhdë, Northwestern Yautepec Zapotec, Zapoteco de San Bartolo Yautepec. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Zaachila
[ztx] Oaxaca state; south Oaxaca City, San Bartolo Coyotepec, San Pablo Cuatro Venados, San Raymundo Jalpan, Santa María Coyotepec, Zaachila. Users: 550 (1990 census). Ethnic population: 10,000 (1990 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Dixsà, Dizá, San Raymundo Jalpan Zapotec, Zapoteco de Valles del Noroeste Bajo, Zapoteco de Valles del Noroeste Medio. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Zaniza
[zpw] Oaxaca state: Buenavista, El Frijol, Santa María Zaniza, Santiago Textitlán, Santiago Xochiltepec. Users: 770 (1990 census). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). 4 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Papabuco, Risna, Rixhna, Western Sola de Vega Zapotec, Zapoteco de Santa María Zaniza, Zapoteco de la Sierra Sur Noroeste. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zapotec, Zoogocho
[zpq] Cuidad de México; Oaxaca state: Oaxaca city, Tabehua, Yalina, Zoogocho. Users: 1,000 (1991 SIL). Total Zapotec speakers: 491,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Didza shon, Dizha’ Xhon, Zapoteco Serrano del Sureste Medio, Zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho. Autonym: Diža’xon. Classification: Otomanguean, Eastern Otomanguean, Popolocan-Zapotecan, Zapotecan, Zapotec.
Zoque, Chimalapa
[zoh] Oaxaca state: San Miguel Chimalapa and Santa María Chimalapa. Users: 4,500 (1990 census). Total Zoque speakers: 74,000 (2020 INEGI). 15 monolinguals. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: San Miguel Chimalapa Zoque. Autonym: Tzunitzame. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Zoquean.
Zoque, Copainalá
[zoc] Chiapas state: Copainalá. Users: 10,000 (1990 census). Total Zoque speakers: 74,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: O’de pʌt, Zoque de Copainalá. Autonym: Tzunitzame. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Zoquean, Chiapas Zoquean.
Zoque, Francisco León
[zos] Four separate enclaves in 4 states; largest, northwest Mezcalapa Chiapas, into Tabasco, Veracruz-Llave, and Oaxaca, mainly near Grijalve river, Sayula area; second area, southern Mezcalapa Chiapas, Grijalve river near Argostura reservoir; third, eastern Mezcalapa Chiapas and Tabasco states, area surrounding northwest Guatemala tip, west bank, San Antonio river and Laguna de Naja; fourth, west central Mezcalapa Chiapas, upper reaches, Grijalve river. Users: 20,000 (1990 census). Total Zoque speakers: 74,000 (2020 INEGI). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: O’de pʌt, Santa Magdalena Zoque, Zoque de Francisco León. Autonym: Otetzame. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Zoquean, Chiapas Zoquean.
Zoque, Rayón
[zor] Chiapas state: Rayón and Tapilula. Users: 2,100 (1990 census). Total Zoque speakers: 74,000 (2020 INEGI). 20 monolinguals (1990 census). Ethnic population: 10,400 (1990 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: O’de pʌt, Zoque de Rayón. Autonym: Otetzame. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Zoquean, Chiapas Zoquean, Northeast Zoque.
Zoque, Tabasco
[zoq] Tabasco state: Jalapa de Méndez municipality, Ayapa. Users: 12 (2016 J. Rangel). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Ayapanec, Zoque de Ayapanec, Zoque de Tabasco, numte oote. Classification: Mixe-Zoquean, Zoquean, Gulf Zoquean.