Vanuatu
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Akei
[tsr] Sanma province: southwest Espiritu Santo island. Users: 650 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tasiriki. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Ambae, East
[omb] Penama province: Ambae (Leper’s) island. Users: 5,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Aoba, Northeast Ambae, Northeast Aoba, Oba, Omba. Autonym: Havai. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Ambae, West
[nnd] Penama province: west Ambae (Aoba, Leper’s) island. Users: 8,700 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Duidui, Opa. Autonym: Havakinau. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Amblong
[alm] Sanma province: south Espiritu Santo island. Users: 150 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 220. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Aje, Varavara. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Ambrym, North
[mmg] Malampa province: north Ambrym island. Users: 5,250 (2001 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Rral, Tolongken. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Ambrym, Southeast
[tvk] Malampa province: southeast Ambrym island, between Endu and Taveak villages; Shefa province: Mele-Maat. Users: 2,000 (Crowley 2002e). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Vatlongos. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Aneityum
[aty] Tafea province: Aneityum island. Users: 900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Aneiteum, Aneiteumese, Anejom, Antas Anejom̃, Intas Anejom. Autonym: Anejom̃. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Aneityum.
Aore
[aor] Sanma province: east Espiritu Santo island. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (1982 SIL). Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Apma
[app] Penama province: central Pentecost (Raga). Users: 10,000 (2017 A. Gray). Latest published estimate: 7,800 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Abma, Central Raga, Daleda. Autonym: Apma, Dalekte. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Araki
[akr] Sanma province: Araki island, south Espiritu Santo island. Users: 8 (2014 A. Francois). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Aulua
[aul] Malampa province: east Malekula. Users: 750 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aulua Bay. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Avava
[tmb] Malampa province: central Malekula, Khatbol, Taremp, Tembimbi, and Tisvel villages. Users: 700 (Crowley 2006a). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Katbol, Navava, Taremp, Tembimbe-Katbol, Tisvel, Vava. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central.
Axamb
[ahb] Malampa province: south Malekula. Users: 950 (2017 T. Rangelov). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ahamb, Naujin sdrato. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Baetora
[btr] Penama province: Maewo island. Users: 1,330 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Baki
[bki] Shefa province: west Epi. Users: 350 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Few monolinguals, youngest and oldest. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Burumba, Paki. Autonym: Baki. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Lamenu-Baki, Baki-Bierebo.
Banam Bay
[vrt] Malampa province: southeast Malekula. Users: 900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banan Bay, Burmbar, Vartavo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Bierebo
[bnk] Shefa province: west Epi, south of Lamenu [lmu] and north of Baki [bki] language areas. Users: 800 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,140. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bonkovia-Yevali. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Lamenu-Baki, Baki-Bierebo.
Bieria
[brj] Shefa province: south Epi, between Maii [mmm] and Lewo [lmu] language areas. Users: 70 (Early 2006), decreasing. Ethnic population: 100. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bieri, Vovo, Wowo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Bieria-Maii.
Bislama
[bis] Widespread. Users: 10,000 in Vanuatu (2011), increasing. Ethnic population: 95% Melanesian. Total users in all countries: 12,570. Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1980, Constitution, Article 3(1)). Most in the country understand and use it as lingua franca and as a symbol of national identity. Since 2012, Bislama has a significant role in formal education. Alternate Names: Bichelamar. Autonym: Bislama. Classification: Creole, English based, Pacific.
Butmas-Tur
[bnr] Sanma province: east central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 520 (1983 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ati, Farafi. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, East Santo, South.
Daakaka
[bpa] Malampa province: south Ambrym, between Sesivi and Baiap villages. Users: 1,200 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baiap, Dakaka, South Ambrym. Autonym: Daakaka. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Dixon Reef
[dix] Malampa province: southwest Malekula. Users: 50 (1982 SIL). Ethnic population: 60 (1982 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Small Nambas.
Dorig
[wwo] Torba province: Banks Islands group, Gaua island, Dorig and Kweteon villages. Users: 300 (2020 A. François). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Wetamut. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Efate, North
[llp] Shefa province: north Efate island, Nguna, Tongoa, and several smaller islands, southeast Epi. Users: 9,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Nguna. Autonym: Nakanamanga. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Central Vanuatu.
Efate, South
[erk] Shefa province: Efate island. Users: 6,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Population includes Eton [etn]. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Erakor, Fate, Southern Efate. Autonym: Nafsan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Central Vanuatu.
Emae
[mmw] Shefa province: Emae, Sesake and Three Hills islands. 2 villages. Users: 400 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 570. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Emai, Emwae, Mae, Mai, Mwae. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Futunic.
English
[eng] Users: 126,000 in Vanuatu, all users. L1 users: 6,000 in Vanuatu (2019 World Factbook). L2 users: 120,000 (Crystal 2003a). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1980, Constitution, Article 3(1)). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
Eton
[etn] Shefa province: southeast Efate island, Eton, Pang Pang, and surrounding villages. Users: 500 (1989 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eastern Efate, Epwau. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Central Vanuatu.
Fanbak
[fnb] Malampa province: North Ambrym island, Faramsu, Ranvetlam, and Konkon villages. Users: 95 (2015 M. Franjieh). Ethnic population: 190 (2015 M. Franjieh). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Fanbyak, Orkon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Fortsenal
[frt] Sanma province: central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 450 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 560. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kiai, Vara Kiai. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
French
[fra] Users: 88,800 in Vanuatu, all users. L1 users: 1,800 in Vanuatu (2019). L2 users: 87,000 (2018). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1980, Constitution, Article 3(1)). Alternate Names: Français. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
Futuna-Aniwa
[fut] Tafea province: Aniwa and West Futuna islands, east of Tanna. Users: 1,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Erronan, Fotuna-Anewa, West Futuna-Aniwa, West Futunan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Futunic.
Hano
[lml] Penama province: south Maewo, north Pentecost (Raga), and Whitsuntide islands. Users: 7,500 (2017 A. Gray). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Bwatvenua, Lamalanga, Loltong, Nonda, North Pentecost Language, North Raga, Qatvenua, Raxa, Vunmarama. Autonym: Raga. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Hiw
[hiw] Torba province: Hiw island, Torres Islands. Users: 280 (François 2019). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hiu. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Ifo
[iff] Tafea province: south Erromanga island. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speaker, James Nalig, died in 1954. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Utaha. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Erromanga.
Koro
[krf] Torba province: Banks Islands group, Gaua island, Koro and Mekeon villages. Users: 250 (2020 A. François). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banks-Inseln, Koro-Olrat. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Kwamera
[tnk] Tafea province: Galilee, Greenpoint, Imaki, Imayo, Kwamera, Kwaraka, Port Resolution, Samaria, Yenmarei, and Yeruareng are major villages on southeast Tanna coast. Users: 3,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Nəfe, Nafe, Ncfe, Neninafe, Southeast Tanna. Autonym: Nɨfe, Nɨninɨfe. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Tanna.
Lakon
[lkn] Torba province: Banks Islands group, Gaua island. Users: 800 (2020 A. François). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Lakona, Lakona Bay, West Gaua. Autonym: Lakon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Lamenu
[lmu] Shefa province: Varmali region, Epi island northwest tip, Lamenu island; Luganville, Port Vila, and Sara villages. Users: 500 (Early 2002). Very few monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Lamen, Lewo, Varmali. Autonym: Lewo-Lamen. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Lamenu-Baki, Lamenu-Lewo.
Larevat
[lrv] Malampa province: central Malekula. Users: 680 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Laravat. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central.
Lehali
[tql] Torba province: Banks Islands group, Ureparapara island west coast. Users: 200 (2020 A. François). Ethnic population: 350. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Teqel. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Lelepa
[lpa] Shefa province: west Efate island, Lelepa island, Mangaliliu and Napkoa. Users: 500 (Lacrampe 2014). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Havannah Harbour. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Central Vanuatu.
Lemerig
[lrz] Torba province: Vanua Lava island, northeast coastal villages. Users: 2 (2020 A. François). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Bek, Leon, Päk, Sasar. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Lenakel
[tnl] Tafea province: west central Tanna. Users: 11,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Nakaraan taha Lenakel, Nakharan taha Lénakel, Netvaar, Netwar, Nɨtuar, Tanna. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Tanna.
Letemboi
[nms] Malampa province: south Malekula. Users: 800 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,100 (2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Small Nambas. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Small Nambas.
Lewo
[lww] Shefa province: east Epi island, Varmali and Varsu regions. Users: 2,200 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Only very elderly and very young are monolingual. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Varsu. Autonym: Lewo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Lamenu-Baki, Lamenu-Lewo.
Litzlitz
[lzl] Malampa province: Malekula. Users: 15 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Lagalag, Litzlitz-Visele, Lolnarrong, Naman, Netensal. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central.
Lo-Toga
[lht] Torba province: Torres islands. Users: 580 (François 2019). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Loh-Toga. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Lonwolwol
[crc] Malampa province: west Ambrym island, Dip Point area; Efate island, Maat village. Users: 6 (2014 Daily Post). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Ambrym, Craig Cove, Fali, Fanting, Raljago, West Ambrym. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Lorediakarkar
[lnn] Sanma province: Espiritu Santo island, central east coast. Users: 340 (2000). Ethnic population: 850. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, East Santo, South.
Löyöp
[urr] Torba province: Banks Islands group, Divers bay area, Ureparapara island. Users: 240 (2020 A. François). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Divers Bay, Lehalurup. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Mae
[mme] Malampa province: Malekula. Users: 1,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dirak, Tirakh. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Maewo, Central
[mwo] Penama province: Maewo (Aurora) island. Users: 1,400 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 2,000 (2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Maewo, Sungwadaga, Tanoriki. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Mafea
[mkv] Sanma province: east Espiritu Santo, Deproma village; Mavea island. Users: 41, all users. L1 users: 32 (Guérin 2011). 21 semi-speakers (Guérin 2011). L2 users: 9 (Guérin 2011). Ethnic population: 150 (Guérin 2011). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Mavea. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Maii
[mmm] Shefa province: southwest Epi, Mafilau village; north of Bieria [brj] language area, south of Baki [bki] language area. Users: 180 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 260 (2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mae-Morae, Mafilau, Mkir. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Epi, Bieria-Maii.
Malo
[mla] Sanma province: north Malo island; some in Port Vila and Santo. Users: 4,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Tamabo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Malua Bay
[mll] Malampa province: Malekula, northwest coast. Users: 500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 715 (2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Espiegle Bay, Middle Nambas. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Maragus
[mrs] Malampa province: Malekula, Tautu village. Users: 15 (Crowley 2006b). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Maragaus, Marakus, Tape, Tobah. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central.
Marino
[mrb] Penama province: north Maewo. Users: 500 (2008 A. Henri), increasing. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Naone, North Maewo, Sunwadia. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Maskelynes
[klv] Malampa province: southeast Malekula, Maskelyne Islands, 3 villages on the coast of Uluveu island. Users: 1,350 (Healey 2013), increasing. No monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kuliviu, Mallicolo, Maskelyne Islands, Uliveo, Uluveu. Autonym: nasorun ta Uluveu. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Mele-Fila
[mxe] Shefa province: Efate, Mele village; Ifira island. Users: 3,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Fila-Mele, Ifara-Mele, Ifira-Mele. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Futunic.
Merei
[lmb] Sanma province: central Espiritu Santo island, between Lape and Ora rivers north of Morouas. Users: 400 (1997 J. Chung). Ethnic population: 570. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lametin. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Morouas
[mrp] Sanma province: central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 150 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 210. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ande, Moruas. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Mota
[mtt] Torba province: Banks Islands group, Mota (Sugarloaf) island. Users: 750 (2020 A. François). Ethnic population: 1,300. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Mpotovoro
[mvt] Malampa province: Malekula, north tip. Users: 430 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 610. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Mwerlap
[mrm] Torba province: Mere Lava and Merig islands. Users: 1,100 (2020 A. François). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Merelava, Merlav, Merlav-Merig. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Mwotlap
[mlv] Torba province: Banks Islands group, Mota Lava (Saddle) island. Users: 2,100 (2020 A. François), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Motalava, Motlav. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Na’ahai
[mlx] Malampa province: south Malekula. Users: 600 (1983 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Malfaxal, Malvaxal-Toman Island, Taman, Tomman. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Nahavaq
[sns] Malampa province: southwest Malekula. Users: 600 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 860. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Labo, Lamangkau, Na’ahai, Nahapa, Seniang, Sinesip. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Namakura
[nmk] Shefa province: north Efate, Tongariki and Tongoa. Users: 3,750 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Makura, Namakir. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Central Vanuatu.
Narango
[nrg] Sanma province: south Espiritu Santo island. Users: 160 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 230. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Farsaf, Farsav, Nambel. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Nasarian
[nvh] Malampa province: southwest coast of Malekula. Users: 5 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central.
Navut
[nsw] Sanma province: west central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 520 (1983 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Neve’ei
[vnm] Malampa province: central west Malekula. Users: 500 (Musgrave 2007). Ethnic population: 710. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Banggor, Lambumbu, Nabusian teget, Nefe’ei, Telag, Vinmavis. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central.
Neverver
[lgk] Malampa province: Malekula. Users: 1,250 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bushman’s Bay, Lingarak, Nevwervwer. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central.
Ninde
[mwi] Malampa province: Malekula, Southwest Bay town, Labo, Lawa, and Windua villages. Users: 1,100 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,600. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Labo, Meaun, Mewun, Nide. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Labo.
Nokuku
[nkk] Sanma province: northwest Espiritu Santo island. Users: 160 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 400. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nogugu. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Nume
[tgs] Torba province: northeast Gaua island. Users: 700 (2020 A, François). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gaua, Gog, North-East Gaua, Tarasag. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Olrat
[olr] Torba province: Gaua island west coast, mainly Dolap village. Users: 3 (2020 A. François). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Autonym: Olrat. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Paama
[pma] Malampa province: Paama, 1 village on east Epi (Lopevi), large group in Vila. Users: 6,000 (1996 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Paama-Lopevi, Paamese, Pauma. Autonym: selusien ten out Voum. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Piamatsina
[ptr] Sanma province: northwest Espitiru Santo island. Users: 150 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 210. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Polonombauk
[plb] Sanma province: southeast Espiritu Santo island. Users: 120 (Wurm 2007). Ethnic population: 550. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, East Santo, South.
Port Sandwich
[psw] Malampa province: southeast Malekula. Users: 750 (Crowley 2002d). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Lamap. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Port Vato
[ptv] Malampa province: south Ambrym island, between Maranata and Port Vato villages. Users: 1,300 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Daakie. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Repanbitip
[rpn] Malampa province: east Malekula. Users: 90 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 130. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Small Nambas.
Rerep
[pgk] Malampa province: east Malekula. Users: 380 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 540. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Pangkumu, Pangkumu Bay, Tisman. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Roria
[rga] Sanma province: central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 75 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 100. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mores. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Sa
[sax] Penama province: south Raga island. Users: 4,000 (2017 A. Gray). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ponorwol, Saa, South Pentecost Language. Autonym: Dlo Kêt, Sa. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Sakao
[sku] Sanma province: northeast Espiritu Santo island. Users: 2,000 (Crowley 2002b). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hog Harbour, Klep, N’kep, Sakau, Santo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, East Santo, North.
Seke
[ske] Penama province: Pentecost island. Users: 300 (2011 K. Johnson). Ethnic population: 430. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Baravet, Bwaravet, Dol, Ske. Autonym: Seke. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Shark Bay
[ssv] Sanma province: east Espiritu Santo island and Litaro (Pilot) islands; Shark Bay coast. Users: 450 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,130. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ngen. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, East Santo, South.
Sie
[erg] Tafea province: Erromanga island. Users: 1,900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eromanga, Eromangan, Erramanga, Erromanga, Erromangan, Sye. Autonym: nam Eromaga. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Erromanga.
Sowa
[sww] Penama province: central Raga island. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last fluent speaker, Maurice Tabi, died in 2000. Status: 9 (Dormant). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Tambotalo
[tls] Sanma province: southeast Espiritu Santo island, Tambotalo village. Users: 50 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 70. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Tangoa
[tgp] Sanma province: Tangoa island, off south Espiritu Santo island. 4 villages. Users: 800 (2001 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Leon Tatagoa, Mara Tatagoa, Movono, Santo, South Santo. Autonym: Leon Tatangoa. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Tanna, North
[tnn] Tafea province: north Tanna island. Users: 5,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Not Tana. Autonym: Nən-naka. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Tanna.
Tanna, Southwest
[nwi] Tafea province: southwest Tanna island. Users: 4,500 (2011 SIL), increasing. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Naha, Nɨvhaal, Nvhal, Saot Wes Tanna, Saotwes, Yahurmene. Autonym: Nɨvhaar. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Tanna.
Tasmate
[tmt] Sanma province: west Espiritu Santo island. Users: 150 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 210. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Tiale
[mnl] Sanma province: north central Espiritu Santo island. Users: 400 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 570. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Malmariv. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Tolomako
[tlm] Sanma province: Big Bay, Espiritu Santo island. Users: 900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,300. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Big Bay, Marina, Tolomako-Jereviu. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Tutuba
[tmi] Sanma province: Tutuba and south Espiritu Santo islands. Users: 500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 1,250. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Unua
[onu] Malampa province: east Malekula island. Batabbu, Batabong, Black Sands, Penamor, and Ruxbo villages (Unua dialect). Hemertabos, Pandeur, Rembe, Rerep, Retchar, and Tisman villages (Pangkumu dialect). Users: 1,050 (Pearce 2015), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Onua. Autonym: Unua. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Ura
[uur] Tafea province: north Erromanga island. Users: 6 (1998 T. Crowley). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Erromanga.
Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin
[upv] Malampa province: northeast Malekula and nearby islands. Users: 9,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). 1,380 Atchin, 3,450 Uripiv-Wala-Rano. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Northeast Malakula. Autonym: Tirax. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
Valpei
[vlp] Sanma province: northwest Espiritu Santo island. Users: 300 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 430. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Valpay, Valpei-Hukua. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Vao
[vao] Malampa province: north Malekula and Vao islands. Users: 1,900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, Malekula Coastal.
V’ënen Taut
[nmb] Malampa province: northwest Malekula. Users: 3,350 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Big Nambas. Autonym: V’ənen Taut. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Malekula Interior, Malekula Central.
Vera’a
[vra] Torba province: Vanua Lava island west coast, Vera’a village. Users: 500 (2020 A. François). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Vatrata, Vetrat. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Vunapu
[vnp] Sanma province: northwest Espiritu Santo island. Users: 380 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 540. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Vurës
[msn] Torba province: Banks Islands group, Vanua Lava island, southeast. Users: 2,000 (Malau 2016). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Vetumboso, Vuras, Vureas. Autonym: Vurës. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, East Vanuatu.
Wailapa
[wlr] Sanma province: southwest Espiritu Santo island. Users: 100 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 140. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ale. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.
Whitesands
[tnp] Tafea province: Tanna island east coast. Users: 7,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Napuanmen, Whitsands. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, South Vanuatu, Tanna.
Wusi
[wsi] Sanma province: west Espiritu Santo island. Users: 300 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Ethnic population: 430. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Wusi-Kerepua. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, North and Central Vanuatu, Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands, West Santo.