Senegal

French

[fra] 1 (National). Statutory national language (2001, Constitution, Article 1). 4,210,000 in Senegal, all users. L1 users: 100,000 in Senegal (Diouf et al 2017). L2 users: 4,110,000 (2020).

3 (Wider communication)

Wolof

[wol] 3 (Wider communication). Recognized language (2001, Constitution, Article 1). Wolof has become an LWC through commerce and trade and is the lingua france in much of the country. The phenomenon of ‘wolofization’ has meant that people from many ethnic groups have adopted Wolof as their L1; most of the Senegalese population can speak and understand Wolof (2015 J. Leclerc). 12,208,000 in Senegal, all users. L1 users: 5,868,000 in Senegal (2013 census). L2 users: 6,340,000 (2017). Ethnic population: 6,900,000 (2017). Total users in all countries: 12,266,290 (as L1: 5,926,290; as L2: 6,340,000).

5 (Dispersed)

Bambara

[bam] 5* (Dispersed). 84,700 in Senegal (2017).

Hassaniyya

[mey] 5 (Dispersed). Recognized language (2005, Decree No.980 of 21 October). 196,000 in Senegal (2017).

Pular

[fuf] 5 (Dispersed). 150,000 in Senegal (2006 J. Leclerc).

5 (Developing)

Jola-Fonyi

[dyo] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2001, Constitution, Article 1). 340,000 in Senegal. 243,000 Fonyi, 96,700 Buluf. 34,000 monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 457,000.

Jola-Kasa

[csk] 5 (Developing). 45,100 in Senegal (2007), increasing.

Kuwaataay

[cwt] 5 (Developing). 8,710 (2017).

Laalaa

[cae] 5 (Developing). 17,300 (2019 SIL).

Mandinka

[mnk] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2005, Decree No. 982 of 21 October). 888,000 in Senegal (2017). Total users in all countries: 1,949,000.

Mandjak

[mfv] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2005, Decree No. 983 of 21 October). 146,000 in Senegal (2017).

Maninkakan, Western

[mlq] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2001, Constitution, Article 1). 1,630,000 in Senegal (2017). Total users in all countries: 2,067,260.

Mankanya

[knf] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2005, Decree No. 984 of 21 October). 41,100 in Senegal (2017), increasing. 3,000 monolinguals.

Ménik

[tnr] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2005, Decree No. 985 of 21 October). 5,200 (2017).

Ndut

[ndv] 5 (Developing). 52,000 (2017).

Noon

[snf] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2005, Decree No. 986 of 21 October). 32,900 (2007).

Oniyan

[bsc] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2005, Decree No. 987 of 21 October). 18,200 in Senegal (2017). Total users in all countries: 31,200.

Pulaar

[fuc] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2001, Constitution, Article 1). 4,150,000 in Senegal (2017). Total users in all countries: 5,398,700.

Saafi-Saafi

[sav] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2005, Decree No. 2005-989 of 21 October). 200,000 (2012), increasing.

Serer-Sine

[srr] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2001, Constitution, Article 1). 1,660,000 in Senegal (2017). Total users in all countries: 1,712,300.

6a (Vigorous)

Gusilay

[gsl] 6a (Vigorous). 21,800 (2017).

Jalunga

[yal] 6a (Vigorous). 13,300 in Senegal (2017), increasing.

Karon

[krx] 6a (Vigorous). 11,600 in Senegal (2017), increasing. A few hundred elderly monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 22,400.

Kerak

[hhr] 6a (Vigorous). 18,200 (2017).

Paloor

[fap] 6a (Vigorous). Recognized language (2012, Codification (first draft)). 22,000 (Thornell et al 2017), increasing.

Soninke

[snk] 6a (Vigorous). Recognized language (2001, Constitution, Article 1). 340,000 in Senegal (2017), increasing.

6b (Threatened)

Badyara

[pbp] 6b (Threatened). 2,540 in Senegal (2017).

Bainouk-Gunyaamolo

[bcz] 6b* (Threatened). 30,000 (2013).

Bainouk-Samik

[bcb] 6b (Threatened). 1,850 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Balanta-Ganja

[bjt] 6b (Threatened). Recognized language (2005, Decree No. 979 of 21 October). 116,000 (2017).

Bandial

[bqj] 6b (Threatened). 15,700 in Senegal (2017).

Bayot

[bda] 6b (Threatened). Recognized language (2011, Codification). 24,200 in Senegal (2020). Total users in all countries: 29,540.

Casamance Creole

[pov] 6b* (Threatened). 30,000 in Senegal, all users. L1 users: 10,000 in Senegal (Biagui and Quint 2013), decreasing. A significant population (2,500) speaks Casamancese Creole in Dakar (Biagui and Quint 2013). L2 users: 20,000 (Biagui and Quint 2013).

Ejamat

[eja] 6b (Threatened). 2,230 in Senegal (2006 SIL).

Mlomp

[mlo] 6b (Threatened). 7,500 (2017).

Wamey

[cou] 6b* (Threatened). 25,400 in Senegal (2017), decreasing. Total users in all countries: 50,200.

Xasonga

[kao] 6b* (Threatened). 12,100 in Senegal (2017).

8b (Nearly extinct)

Kobiana

[kcj] 8b (Nearly extinct). 500 in Senegal (2017).

9 (Second language only)

N’ko

[nqo] 9 (Second language only). No known L1 speakers in Senegal. Ethnic population: No ethnic community.

Unestablished

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken

[apc] Unestablished. 88,300 in Senegal (2017).

Kabuverdianu

[kea] Unestablished. 39,000 in Senegal (2015 Instituto de Apoio ao Emigrante).

Krio

[kri] Unestablished. 7,380 in Senegal (2017).

Mòoré

[mos] Unestablished. 44,800 in Senegal (2017).

Papel

[pbo] Unestablished. 7,500 in Senegal (2017).

Susu

[sus] Unestablished. 44,800 in Senegal (2017).

Senegal

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