Peru
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Achuar-Shiwiar
[acu] Loreto region: Ecuador border, between Morona and Tigre rivers. Users: 4,420 in Peru (2007 census). Majority are monolingual. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Achual, Achuale, Achuar, Achuara, Achuár chícham, Jivaro, Maina. Classification: Jivaroan, Jívaro.
Ajyíninka Apurucayali
[cpc] Huanuco, Pasco, and Ucayali regions: Apurucayali tributary, Pachitea river. Users: 4,000 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ashaninca, Ashéninca Apurucayali, “Apurucayali Campa” (pej.), “Axininka Campa” (pej.), “Campa” (pej.), “Kampa” (pej.). Autonym: Ajyéninka. Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Campa, Ashéninga.
Amahuaca
[amc] Madre de Dios and Ucayali regions: scattered on Aguaytía, Curanja, Curiuja, Inuya, Las Piedras, Mapuya, Purus, Sepahua, Upper Ucayali, and Yuruá rivers; Southeast Amazon basin. Users: 300 in Peru (2007 census), decreasing. 20 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 300 (2007 census). Total users in all countries: 520. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Amaguaco, Amahuaka, Amajuaca, Amawaka, Ameuhaque, Ipitineri, Ipitnere, Sayaco. Autonym: Yora. Classification: Panoan, Mainline, Tri-State, Amawaka.
Amarakaeri
[amr] Madre de Dios region: Madre de Dios and Colorado rivers. Users: 1,910 (2007 census). Includes Huachipaeri [hug]. Ethnic population: 2,090 (2013 Ministerio de Educación). Includes Huachipaeri [hug]. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Amaracaire, Amarakaire, Arakmbut, Arakmbut Háte, Harakmbut, Haté, Kareneri, Kochimberi, Küpondirideri, Wakitaneri, Wintaperi, “Mashco” (pej.). Autonym: aratbuten hua’a. Classification: Harákmbut.
Andoa
[anb] Loreto region: Andoas town on Pastaza river. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker died in 2012. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Andoa-Shimigae, Gae, Gaye, Semigae, Shimigae. Autonym: Simikai. Classification: Zaparoan, Záparo, Arabela-Andoa.
Arabela
[arl] Loreto region: Arabela river, tributary of the Napo. 2 villages. Users: 50 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 400 (2007 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Chiripuno, Chiripunu, Tapueyocuaca. Autonym: Tapueyocaca. Classification: Zaparoan, Záparo, Arabela-Andoa.
Asháninka
[cni] Apurimac, Ayacucho, Cusco, Junin, and Ucayali regions: Apurimac, Ene, Perene, and Tambo rivers and tributaries. Users: 35,200 (2007 SIL). 2007 census lists 63,000, which includes all varieties of Ashaninka and Asheninka. Ethnic population: 35,200 (2007 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ashinanca, Asháninca, “Campa” (pej.), “Kampa” (pej.). Autonym: Asháninka. Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Campa.
Ashéninka, Pajonal
[cjo] Junin, Pasco, and Ucayali regions: central Gran Pajonal area. Users: 12,000 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 12,000 (2002 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Asheninka, Ashéninca, Atsiri, Pajonal, “Campa” (pej.). Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Campa, Ashéninga.
Ashéninka, Perené
[prq] Junin region: upper Perené river. Users: 300 (Mihas 2014). Ethnic population: 5,500 (2001 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Asheninka, Perené Ashéninca, “Perené Campa” (pej.). Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Campa, Ashéninga.
Ashéninka, Pichis
[cpu] Pasco region: Pichis river and tributaries except Apurucayali. Users: 10,700 (2007 census). Includes Ajyninka Apurucayal [cpc]. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Asheninka, Pichis Ashéninca, “Pichis Campa” (pej.). Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Campa, Ashéninga.
Ashéninka, South Ucayali
[cpy] Ucayali region: upper Ucayali river and tributaries. Users: 13,000 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 14,000 (2002 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Asheninka. Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Campa, Ashéninga.
Ashéninka, Ucayali-Yurúa
[cpb] Huanuco and Ucayali regions: Arruya, Cohengua, Inuya, Shahuaya, Sheshea rivers, Ucayali river tributaries of Pachitea, Yurúa river. Users: 7,000 in Peru (2001 SIL). Total users in all countries: 7,810. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Asheninka, Ucayali Ashéninca. Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Campa, Ashéninga.
Aushiri
[avs] Loreto region: Escuelacocha, Napo river right bank tributaries. Users: No known L1 speakers. One semi-speaker reported on the Napo River in 2008 and another living near Iquitos (Crevels 2012). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: A’éwa, Abijira, Auxira, Awshira, Vacacocha. Classification: Language isolate.
Awajún
[agr] Amazonas, Cajamarca, Loreto, and San Martin regions: upper west Marañon river area; Cahuapanas, Mayo, and Potro rivers. Users: 53,400 (2007 census), increasing. Ethnic population: 55,400 (2007 census). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Aents, Aguajún, Aguaruna, Ahuajún, Awajunt. Autonym: Awajún. Classification: Jivaroan.
Awishira
[ash] Loreto region: Lake Vacacocha, Napo river, Puerto Elvira. Users: No known L1 speakers. Survived into mid 20th century. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Abigira, Abiquira, Abishira, Aewa, Agouisiri, Auishiri, Avirxiri, Aʔɨwa, Ixignor, Tekiraka, Tequiraca, Vacacocha. Classification: Unclassified.
Aymara, Central
[ayr] Moquegua, Puno, and Tacna regions: Lake Titicaca area. Users: 443,000 in Peru (2007 census). Ethnic population: 443,000 (2007 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). Alternate Names: Aimara, Aymara. Classification: Aymaran, Aymara.
Aymara, Southern
[ayc] Moquegua, Puno, and Tacna regions: Lake Titicaca toward the ocean. Users: 213,000 (2011 J. Leclerc). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). Alternate Names: Aymar, Aymar aru. Classification: Aymaran, Aymara.
Bora
[boa] Loreto region: Ampiyacu, Putumayo, northeast Yaguasyacu rivers. 5 villages. Users: 750 in Peru (2007 census). Ethnic population: 750 (2007 census). Total users in all countries: 1,350. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Booraa, Bora-Miranya, Meamuyna, Miamuna’a, Miranas, Miranya, Miraña, Mïamuna. Autonym: Miamunaa. Classification: Witotoan, Proto-Bora-Muinane.
Cahuarano
[cah] Loreto region: Maynas province, Nanay river headwaters. Users: No known L1 speakers (2012 SIL). Last speaker died in the late 1980s or early 1990s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Zaparoan, Iquito-Cahuarano.
Capanahua
[kaq] Loreto region: Tapiche-Buncuya rivers area. Users: 100 (Crevels 2012). Some may be in voluntary isolation (2013 Ministry of Education). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 380 (2007 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Capabaquebo, Capanawa, Kapanawa, Nuquencaibo, “Capacho” (pej.). Autonym: Capa Baquebo. Classification: Panoan, Mainline, Shipibo.
Caquinte
[cot] Cusco and Junin regions: Picha, Poyeni, and Mayapo rivers, upper Poyeni river, which flows into Tambo Yori and Agueni rivers which become Mipaya river flowing into the Urubamba; a few on Sensa and Vitiricaya rivers, affluents of the Urubamba. Users: 440 (2007 census), increasing. Ethnic population: 440 (2007 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Caquinte Campa, Kakinte, Poyenisati, “Cachomashiri” (pej.). Autonym: Aguenquetsatsare. Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Campa, Machiguenga.
Chamicuro
[ccc] Loreto region: Pampa Hermosa on Huallaga tributary. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker died in the early 2000s (2018 S. Parker). Ethnic population: 100 (2015 S. Parker). Virtually all inhabitants of Pampa Hermosa are ethnic Chamicuro. Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Chamicolo, Chamicura. Autonym: Chamekolo. Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Western.
Chinese
[zho] A macrolanguage. 100,000 in Peru. Non-indigenous.
Cholón
[cht] Huanuco and San Martin regions: Tingo María to Valle, Huallaga river valley. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in 2000 (2000 M. Wise). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Seeptsa, Tinganeses. Classification: Cholonan.
Culina
[cul] Ucayali region: near Brazil border, upper Purus and Santa Rosa rivers. Users: 420 in Peru (2007 census), increasing. Primarily monolingual. Ethnic population: 420. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kollina, Kulina, Kulino, Kulyna, Kurina, Madiha, Madihá, Madija. Classification: Arauan.
English
[eng] Users: 15,100 in Peru (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
Ese Eja
[ese] Madre de Dios region: Maldonado area on Heath and Tambopata rivers. Users: 590 in Peru (2007 census). Ethnic population: 590 (2007 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ese Ejja, Ese Exa, Ese’ejja, Guarayo, Huarayo, Tambopata-Guarayo, Tiatinagua, “Chama” (pej.). Classification: Tacanan, Chama.
Hibito
[hib] Loreto region: Bobonaje river, Huayabamba tributary entering Huallaga west, Jelache tributary. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speaker probably survived into the 1970s (Loukotka 1968). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Chibito, Hivito, Ibito, Jibito, Xibita, Xibitoana, Zibito. Classification: Cholonan.
Huachipaeri
[hug] Cusco region: Keros and upper Madre de Dios rivers. Users: 310 (2000). Ethnic population: 2,090 (2013 Ministerio de Educación). Includes Amarakaeri [amr]. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Huachipaire, Wachipaeri, Wacipaire, “Mashco” (pej.). Classification: Harákmbut.
Iñapari
[inp] Madre de Dios region: Puerto Maldonado area on Piedras river, mouth of Sabaluyo. Users: 4 (1999 SIL). Ethnic population: 68 (Crevels 2012). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Inamari. Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Southern Outlier, Piro.
Iquitu
[iqu] Loreto region: Atalaya and San Antonio on Chambira, Nanay, and Pintoyacu rivers. Users: 25 (Beier et al 2011), decreasing. 1 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 520 (2007 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Amacacore, Hamacore, Ikito, Ikitu, Iquita, Iquito, Puca-Uma, Quiturran. Autonym: Akenóiri. Classification: Zaparoan, Iquito-Cahuarano.
Isconahua
[isc] Loreto and Ucayali regions: Callaria river. Users: 82 (2000). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Iscobaquebu, Iskobákebo, Iskonawa. Classification: Panoan, Mainline, Tri-State, Amawaka.
Jaqaru
[jqr] Lima region: Yauyos province, Cachuy and Tupe villages; into Ica region. Users: 740 (Crevels 2012). 730 Jaqaru and 9 Cauqui (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 2,000 (2000 W. Adelaar). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Ak’aro, Aru, Hage aru, Haq’aru, Haqaru, Haqearu, Jacaru, Jaq’aru, Tupe. Autonym: Jaqaru. Classification: Aymaran, Tupe.
Jebero
[jeb] Loreto region: Alto Amazonas province, Jeberos district, between Marañon and Huallaga rivers. Users: 30 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 2,500 (2000 W. Adelaar). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Chebero, Shiwilu, Xebero, Xihuila. Autonym: Shiwilu la’la’. Classification: Cahuapanan.
Kakataibo-Kashibo
[cbr] Huanuco, Loreto, and Ucayali regions: Aguaytía, San Alejandro, and Súngaro rivers. Users: 2,780 (2007 census). Some women over 50 monolingual. Ethnic population: 2,780 (2007 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Aincacatai, Cachibo, Cacibo, Cahivo, Cashibo-Cacataibo, Caxibo, Hagueti, Incauncanibo, Kashibo, Kashibo-Kakataibo, Managua. Autonym: Kakataibo-Kashibo. Classification: Panoan, Mainline, Cashibo.
Kandozi-Chapra
[cbu] Loreto region: Chapuli, Huitoyacu, Morona, and Pastaza rivers. Users: 3,260 (2007 census). Ethnic population: 3,260 (2007 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Candoshi, Candoshi-Shapra, Candoxi, Kandoshi, Kandozi, Murato. Autonym: Kadoazi koko. Classification: Language isolate.
Kashinawa
[cbs] Ucayali region: Curanja and Purus rivers. Users: 2,420 in Peru (2007 census). Ethnic population: 2,420 (1999 census). Total users in all countries: 7,420. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Cashinahua, Caxinahua, Caxinawá, Hantxa Kuin, Juni Kuin, Kashinahua, Kaxinawá, Kaxynawa. Autonym: Hãtxa Kuī. Classification: Panoan, Mainline, Tri-State.
Kukama-Kukamiria
[cod] Loreto region: Huallaga, lower Marañon, and northeast lower Ucayali rivers’ area. Users: 250 in Peru (Crevels 2007). Few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 11,300 (2007 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Cocama, Cocama-Cocamilla, Huallaga, Kokama, Kokama-Kokamilya, Kukama, Pampadeque, Pandequebo, Ucayali, Xibitaoan. Classification: Tupian, Tupí-Guaraní, Tupí, Cocama.
Maijuna
[ore] Loreto region: Algodón, Putumayo, Sucusari, and Yanayacu rivers. Users: 190 (2007 census). Ethnic population: 300 (Crevels 2012). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Coto, Koto, Mai Ja, Maihuna, Maijɨki, Máíhɨki, Payagua, Tutapi, “Orechon” (pej.), “Oregon” (pej.), “Orejón” (pej.). Autonym: Maijuna. Classification: Tucanoan, Western Tucanoan.
Mashco Piro
[cuj] Madre de Dios region: Purús province; Upper Purús area. Users: 200 (Crevels 2012). 60 monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Cujareno, Cujareño, Nomole, “Mashco” (pej.). Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Southern Outlier, Piro, Piro.
Matses
[mcf] Loreto region: lower Yaquerana river and tributaries; lower Yavari on Chobayacu and Gálvez rivers. Users: 5,000 in Peru (2019 Y. Bueno). Ethnic population: 5,000 (2019 Y. Bueno). Total users in all countries: 6,500. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Magirona, Majoruna-Matsés, Majuruna, Matses-Mayoruna, Maxirona, Maxuruna, Mayiruna, Mayoruna, Mayuzuna. Autonym: Matses. Classification: Panoan, Mayoruna-Matsés.
Matsigenka
[mcb] Cusco, Madre de Dios, and Ucayali regions: Camisea, Kompiroshiato, Picha, Manu, Mishagua, Tigompinia, Timpia, and Urubamba rivers. Users: 21,400 (2019 Ministerio de Cultura). Ethnic population: 21,400 (2019 Ministerio de Cultura). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Machiguenga, Matsiganga, Matsigenga, Matsiguenga, Mañaries, Niagantsi. Autonym: Matsigenka. Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Campa, Machiguenga.
Muniche
[myr] Loreto region: Paranapura river. Users: No known L1 speakers (Michael et al 2013). Three semi-speakers, ages 60–90; 10 remember but not fluent (Michael et al 2013). The last known fluent speaker, Victoria Huancho Icahuate, died in the late 1990s. Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Munichi, Munichino, Otanabe, Otanave. Classification: Language isolate.
Nanti
[cox] Cusco region: headwaters of Camisea and Timpia rivers. Users: 94 (2007 census). Ethnic population: 450 (Crevels 2012). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Campa, Ashéninga.
Nomatsigenga
[not] Junin region: Anapati river system in the foothills, between Ene and Perené rivers. Users: 8,020 (2007 census). 5,500 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 8,020 (2007 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Atiri, Ina’o, Inato, Inthome, Intsome, Nomatsiguenga, “Nomatsiguenga Campa” (pej.). Autonym: Nomatsigenga. Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Campa, Ashéninga.
Nonuya
[noj] Loreto region: Maynas province, Putumayo district. Users: No known L1 speakers in Peru. Last known speaker in Peru likely survived until 2010. Ethnic population: 90. Ethnic population covers both Colombia and Peru. Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Nononota. Classification: Witotoan.
Ocaina
[oca] Loreto region: Ampuyacu, Putumayo, and Yaguasyacu rivers. Users: 50 in Peru (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 100 (2007 census). Total users in all countries: 55. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Okaina. Autonym: Dyo’xaiya-o-lvo’tsa. Classification: Witotoan, Proto-Huitoto-Ocaina.
Omagua
[omg] Loreto region: El Porvenir, Grau, San Joaquín de Omaguas, San Salvador de Omaguas, and other settlements on lower Marañón left bank, near Ucayali river mouth. Users: 2 in Peru (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 630 (2007 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Agua, Anapia, Ariana, Cambeba, Cambeeba, Cambela, Campeba, Canga-Peba, Compeva, Kambeba, Kambéba, Macanipa, Omagua-Yete, Omágua, Pariana, Umaua, Yhuata. Classification: Tupian, Tupí-Guaraní, Tupí, Cocama.
Omurano
[omu] Loreto region. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died by 1958. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Humurana, Hunurana, Mayna, Numurana, Omurana, Roamaina, Umurano. Classification: Language isolate.
Panobo
[pno] Ucayali river mixed with the Shetebo [shp] language group. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in 1991. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Huariapano, Manoa, Pana, Pano, Pelado, Wariapano. Classification: Panoan, Mainline, Pano.
Peruvian Sign Language
[prl] Scattered. Users: 98,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 65,000–130,000 deaf signers, assuming 0.2%–0.4% of total population. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: LSP, Lengua de Signos Peruana, Lenguaje de señas peruana, Lenguaje de señas peruano. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Pisabo
[pig] Loreto region: in Matsés [mcf] language group territory, between Tapíche and Blanco rivers. Users: 500 (2011 J. Leclerc). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Pisagua, Pisahua. Classification: Panoan.
Quechua
[que] A macrolanguage. Population total all languages (L1 only): 7,168,325. Includes: Ambo-Pasco Quechua [qva], Arequipa-La Unión Quechua [qxu], Ayacucho Quechua [quy], Cajamarca Quechua [qvc], Cajatambo North Lima Quechua [qvl], Calderón Highland Quichua [qud] (Ecuador), Cañar Highland Quichua [qxr] (Ecuador), Chachapoyas Quechua [quk], Chaupihuaranga Quechua [qur], Chimborazo Highland Quichua [qug] (Ecuador), Chincha Quechua [qxc], Chiquián Quechua [qxa], Corongo Ancash Quechua [qwa], Cusco Quechua [quz], Eastern Apurímac Quechua [qve], Huallaga Quechua [qub], Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua [qvh], Huaylas Ancash Quechua [qwh], Huaylla Wanca Quechua [qvw], Imbabura Highland Quichua [qvi] (Ecuador), Jauja Wanca Quechua [qxw], Lambayeque Quechua [quf], Loja Highland Quichua [qvj] (Ecuador), Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua [qvm], Napo Quichua [qvo], North Bolivian Quechua [qul] (Bolivia), North Junín Quechua [qvn], Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua [qxn], Northern Pastaza Quichua [qvz] (Ecuador), Pacaraos Quechua [qvp], Panao Quechua [qxh], Puno Quechua [qxp], Salasaca Highland Quichua [qxl] (Ecuador), San Martín Quechua [qvs], Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua [qxt], Santiago del Estero Quichua [qus] (Argentina), Sihuas Ancash Quechua [qws], South Bolivian Quechua [quh] (Bolivia), Southern Conchucos Quechua [qxo], Southern Pastaza Quechua [qup], Tena Lowland Quichua [quw] (Ecuador), Yauyos Quechua [qux].
Quechua, Ambo-Pasco
[qva] Huanuco region: Ambo province, Ambo, San Francisco de Mosca, and San Rafael districts; Pasco region: Pasco province, Ticlacayán district. Users: 18,300 (2017 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: San Rafael-Huariaca Quechua. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Ap-am-ah, Alto Pativilca.
Quechua, Arequipa-La Unión
[qxu] Arequipa region: La Unión province, Cotahuasi district, Apurímac department, Antabamba province; Ayacucho and Cusco regions. Users: 18,600 (2000). 10,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 32,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Arequipa Quechua, Cotahuasi Quechua, Quechua de Arequipa, Quechua de La Unión. Autonym: Runasimi. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay, Southern Chinchay, Southern Peruvian Quechua.
Quechua, Ayacucho
[quy] Ayacucho and Huancavelica regions; Apurimac, Arequipa, Cusco, Ica, Junin, and Lima regions. Users: 900,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. 300,000 monolinguals. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Chanca, Chanka. Autonym: Chanka runasimi, Runasimi. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay, Southern Chinchay, Southern Peruvian Quechua.
Quechua, Cajamarca
[qvc] Cajamarca region: Chetilla and Los Baños districts; western dialect: Chetilla district, eastern dialect: Porcón and Cajamarca valley areas; La Libertad region: small area on west bank of Rio Marañon. Users: 30,000 (2000 D. Coombs). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kichwa Lingwa, Lingwa. Autonym: Kichwa. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Yungay, Northern.
Quechua, Cajatambo North Lima
[qvl] Ancash region: Pacllón, La Primavera, and Mangas (south of Llamac, east of Pativilca rivers) districts; Huanuco region; Lima region: Cajatambo, Copa, Huancapón, and northern Manas districts. Users: 7,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. 2,800 monolinguals. Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Wankay.
Quechua, Chachapoyas
[quk] Amazonas region: Chachapoyas and Luya provinces. Users: 7,000 (2003 SIL). 100 monolinguals (2003). Ethnic population: 7,000. Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Amazonas, Amazonas Quechua. Autonym: Llakwash. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay, Northern Chinchay.
Quechua, Chaupihuaranga
[qur] Pasco region: Chacayan, Chinche, Goyllarisquizqa, Paucar, San Pedro de Pillao, Tapoc, Villcabamba, and Yanahuanca districts; sparsely populated high country, more densely populated valleys. Users: 20,500 (1972 census), decreasing. 8,200 monolinguals. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Daniel Carrion, Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua. Autonym: Runa Simi. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Wankay.
Quechua, Chincha
[qxc] Huancavelica region: northwest Castrovirreyna province; Ica region: northeast Chincha province; Lima region: southeast Yauyos province. Users: 6,000 (2000 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Wankay.
Quechua, Chiquián
[qxa] Ancash region: Bolognesi province, Chiquián district, western Bolognesi west of Pativilca river and north of Llamac river; east Ocros, Corpanqui valley border. Western Ocros may be included, but the dialect is a bit different. Users: 10,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. 4,000 monolinguals. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Ancash Quechua, Chiquián Ancash Quechua. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Waylay.
Quechua, Corongo Ancash
[qwa] Ancash region: Corongo province, Aco, Corongo, Cusca, La Pampa, and Yanac districts. Most in Aco and Cusca. Users: 4,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. 1,700 monolinguals (2000 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Corongo Quechua, Quechua de Corongo, Runa Simi. Autonym: Llaqwash. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Waylay, Conchucos.
Quechua, Cusco
[quz] Apurimac, Arequipa, Cusco, Moquegua, Madre de Dios, and Puno regions. Users: 1,500,000 (1989 UBS). Total Quechua in Peru 3,500,000–4,400,000 including Quechua I 750,000, Quechua II 2,680,000 (2000 W. Adelaar). 300,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,500,000. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Cuzco, Cuzco Quechua, Qheswa, Qheswasimi, Quechua Cusco, Quechua Qosqo-Qollaw, Quechua de Cusco-Collao, Qusqu qhichwa simi, Qusqu runasimi. Autonym: Runasimi, Runasimi Qusqu Qullaw. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay, Southern Chinchay, Southern Peruvian Quechua.
Quechua, Eastern Apurímac
[qve] Apurimac region: Abancay, Andahuaylas, Antabamba Ayamaraes, Cotabambas, and Grau provinces; Arequipa region: La Unión province; Ayacucho and Cusco regions. Users: 200,000 (2002 SIL). 80,000 monolinguals. 30% in towns, 60%–70% in remote areas, especially at high altitudes. Ethnic population: 200,000. Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Apurímac Quechua, Quechua del Este de Apurímac. Autonym: Runasimi. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay, Southern Chinchay, Southern Peruvian Quechua.
Quechua, Huallaga
[qub] Huanuco region: Huánuco province, Churubamba and Santa Maria del Valle districts. Users: 23,900 (2017 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Alto Huallaga, Huallaga Huánuco Quechua, Quechua Huallaguino, Quechua de Huánuco, Quechua de Llacón, Quechua de Matihuaca. Autonym: Runa shimi. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Ap-am-ah.
Quechua, Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco
[qvh] Huanuco region: Dos de Mayo province, Chuquis, Marias, Quivilla, Pachas, Ripán, Shunqui, Sillapata, and Yanas districts; Huamalíes province, Arancay, Chavín de Pariarca, Jacas Grande, Jircán, Llata, Miraflores, Punchao, Puños, Singa, and Tantamayo districts. Users: 44,900 (2017 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Runa Simi. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Ap-am-ah, Alto Pativilca.
Quechua, Huaylas Ancash
[qwh] Ancash region: Caraz, Carhuaz, and Huaraz provinces; Callejón de Huaylas. Users: 173,000 (2017 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Runa Shimi. Autonym: Anqas Qichwa, Qichwa. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Waylay.
Quechua, Huaylla Wanca
[qvw] Junin region: Concepción and Huancayo provinces; some in Huancavelica and Lima regions. Users: 250,000 (2002 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Huanca Huaylla Quechua, Quechua Huanca, Quechua Wanca, Quechua Wanka, Southern Huancayo Quechua, Wanca, Wanka Quechua. Autonym: Runa Simi, Wanca Nunashimi. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Wankay.
Quechua, Jauja Wanca
[qxw] Junin region: Jauja province; small area; Lima region. Users: 25,000 (1962 census). Ethnic population: 77,700 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Huanca Jauja Quechua, Quechua shausha huanca, Shausha Wanka Quechua. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Wankay.
Quechua, Lambayeque
[quf] Lambayeque region: Inkawasi, Kañaris, and Miracosta districts; Penachí and Santa Lucía communities; Cajamarca and Piura. Users: 20,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ferreñafe, Inkawasi-Kañaris Runashimi, Quechua Inkawasi-Kañaris, Quechua de Lambayeque, Quechua of Incahuasi-Cañaris, Runa Shimi. Autonym: Linwaras. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Yungay, Northern.
Quechua, Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha
[qvm] Huanuco region: Ambo province, Cayna and Colpas districts; Huánuco province, Margos, Quisqui (Kichki), San Pedro de Chaulán, Yacus, and Yarumayo districts; Lauricocha province, San Francisco de Asis and San Miguel de Cauri districts; Yarowilca province, Aparicio Pomares (Chupán), Cáhuac, Chacabamba, Chavinillo, Choras, Jacas Chico, Obas, and Pampamarca districts. Users: 32,100 (2017 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Dos de Mayo Quechua, Ketchwa, Quechua Margos, Quechua de Margos, Quechua de Margos-Cauri-Chavinillo Huanuco. Autonym: Quechua, Runa Shimi. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Ap-am-ah, Alto Pativilca.
Quechua, North Junín
[qvn] Junin region: Carhuamayo, Junín, Ondores, and San Pedro de Cajas districts; Lima and Pasco regions. Users: 60,000 (1998). 7,000 monolinguals (1972 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Junín Quechua, Quechua del Norte de Junín, Runa shimi, Tarma Quechua, Tarma-Junín Quechua. Autonym: Quechua. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Wankay.
Quechua, Northern Conchucos Ancash
[qxn] Ancash region: Pomabamba to San Luis; northwest Huánuco department, Huarcrachuco; possibly north Marañon area. Users: 122,000 (2021 SIL), including 61,000 speakers living outside the language area (based on 2017 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Conchucos Quechua, Northern Conchucos Quechua, Quechua de Ancash, Quechua de Pomabamba (Ancash), Quechua del Norte del Callejon de Conchucos, Runa Simi. Autonym: Quechua. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Waylay, Conchucos.
Quechua, Pacaraos
[qvp] Lima region: Pacaraos village. Users: 35 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 900. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua.
Quechua, Panao
[qxh] Huanuco region: Pachitea province, Molino, Panao and Umari districts. Users: 28,900 (2017 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Pachitea Quechua, Panao Huánuco Quechua, Panao runacuna, Quechua de Pachitea. Autonym: Runa shimi. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Ap-am-ah, Alto Marañón.
Quechua, Puno
[qxp] Arequipa and Cusco regions: small areas; Moquegua region: highland area; Puno region. Users: 500,000. 100,000 monolinguals (2002). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Quechua Collao, Quechua Qollaw. Autonym: Runa Simi. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay, Southern Chinchay, Southern Peruvian Quechua.
Quechua, San Martín
[qvs] Amazonas region: Roderigo de Menedez province; Loreto region: one enclave; San Martin region: Lamas, Sisa and other districts, and along Ucayali river. Users: 15,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. 2,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 44,000 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kechwa de San Martin, Lama, Lamano, Lamas Kichwa, Lamas Quechua, Lamista, Lamisto, Llakwash Quechua, Llakwash Runashimi, Motilón, Ucayali. Autonym: Llakwash, San Martin Kechwa. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay, Northern Chinchay.
Quechua, Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco
[qxt] Huanuco and Pasco regions. Users: 10,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Wankay.
Quechua, Sihuas Ancash
[qws] Ancash region: Sihuas province, districts west of Sihuas river; Alfonso Huayllabamba, Sihuas, and west Ragash north of Rupac river, south Quiches, and Ugarte. Users: 7,120 (2021 SIL), including 3,560 speakers living outside the language area (based on 2017 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Quechua de Sihuas. Autonym: Quechua. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Waylay, Conchucos.
Quechua, Southern Conchucos
[qxo] Ancash region: Chavín, Llamellín, and San Luis; Huanuco region: Huacaybamba, Huacrachuco, Pinra and San Buenaventura districts; Marañon province: south. Users: 161,000 (2021 SIL), including 80,000 speakers living outside the language area (based on 2017 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Conchucos Quechua, Quechua de Conchucos, Quechua del Callejón de Huaylas, Quechua del sur de Conchucos, Quechwa, Runa simi, South Conchucos Quechua, Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua. Autonym: Quechua. Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Waylay, Conchucos.
Quechua, Southern Pastaza
[qup] Loreto region: Anatico lake, Huasaga, Ñucuray, and Pastaza rivers; Manchari town. Users: 1,550 (2000). 310 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Inga, Quechua del Pastaza, Runa shimi. Autonym: Inka. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay, Northern Chinchay.
Quechua, Yauyos
[qux] Huancavelica region: northeast Castrovirreyna province; Ica region: north Chincha province; Lima region: Yauyos province. Users: 6,500 (2003 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Quechuan, Central Quechua, Wankay.
Quichua, Napo
[qvo] Loreto region: Napo river area, communities on the Putumayo; Madre de Dios region: small enclave east. Users: 10,000 in Peru (2009). Total users in all countries: 24,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kicho, Kichua, Lowland Napo Quichua, Napo, Napo Kichua, Napo Kichwa, Napo Lowland Quechua, Napo Lowland Quichua, Santa Rosa Quechua, Santarrosino, Yumbo. Autonym: Napo Kichwa shimi, Runa Shimi. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay, Northern Chinchay.
Quichua, Northern Pastaza
[qvz] Loreto region: Alamos, Tigre river. Users: 2,000 in Peru. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Alama, Bobonaza, Runa Shimi, Tigre Quechua. Classification: Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay, Northern Chinchay.
Remo
[rem] Ucayali regon: between Tapiche and Calleria rivers. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speakers may have survived into the 1960s (Olson 1991). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Môa Remo, Nucuini, Rheno. Classification: Panoan, Mainline, Shipibo.
Resígaro
[rgr] Loreto region: Bora and Ocaina villages. Users: 1 (2017). Ethnic population: 37 (2007 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Resígero. Classification: Maipurean, Northern, Upper Amazon.
Secoya
[sey] Loreto region: Boca de Angusilla and Santa Marta, a small river off Napo river near Ecuador border. Users: 920 in Peru (2007 census). Ethnic population: 920 (2007 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aido Pãi, Encabellao, Pãi kokua. Classification: Tucanoan, Western Tucanoan, Macaguaje.
Sensi
[sni] Ucayali region: Ucayali river right bank. Users: No known L1 speakers. Survived into mid 20th century. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Mananahua, Senti, Tenti. Classification: Panoan.
Sharanahua
[mcd] Madre de Dios and Ucayali regions: upper Purús river area. Users: 490 in Peru (2007 census). 300 Mastanahua (2000 SIL). 320 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 490 (2007 census). Total users in all countries: 499. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sharanawa. Autonym: Sharanahuan tsain. Classification: Panoan, Mainline, Tri-State.
Shawi
[cbt] Loreto and San Martin regions: Cahuapanas, Paranapura, Shanusi, and Sillay rivers. Users: 14,000 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 21,400 (Crevels 2012). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Balsapuertino, Cahuapa, Cahuapana, Campo Piyapi, Chahui, Chawi, Chayabita, Chayahuita, Chayawita, Chayhuita, Paranapura, Shayabit, Tsaawí, Tshaahui. Autonym: Shahui. Classification: Cahuapanan.
Shipibo-Conibo
[shp] Huanuco, Loreto, and Ucayali regions: Painaco, Pisqui opposite Contamana, Requena, and Sur Bolognesi; northeast middle Ucayali river area. Users: 22,500 (2007 census). Ethnic population: 22,500 (2007 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Caliseca, Chama, Manamabobo, Manava, Shipibo-Konibo, Sinabo, Xipibo. Classification: Panoan, Mainline, Shipibo.
Sivia Sign Language
[lsv] Ayacucho region: Llochegua and Sivia. Users: 62, all users. L1 users: 12 (2018 B. Clark). L2 users: 50 (2018 B. Clark). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: LSSiv, Lengua de señas de Sivia. Classification: Sign language, Shared sign language.
Spanish
[spa] Users: 32,450,000 in Peru, all users. L1 users: 28,100,000 in Peru (Instituto Cervantes 2019). L2 users: 4,350,000 (Instituto Cervantes 2019). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). Alternate Names: Castellano, Español. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
Spanish, Charapa
[spq] Loreto and Ucayali regions. Users: 2,700 (2011 J. Leclerc). Some monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Amazonic Spanish, Castellano Sharapa, Jungle Spanish, Loreto-Ucayali Spanish. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
Taushiro
[trr] Loreto region: Aucayacu river and tributary. Users: 1 (2017 N. Casey). Ethnic population: 5 (2017). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Pinche, Pinchi. Classification: Language isolate.
Ticuna
[tca] Loreto region: Chimbote to San Antonio do Iça in Brazil; northeast Amazon river area. Users: 6,980 in Peru (2007 census). Ethnic population: 6,980 (2007 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Duuxugu, Tikuna, Tukuna, ticunagaxũ. Classification: Language isolate.
Urarina
[ura] Loreto region: Urarinas district, Chambira, Pucayacu, and Urituyacu rivers. Users: 4,850 (2007 census). Women are monolingual. Ethnic population: 4,850 (2007 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Cimarrón, Itucale, Itucali, Itukale, Kacha Edze, Kacha Ere, Oroarina, Shimacu, Simacu. Autonym: Oruarinya. Classification: Language isolate.
Wampís
[hub] Amazonas and Loreto regions: high jungle of the Andes along Morona and Santiago rivers. Users: 10,200 (2007 census). Ethnic population: 10,200 (2007 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Huambisa, Huambiza, Wambisa. Autonym: Wampís. Classification: Jivaroan, Jívaro.
Witoto, Muinani
[hux] Loreto region. Users: 50 in Peru (2017 K. Wojtylak). 1,130 Huitoto in Peru (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 110 (Griffiths et al 2001). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Huitoto, Huitoto Muinane, Muinane, Muinane Huitoto, Nipode Witoto, Nüpode Huitoto. Classification: Witotoan, Proto-Huitoto-Ocaina, Early Huitoto.
Witoto, Murui
[huu] Loreto region: Ampiyacu, Napo, and Putumayo rivers; between Iquitos, Peru and Leticia, Colombia. Users: 400 in Peru (2008), decreasing. 1,130 Huitoto in Peru (Crevels 2007). Very few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,100 (2008). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bue, Huitoto, Huitoto Murai, Murui, Murui Huitoto, Witoto. Classification: Witotoan, Proto-Huitoto-Ocaina, Early Huitoto, Proto-Minica-Murai.
Yagua
[yad] Loreto region: Iquitos to Brazil border; northeast Amazon river area. Users: 5,000 in Peru (2016 T. Payne). No monolinguals (2016). Ethnic population: 5,680 (2007 census). Total users in all countries: 5,300. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Llagua, Nijyamii, Nijyamïï Nikyejaada, Yahua, Yava, Yegua. Autonym: Nijya̱mi̱ Niquejada. Classification: Yaguan.
Yameo
[yme] Loreto region: Amazon and Marañon rivers from mouth of Tigre river to Nanay river. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died by the 1960s (Peña 2009). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Camuchivo, Lllameo, Masamae, Masamae Yameo, Mazan, Parara, Yaméo. Classification: Yaguan.
Yaminahua
[yaa] Madre de Dios and Ucayali regions; Mapuya, and Mishagua, and Yuruá. Users: 600 in Peru (2007 census). Ethnic population: 600 (2007 census). Total users in all countries: 1,951. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Yamanawa, Yuminahua. Autonym: Yaminawá. Classification: Panoan, Mainline, Tri-State.
Yanesha’
[ame] Junin region: headwaters of Pachitea and Perené rivers; Pasco region: central and east. Users: 7,520 (2007 census). Ethnic population: 7,520 (2007 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Amagues, Amagé, Amajé, Amajó, Amoishe, Amueixa, Amuese, Amuesha, Amueshua, Amuetamo, Lorenzo, Omagé. Autonym: Yanesha’. Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Western.
Yine
[pib] Cusco, Junin, and Ucayali regions; Conatmana and Pucallpa, Ucayali river, east central Urubamba river area. Users: 3,260 (2007 census), increasing. Ethnic population: 3,260 (2007 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Apurinã, Chichineri, Chontaquiro, Contaquiro, Pira, Simiranch, Tokanï, Yineru tokanu, Yinerï, “Piro” (pej.), “Pirro” (pej.), “Simirinche” (pej.). Autonym: Yine, Yineri tokani. Classification: Maipurean, Southern, Southern Outlier, Piro, Piro.
Yora
[mts] Cusco and Ucayali regions: Sepahua on Urubamba river, Serjali on upper Mishagua; Madre de Dios region: Manu national park, on lower Cashpajali, upper Manu, and Panagua rivers. Users: 450 (Crevels 2012). Possibly another 400 uncontacted speakers on the Upper Piedras River (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 450 (Crevels 2012). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Manu Park Panoan, Nahua, Parquenahua, Yoranahua, Yura, Yurahahua. Classification: Panoan, Mainline, Unclassified.