Norwegian

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A language of Norway

Autonym
Norsk
User Population

5,190,000 in Norway (2017). Total users in all countries: 5,307,770.

Language Status

1 (National). De facto national language.

Typology

SVO; prepositions; noun head final; gender (masculine/feminine/neuter); definite and indefinite articles; passives (active, middle, passive); comparatives; 24 consonants, 12 vowels, 5 diphthongs; 2 pitch contours; stress on first syllable.

Language Use

Most also use English [eng].

Language Development

Taught in all primary and secondary schools. Taught in tertiary schools. Fully developed. Bible: 1904–1985.

Writing

Latin script [Latn].

Other Comments

Norwegian has 2 written standards, both of which are assigned codes in the ISO 639-3 standard: Bokmål Norwegian (nob) and Nynorsk Norwegian (nno). Bokmål differs from Nynorsk in numerous details in the lexicon, morphosyntax and the use of diphthongs versus single vowels. These written norms have neither a precise geographical delineation nor a direct correspondence with spoken dialects, although Nynorsk is closer to the western dialects and is more in use in western Norway. The written norms are grammatically and lexically very similar. Nynorsk, used by a minority of Norwegians, can be classified as West Scandinavian; Bokmål, the written standard of the majority of the population, tends towards East Scandinavian. Thus, Norwegian draws lexicon and syntax from both West Scandinavian and East Scandinavian speech varieties.

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